^-     u 


'*»1h  ii: 


i 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 

MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


.im 


ETYMOLOGICAL  DICTIONARY   ^ 

OR 

ANALYSIS 

OF  THE 

ENGLISH  LANGUAGE: 

CONTAINING 

IHE  RADICALS  AND  DEFINITIONS  OF  WORDS 
DERIVED  FROM  THE 

GREEK,  LATIN,  AND  FRENCH,  LANGUAGES  ; 

A:!fD  ALL  THE  GEXEHALLT  USED 

TECHNICAL  AND  roiITE  PHRASE  S^ 

ABOPTED  FR051 

THE  FRENCH  AND  LATIN, 


BY  WILLIAM  GRIMSHAW, 

ACTHOB  OF  A  UISTO":  Y  OF  THE  UI«ITET)   STATES,   HISTORY  OF 
ENGLAND,  &C. 


" ; — ''•  Ut  possem  curvo  dig-noscere  rectum, 

"  Atque  inter  silvas  Academi  quaerere  verum." 


PHILABBLPHIJI : 
PRINTED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR, 

BY  LYBIA  R.   BAILEY. 

1821. 


.?:)■ 


■i^ 


tCA 


E ASTER J^  DISTRICT  OF  PEJVjysrLVJJ\*M,  to  wit: 

BE  IT  REMB:MBERED,  That  on  the  twenij-sixth  day 
(L.  S.)  of  July,  in  the  forty-sixih  year  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  A.  D.  1821,  William  Grim- 
SHAW,  of  the  said  District,  hath  deposited  in  this  office  the  Title 
of  a  Book,  the  right  whereof  he  claims  as  Author,  in  the  words 
following',  to  -ivit  : 

"  xAn  Etymological  Dictionary  or  Analysis  of  the  English  Lan- 
"guage:  containing  the  radicals  and  definitions  of  words  derived 
"  from  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  French,  languages  ;  and  all  the  gen- 
*'  erally  used  technical  and  polite  phrases,  adopted  from  the  French 
"and  Latin.  By  William  Grlmshaw,  author  of  a  history  of  the 
"  United  States,  history  of  England,  Sec. 

♦  Ut  possem  curvo  dignoscere  rectum, 

*  Atque  inter  silvas  Academi  quxrere  verum.'" 

In  conformity  to  the  Act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  Slates, 
intituled,  "An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing 
the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  propri- 
etors of  such  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned."  And 
also  to  the  Act,  entitled,  *'  An  Act  supplementary  to  an  Act,  enti- 
tled, *  An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the 
copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors 
of  sticli  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,'  and  extending 
the  benefits  thereof  to  the  arts  of  designing,  engraving,  and  etch- 
ing historical  and  other  prints." 

D.  CALDWELL,  Cle^kofthe 

Eastern  District  of  Pe?i7mh'aniei. 


PREFACE.        C^ti^ 


I 


FEW  sciences  are  more  worthy  of  acquirement 
ihan  Etymology.  Next  to  the  being  endowed  by  nature 
with  a  mind  of  acute  perception,  large  capacity,  and 
correct  judgment,  there  is  no  more  powerful  aid,  to  phi- 
losophical inquiries,  than  a  precise  understanding  of  the 
language  in  which  knov/iedge  is  conveyed.  If  the  terms 
of  scientific  instruction  be  not  clearly  understood  by  the 
pupil,  his  perceptions  will  at  first  be  imperfect,  and  in 
the  end  abortive :  if  not  fully  comprehended  by  the 
teacher,  his  manner  will  betray  his  ignorance;  and,  in 
place  of  developing  his  subject,  he  will  involve  it ;  in- 
stead of  delighting,  he  wiil  fatigue. 

The  English  language,  of  the  present  day,  with  the 
exception  of  transitional  and  conjunctive  words,  is  two 
fold.  It  consists  of  a  dialect,  emanated,  without  any 
material  change,  through  the  Saxon,  from  the  Gothic 
or  Teutonic;  and  of  another,  derived  immediately  from 
the  French,  Latin,  and  Greek.  The  former  is  used  by 
the  common  people  and  by  children,  and,  occasionally, 
in  familiar  discourse,  by  the  higher  classes  :  the  latter, 
by  the  learned  and  polite,  the  philosopher  and  historian, 
the  orator  and  statesman.  The  first  has  descended  to  us 
from  the  various  northern  tribes,  who,  in  the  fifth  cen- 
tury, expelled  the  Britains  into  Wales  and  Cornwall. 
The  second,  is  of  more  recent  birth.  Additions  from 
the  French  tongue  commenced  in  the  eleventh  century, 
on  the  accession  of  Edward  the  Confessor  to  the  English 
throne.  This  prince  having  been  educated  in  Normandy, 
where  he  had  contracted  many  intimacies  with  the  na- 
tives, as  well  as  a  partiality  for  their  manners,  the  court 
of  England  was  soon  filled  with  Normans;  who,  being 
distinguished  by  the  royal  favour,  and  a  superior  degree 
of  urbanity,  rendered  not  only  their  language,  but  their 
laws  and  customs,  fashionable  in  the  kingdom.     The 


iV  PREFACE. 

V 

French  tongue  was  very  generally  studied,  and  was 
used  in  their  different  writings  by  the  lawyers.  The 
subjection  of  the  British  people,  by  the  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, almost  immediately  after  the  death  of  Edward, 
served  still  more  to  intermingle  the  continental  lan- 
guage. William  endeavoured  to  abolish  the  English 
tongue.  He  ordered  that  the  youth  should  be  instructed 
in  French,  that  the  pleadings  in  the  supreme  court 
should  be  in  that  language,  the  laws  written  in  the  same, 
and  that  no  other  should  be  spoken  at  the  royal  court. 

Nearly  five  centuries  before,  the  Latin  had  been  used 
in  England,  in  the  service  of  the  Roman  church  ;  but,  as 
few  of  the  clergy,  even  in  the  time  of  Alfred,  (who  as- 
cended the  throne  in  871,)  could  interpret  what  they 
were  repeating,  the  English  language  could  not  then 
have  been  rendered  more  copious,  by  the  introduction 
of  Latin  words.  Its  history  is  involved  in  much  obscu- 
rity. Even  the  additions,  which  had  undoubtedly  been 
made  to  the  colloquial  tongue  by  the  use  of  the  Norman 
amongst  the  higher  orders,  are  not  easily  discovered  or 
reduced  to  a  certain  date.  The  nobility  were  unlettered ; 
their  discourse  was,  therefore,  not  committed  to  writing; 
the  poets  composed  their  rude  verses  in  the  homely  dia- 
lect of  the  lower  classes,  and  the  historians  their  chroni- 
cles in  Latin.  Even  so  recently  as  the  beginning  of  the 
last  century,  theological  disputations  as  well  as  philoso- 
phical inquiries  were  frequently  written  in  Latin.  The 
national  tongue  was  not  yet  sufficiently  dignified,  nor 
sufficiently  copious,  to  gratify  the  pride  or  express  the 
ideas  of  the  learned  ;  nor  were  the  readers,  in  any  coun- 
try, numerous  enough  to  repay  the  expense  of  translating, 
and  of  printing  works  of  that  kind  in  their  own  tongue. 
A  reciprocal  means  of  communication  was  therefore 
adopted,  which  rendered  the  original  writings  of  the 
learned  in  one  country  intelligible  to  those  in  every  other. 

Each  succeeding  year  enlarges  our  verbal  store.  Every 
new  invention  or  discovery,  every  new  modification  or 
combination,  requires  anew  word.  On  these  occasions, 
the  elementary  parts  are  seldom  drawn  from  the  national 
stock.  The  scientific  terms,  adopted  by  all  modern  na- 
tions, are  almost  exclusively  constructed  from  the  Greek 
or  Latin.    These  are  happily  adapted  to  such  a  purpose. 


PREFACE. 


The  elliptical  form  required  to  express  multum  inparvo^ 
much  in  a  small  compass,  would  be  repugnant  to  the 
mind  and  unpleasant  to  the  ear,  if  compounded  from  the 
native  tongue;  because  the  ellipsis  would  appear  too  vio- 
lent; a  harshness  which  is  entirely  avoided  by  the  use  of 
foreign  words. 

There  is  little  danger  (though  there  is  some,)  of  our 
mistaking  the  true  signification  of  our  vernacular  dia- 
lect,— the  Anglo-Saxon.  That  which  we  have  been  ac- 
customed to  do  from  our  childhood,  we  will  do,  almost 
instinctively,  right.  Words,  in  the  use  of  which  we  have 
had  so  early  and  long  continued  experience,  will  be  thor- 
oughly understood.  Their  various  powers  will  be  known 
without  a  glossary.  But  this  cannot  be  said  of  the  mod- 
ern portion  of  our  language.  Not  having  been  required 
in  youth,  it  has  been  neglected ;  and  we  are  hurried  from 
the  society  who  speak  the  other,  into  a  maturer  and 
m.ore  refined,  whose  discourse  is,  in  a  great  measure, 
unintelligible  to  us. 

Many  years  will  elapse,  before  we  are  enlightened ; 
much  arduous  application  will  be  used,  much  painful 
degradation  suffered.  Even  when  we  conceive  that  we 
have  dispelled  the  obstructing  clouds,  we  are  encom- 
passed by  a  remaining  mist, — by  an  opacity,  more  dan- 
gerous than  complete  darkness,  because  more  deceitful. 
Without  a  previous  classical  education,  (which  is  at- 
tained by  few  males,  and  scarcely  by  any  females,)  we 
are  seriously  perplexed  :  we  know  not  which  is  the  lite- 
ral, which  the  figurative  import  of  a  word;  how  far  the 
former  may  be  extended, — within  what  bounds  the  lat- 
ter should  be  confined.  We  have  derived  our  knowledge 
of  ideal  sounds  from  those  who  are  not  competent  to 
teach, or  willing  to  instruct;  who  may  mislead  us  through 
ignorance,  or  deceive  us  through  design.  We  resemble 
a  vessel  without  a  pilot,  which  is  subject  to  the  variable 
directions  of  her  crew,  and,  in  tracing  the  windings  of  the 
channel,  is  wrecked  upon  its  banks. 

The  best  verbal  pilot  is  Etymology.  But,  except  to 
the  classical  scholar,  this  guide  has  hitherto  been  want- 
ing. This  is  the  first  Etymological  dictionary  that  has 
ever  appeared,  of  any  language,  founded  on  a  minute 
and  regular  system  of  analysis.     Each  w^ord  is  here  re- 


VI  PREFACE. 

solved  into  its  original  elements.  In  words  composed 
of  a  Preposition  and  a  Verb,  the  appropriate  meaning  of 
the  former,  out  of  its  multifarious  significations,  has 
been  chosen,  to  suit  its  particular  application ;  and  the 
latter  has  been  displayed,  either  in  its  primitive  shape 
or  the  inflexion  used  in  its  combination.  The  same  mode 
has  been  adopted  with  regard  to  foreign  Nouns.  These 
generally  come  to  us  through  their  genitive  case,  whilst 
the  Verbs  very  frequently  reach  us  in  their  participial 
form. 

The  present  tense  of  the  indicative  mood,  I  consider 
as  the  root  of  Greek  and  Latin  verbs ;  to  which  part,  I 
have  therefore  referred,  as  the  fountain  head  :  though, 
in  accordance  with  academical  usage,  I  have  affixed  to 
it  the  translation  of  the  infinitive.  Thus,  I  write  metreo^ 
«  to  measure,"  w^hilst  the  real  meaning  is  "  I  measure;" 
and  facio,  ''  to  make,"  instead  of  "  I  make."  I  have 
also  substituted  the  Roman  Letters  for  the  Greek,  as 
the  best  suited  to  the  simplicity  of  my  design  ;  en- 
abling the  mere  English  scholar  to  produce  the  sound 
indicated  by  the  Greek  characters  with  sufficient  accu- 
racy ;  whilst  the  radicals  are,  notwithstanding,  exhibited 
in  such  a  form,  that  a  Greek  scholar  may  easily  find 
them  in  a  lexicon. 

The  most  philosophical  treatise  on  the  derivation  of 
English  words  is  the  E^s*  n-rs^csv-ra,  or  Diversions  of  Pur- 
ley,  by  Home  Tooke.  Had  his  plan  embraced  words 
derived  from  the  learned  languages,  no  occasion  had  of- 
fered for  so  inferior  a  philologist  as  the  author  of  the 
present  work  to  undertake  this  task.  My  labour  would 
have  been  only  manual.  There  would  have  been  re- 
quired only  a  judicious  selection  and  alphabetical  ar- 
rangement. But  he  has  confined  his  researches,  with 
some  desultory  exceptions,  to  that  portion  of  the  lan- 
guage which  is  derived  from  the  Saxon,  and  other  bar- 
barous dialects  of  the  north.  Several  inquiring  minds 
had  previously  explored  the  remote  sources  of  the  English 
tongue.  Junius,  in  the  sixteenth,  and  Skinner  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  had  exercised  no  small  degree  of 
ingenuity  in  ascending  the  intricate  windings  of  the  ety- 
mological stream;  but  their  various  deductions  of  the 
same  word  excite  scepticism  and  perplexity;  and  their 


PREFACE.  VU 

quaint  subtleties,  characteristic  of  the  age  in  which  they 
lived,  instead  of  now  promoting  admiration,  excite  con- 
tempt. 

The  dictionary  of  Dr.  Johnson  is,  by  many,  thought 
to  combine  etymology  with  definition.  But,  this  opinion, 
if  the  work  be  rightly  examined,  will  be  found  errone- 
ous. Except  in  occasional  instances,  the  foreign  words 
are  neither  analysed  nor  translated ;  nor  is  the  mode 
shown  by  which  the  mind  has  compounded  or  deduced 
them.  A  mere  English  scholar,  therefore,  never  ac- 
quires more  than  the  exchange  of  one  sound  for  another; 
but  not  always  so  much:  for,  as  the  Greek  letters  can- 
not be  pronounced  by  him,  they  afford  no  intelligence, 
more  lucid,  than  would  be  experienced  by  a  Greek  schol- 
ar, when  staring,  with  stupid  vacuity,  at  Arabic.  He 
is  informed,  that  cession  is  derived  from  cedo^  accede, 
from  accedo^  geomet4'y  from  yicey.il^nf,  information  that 
confers  no  benefit  on  the  learned  or  on  the  unlearned. 
The  latter  has  not,  by  this  exhibition,  received  a  single 
new  idea ;  the  former,  none,  of  which  he  was  not  pos- 
sessed before. 

The  derivations  have,  in  many  instances,  not  been  at- 
tempted by  Dr.  Johnson;  and  the  haste  in  which  his 
voluminous  work  was  compiled,  has  prevented  a  uni- 
formity of  system. 

A  considerable  number  of  phrases,  wholly  French  or 
Latin,  are  now  interspersed  throughout  our  language. 
They  have  not  been  admitted  into  any  English  dictiona- 
ry ;  yet,  it  is  not  less  essential  to  know  their  meaning, 
than  the  signification  of  any  words  that  we  have  fully 
naturalized.  These  have  not  been  excluded  from  the 
present  work.  There  is  no  essay  of  the  scientific,  nor 
interchange  of  sentiment  amongst  the  polite,  that  does 
not  require  them.  Every  newspaper  exhibits  them :  the 
lawyer  employs  them  to  elucidate  his  argument,  the 
senator  to  adorn  his  oration,  and  the  ambassador  to  un- 
fold, in  technical  phraseology,  the  intention  of  his  gov- 
ernment. 

Much  more  might  be  adduced  on  this  subject.  But 
the  author  refers,  for  practical  illustration,  to  the  work 
itself.  The  design,  he  is  little  fearful,  will  be  approved, 
— though  he  is  less  confident  of  the  execution.  A  liberal 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

critic  will,  however,  make  due  allowance  on  account  of 
its  peculiar  difficulty, — as  well  from  its  novelty  as  its  in- 
tricacy; and,  if  he  discerns,  upon  examination  of  the 
whole,  that  the  author,  notwithstanding  some  injudicious 
examples,  possesses  abilities  competent  to  the  design,  he 
will  pronounce  a  favourable  verdict,  and  expect  that  the 
errors  of  a  first  edition  may  be  corrected  in  a  second. 

Philadelphia,  July,  l^th,  1821. 


ABBREVIATIONS, 

F.  French.  L.  Latin.  G.  Greek. — -v.  verb,  s.  sub- 
stantive, adj.  adjective,  firefi.  preposition,  part,  parti- 
ciple.— p.  part,  a  passive  participle,  sup.  supine. — pos. 
positive,  compar.  comparative,  superl.  superlative. — 
comp.  compounded. — nom.  nominative,  gen.  genitive, 
dat.  dative,  accus.  accusative,  abl.  ablative. — dim.  di- 
minutive, incep.  or  incept,  inceptive. 


ETYMOLOGICAL  DIG TIOXARY. 


ABA— ABI 


ABASE.    V.  To  lower  in  rank.   F.  adaisser;  L.  ad,  to, 

and  basis,  the  foot  or  base  of  a  pillar. 
ABASH.  V.  To  make  ashamed,  or  to  lower  a  person  in 

his  own  opinion.    F.  abai-sscr.     See  ABASE. 
ABATE,    -v.   To  lessen.    F.  abbatre ;   L.  a,  from,  and 

batuo,  to  beat. 
ABBOT,    s.    The  chief  of  a  convent,  or  fellowship  of 

canons.    Low  L.  abbas;  from  a  Hebrew  word,  signify- 
ing father. 
ABBREVIATE,    v.    To  shorten.    L,  abbrevio ;   from 

brevis,^  short. 
ABDICATE.   V.   To  resign.   L.  abdico ;  a 6,  from,  and 

dico-i  to  declare, 
ABDOMEN,  s.  The  lower  cavity  of  the  body.  L,  abdo- 
men; from  abdo,  to  hide. 
ABDUCE.  -v.  To  draw  away,  L.  abduco;  comp,  of  a^, 

from,  and  duco,  to  lead. 
ABDUCENT,  adj.  A  teiTn  applied  to  those  muscles 

which  serve  to  open  or  pull  back  parts  of  the  body, 

L.  abducejis.,  part,  oi  abduco.     See  ABDUCE. 
ABDUCTION,  s.  The  act  of  drawing  away;  a  form  of 

argument.   L.  abductio.     See  ABDUCE. 
ABERRANCE,    s.    Deviation.    L.   aberrans,  part,  of 

aberro  ;  comp.  of  a^,  from,  and  erro,  to  wander. 
ABHOR,  -v.  To  detest.  L.  abhorreo;  comp.  of  ci^,  from, 

and  horreoy  to  tremble. 
ABILITY.    8.  Power;    mental  efficiency.    F.  habilete ; 

L.  habiliias,  from  habeo,  to  have. 
AB  IJVITIO.  From  the  beginning.    L.  ab,  from,  initio, 

abl.  oi  initimn.  a  beginning. 

[2] 


ABJ— ABS 

ABJECT,  adj.  Worthless;  mean;  groveling.  L.  ahjec- 
tusy  p.  part,  of  abjiciOy  to  cast  out;  ab^  from,  and yac/o, 
to  throw. 

ABJURE.  T'.  To  swear  not  to  do,  or  not  to  have.  L.  ah- 
jiiro  ;  conip.  oi  ab^  from,  and  juro^  to  swear. 

ABLATIVE,  adj.  Relatmg  to  that  case  m  grammar, 
which,  amongst  other  significations,  includes  the  per- 
son from  whom  something  is  taken.  L.  ablativus;  from 
ablatusy  p.  part,  oi  aufero^  to  take  away. 

ABLUTION,  s.  The  act  of  cleansing.  L.  ablutio;  ab^ 
from,  and  lautus^  part,  of  lavo^  to  wash. 

ABOLISH,  -v.  To  annul.  L.  aboleo;  a,  from,  and  bolus^ 
a  mass,  or  heap ;  meaning,  that  when  a  thing  is  abol- 
ished, it  is  detached  from  the  general  practice. 

ABORIGINES,  s.  The  earliest  known  inhabitants  of 
a  country.  L.  aborigines ;  comp.  of  a6,  from,  and 
origOy  the  beginning. 

ABORTION,  s.  Premature  birth ;  produce  of  a  prema- 
ture birth;  failure  of  design.  L.  abortio;  horn  abortOy 
to  miscarry;  ab^  from,  and  ortus^  part,  of  or  io?-,  to  come 
suddenly. 

ABORTIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  a  failure  of  design.  L. 
abortiviis.     See  ABORTION. 

ABROGx\TE.  -v.  To  repeal.  L.  c 6 ro^^o;  comp.  of  a (^, 
from,  and  rogo^  to  entreat;  meaning,  that  by  entreaty, 
a  law  had  been  annulled. 

ABRUPT,  adj.  Sudden;  unexpected.  L.  abrnfitus^ 
p.  part,  of  abrumjio :  ab^  from,  and  rumjio^  to  break. 

ABSCESS,  s.  A  morbid  cavity.  L.  abscessus;  comp.  of 
g6,  from,  and  cessus,  p.  part,  of  cedo^  to  retire. 

ABSCIND.  V.  To  cut  off.  L.  abscindo :  ab,  from,  and 
sciridoy  to  cut. 

ABSCISSION,  s.  The  act  of  cutting  off.  h.  abscissio; 
from  abscissus,  p.  part,  oi  abscindo.     See  ABSCIND. 

ABSCOND,  t'.  To  depart  secretly.  L.  abscondo;  com^p. 
of  a6,  from,  and  condo,  to  hide. 

ABSENT,  adj.  Not  present.  'L.ahsens,'p2iYt.ofabsiim; 
aby  from,  and  sum<^  I  am. 

ABSOLUTE,  adj.  Unconditional.  L.  absolutus,  (p.  part. 
oi  absolvo,)  perfect,  accomplished.    See  ABSOLVE. 

ABSOLUTION,  s.  Acquittal;  remission  of  sins.  L. 
absoliitio ;  from  absoltus^  p.  part,  of  absolvo.  See 
ABSOLVE. 


ABS— ACC 

ABSOLVE.   V.  To  free,  or  acquit.    L.  absclvo;  comp. 

of  «6,  from,  and  solvo,  to  loosen. 
ABSONANT,   adj.   Not  to  the  purpose.   L.  absonaiis; 

part,  of  absono;  ab^  from,  and  souo^  to  sound. 
ABSORB.   V.   To  draw  in.    L.  absorbeo;  ab,  from,  and 

sorbeo,  to  suck. 
ABSTAIN.  V.  To  forbear.    L.  abst'uieo;  ah^  from,  and 

teneo^  to  hold. 
ABSTEMIOUS,  ar//.  Temperate  in  diet.  Sec.    L.  absie- 

mills.    See  ABSTAIN. 
A^TERGENT.  adj.  Cleansing.   L.  abstc?\[fe?7s,  part. 

of  abstei^gco^  to  wipe  clean. 
ABSTINENCE,  s.  Forbearance  from  diet,  kc.  L.  See 

ABSTAIN.  , 
ABSTRACT,  v.  To  take  from.  L.  ab&tractum^  sup.  of 

abstraho;  ab^  from,  and  traho^  to  draw. 
ABSTRUSE.  Of/;.  Hidden;  difficult.  L.  g(^*^7'7/.97^5,  part. 

of  abstriido^  to  conceal ;  a(^,  from,  and  trudo.,  to  thrust. 
ABSURD,  at//.  Contrary  to  reason.  \^.  absurdus;  {vovti 

surd  us,  deaf,  hearing  to  no  purpose. 
ABUNDANT,    adj.    Plentiful.    L.  abundans,  part,  of 

abundo;  comp.  of  ad,  from,  and  undo,  to  flow. 
ABUSE,  s.  The  act  of  using  improperly.    L.  ab,  from.; 

and  usus,  the  custom,  or  practice. 
ABYSS,  s.  A  depth  without  bottom;  a  prodigious  gulf. 

L.   abyssus ;    G.  abussos ;  a,  without,  and  busses,  a 

bottom. 
ACADEMY,    s.    A  place  where   sciences  are  taught. 

Academus,  of  Athens,  whose  house  was  converted  into 

a  school. 
ACCEDE.  V.  To  agree  to.   L.  accedoj  from  ad,  to,  and 

cedo,  to  yield. 
ACCELERATE,  v.  To  hasten.  L.  accelero;  ad,  to,  and 

celero,  to  give  speed. 
ACCENT,    s.    Manner  of  speaking  or  pronouncing ; 

sound   given  to   a  particular   syllable;   mark  of  that 

sound.     F.  accent,  a  tune,  or  note ;    L.   ad,  to,  and 

cantum,  sup.  of  cano,  to  sing. 
ACCEPT,   -v.  To  receive  willingly.    L.  accefitum,  sup. 

oi  accifiio;  ab,  from,  and  ca/iio,  to  take. 
ACCESS,  s.  Means  of  approach.  L.  acccssus;  from  ad, 

to,  and  cessu7n,  (sup.  of  cedo)  to  give  way. 


ACC— ACH 

ACCESSARY,  s.  An  accomplice.  L.  From  the  same 

roots  as  access;  because  aiding  in  gaining  access. 
ACCIDENT,  s.  Chance.  L.  accide?is,  part,  of  acciclo ; 

from  ad^  towards,  and  cado^  to  fall. 
ACCITE.  V.  To  induce.  L.  accitum^  sup.  oiaccio;  ad^ 

to,  and  cieo^  to  move. 
ACCLAMATION,  s.  Loud  applause.   L.  acclcnnatio; 

from  ad^  to,  and  clamo,  to  call  loudly. 
ACCLIVITY,  s.  Steepness,  reckoned  upwards.  Li  ac- 

clivitas;  from  ad^  to,  and  clivus,  a  slope. 
ACCOMMODATE,  v.  To  render  a  convenience.#L. 

acconi?7wdo;   ad,  to,  and  co?n??iodo,  to  lend. 
ACCOMPLICE,  s.  A  partner  in  crime.  F.  cojiiplice; 

L.  complex;  con,  together,  and /2//C0,  to  fold. 
ACCOMPLISH.  V.  to  complete;  to  execute  fully.  F. 

acco7nplir;  L.  comfileo;  con,  with,  and  iileo,  to  hli. 
ACCORD,  -v.  To  agree.   F.   accorder;  L.  ad,  to,   and 

cor,  the  heart. 
ACCOST,  -v.  To  speak  to.  F>  accoster;  from  <7,  to,  and 

cote,  (formerly  cos.*<?J  the  side;  meaning,  to  approach. 
ACCOUNT,  s.  A  computation;  a  narrative.  F.  accomfit; 

L.  con,  together,  and/zz^ro,  to  adjust. 
ACCOUTRE.  XK  To  equip.  F.  accoutrer,  to  dress. 
ACCREDIT.  V.  To  authorize  by  a  written  commission.. 

L.  accredo;  from  ac?,  to,  and  credo,  to  trust. 
ACCRUE,  -u.  To  be  added  to.    F.  accru,  (part,  of  ac- 

croitre;)   L.  ad,  to,  and  curro,  to  run. 
ACCUMULATE,  x'.  To  heap  together.  L.  accumuld; 

from  «f/,  to,  and  cumulus,  a  pile. 
ACCURATE,    at//.    Correct.   L.   accuratus;  from   ori, 

with,  and  eura,  cai'e. 
ACCUSATIVE.    ««[;.    Relating  to  that  case  in  gram- 
mar, upon  which  the  action  of  the  verb  or  preposition 

terminates.  L.  accusativus.     See  ACCUSE. 
ACCUSE,    u.     To  charge  with  a  crime.     L.   accuso; 

from  causor,  to  plead,  or  blame. 
ACE.  s.  One.  L.  acus,  a  small  point;  or  G.  heis,oviQ. 
ACERBITY.    8.    Sourness,    L.    acerbitas;    from  acer, 

sharp,  or  painful ;  acer  is  from  acus,  a  sharp  point. 
ACETOUS,  adj.  Sour.  L.  acerz/?n,  vinegar.  See  ACID. 
ACHE,  s.    Pain.  G.  achos,  pain.     This  word  may  be 

derived  also  from  the  Saxon. 
ACHIEVE.  V,  To  perform.  F.  achever,  to  complete. 


ACI—ADD 

ACID.  *'.  A  sour  substance.    L.  acidua;  Iroui  acu^-y  a 

small  point. 
ACIDULATE,  v.  To  make  sour.    L.   From  the  same 

root  as  acidj  with  the  addition  of  latusy  broug-ht ;  that 

is,  brought  to  a  state  of  acidity. 
ACME.  s.  The  height,  especially  of  a  disease.  G.  akme^ 

the  point  or  edge. 
ACOUSTICS,    s.  The  doctrine  of  sounds.    G.  akou- 

stika;  from  akouo^  to  hear. 
ACQUAINT.  V.   To  make  familiar  with.  Y.  accointer, 

to  inform. 
ACQUIESCE.  V.  To  be  satisfied  with,  either  really  or 

apparently.     L.  acquiesco  ;  from  a^,  concerning,  and 

quiescoy  to  become  quiet. 
ACQUIRE,    -v.    To  obtain.    L.  acquiro ;  comp.  of  c^, 

from,  and  quccro^  to  seek. 
ACQUIT.  V.  To  declare  innocent.  F.  acqidtter;  L.  arf, 

to,  and  quietusy  rest. 
ACRID,    adj.    Of  a  hot,  biting  taste;  bitter.     L.   acer^ 

sharp.     See  ACID. 
ACRIMONIOUS,    adj.   Bitter;  severe.    L.  acri?nonia, 

sharpness;  from  ace?-,  sharp,  and  moyieoy  to  chide. 
ACROMATICAL.    adj.    Belonging  to  profound  learn- 
ing.   G.  akrosj  highest,  and  ?nateuo,  to  seek. 
ACROSTIC,    s.    A  poem,  of  which  the  first  letter  of 

every  line  being  taken,  a  particular  name  is  found.  G. 

akros,  outermost,  and  sCichosy  a  verse. 
ACT.  V.  To  perform.  L.  acium,  sup.  of  a^-o,  to  do. 
ACTUAL,  adj.  Real.    F.  actuel.     See  ACT. 
ACUMEN,    s.    Acuteness  of  mental  perception.     L. 

acumen;  from  aciis,  a  needle,  or  sharp  point. 
ACUTE,  adj.  Ending  in  a  point;  of  a  penetrating  mind. 

L.  acutiis;  from  acus.     See  ACUMEN. 
ADAGE,  s.  A  short  maxim.   L.  ada^ium;  ar/f/o,  to  add 

or  adjoin. 
ADAPT.  V.  To  fit.  L.  adafito;  from  or/, to,  and  apto^  to  fit. 
AUD.  V.  To  join;  to  perform  addition.  L.  addo;  from 

ady  to,  and  ofo,  to  give. 
ADDEJVDA.  Things  to  be  added.  L.  addendus^  p.  part. 

of  addoy  to  add. 
ADDICT.  V.  To  devote.   L.  addictum,  sup.  of  addico, 

from  ady  to,  and  dico,  to  dedicate. 
[2»] 


ADD— ADJ 

ADDUCE,  -v.  To  offer  in  argument,  L.  adduce;  from 

ad^  to,  and  ducoy  to  bring. 
ADDUCENT,   adj.   A  term  applied  to  those  m^iscles 

which  draw  together  the  parts  of  the  body.    L.  addu- 

cens,  part,  of  adduco:  ad,  to,  and  duco,  to  draw. 
ADEMPTION,  s.  Taking  away;  privation.  L.  ademp.- 

tio;  Gj  from,  and  demfitu8,  p.  part,  of  demo,  to  take 

away. 
ADEPT,   s.    One  completely  skilled  in  a  particular  art, 

L.  adejitus,  part,  of  adifiiscor,  to  obtain. 
ADEQUATE,  adj.  Equal  to;  proportionate,  L.  adequa- 

tua;  from  ad,  for,  and  quitum,  sup.  of  gueo,  to  be  able. 
ADHERE.  V.  To  stick.    L.  adh^reo;  from  ad,  to,  and 

hareo,  to  stick. 
ADHESION,    s.    Sticking  fast.     Adhesion  is  used  in 

the  natural,  and  Adherence  in  the  figurative,  sense. 

L.    adhasio ;   from   adhcesus,   part,  oi  ad/icereo.     See 

ADHERE. 
ADIEU,  int.  Farewell.   F.  d  Dieu,  to  God;  that  is,  "  I 

commend  you  to  God." 
AD  I.YFIjYITVM.  Without  end.   L.  ad,  to,  infinitum^ 

accus.  of  infinitus,  endless. 
ADJACENT,  adj.    Neighbouring.    L.  adjacens;  from 

ad,  to,  and  jacens,  (part,  oi  jaceo)  lying. 
ADJECT.  V.  To  place  to.  L.  adjectum,  sup.  of  adjicio; 

from  ad,  to,  and  jacio,  to  throw. 
ADJECTIVE,    s.    A  word  added  to  a  noun.    L.  adjec- 

tivum ;    from   ad^  to,   and  jactus,  (p.  part,  oi  jacio) 

thrown. 
ADJOIN,  -v.  To  unite  to.  F.  adjoindre;  L.  ad,  to,  and 

jungo,  to  join. 
ADJOURN.    V.   To  put  off.   F.  adjourner;  from  d,  to, 

and  ^owr,  [another]  day. 
ADJUDICATION,   s.  The  act  of  judging,  or  of  grant- 
ing something  by  a  judicial  sentence.   L.  adjudicatio; 

adjudico,  to  give  sentence:  judex,  a  judge. 
ADJUNCT,  adj.  United  to.    L.  adjunctus,  p.  part,  of 

adjungo.     See  ADJOIN. 
ADJURE.  V.  To  impose  an  oath,  Sec.  L.  adjure;  from 

ad,  concerning,  and  jura,  to  swear. 
ADJUST.    V,    To  regulate.     F.    adjuster;  L.  Justus^ 

right. 


ADJ—ADV 

ADJUTANT.  .9.  An  assistant  officer.    F.  adjutant;  1., 

ad^  ^ndJ2itu7n^  sup.  oijuvo,  to  help. 
.4D  LIBITUM.     At  pleasure.     L.  ad^  to,  libitum^  the 

will. 
ADMINISTER,  v.  To  give  ;  to  perform.    L.  adminia- 

tro;  from  arf,  to,  and  ministro^  to  attend. 
ADMIRE,  -v.    To  regard  with  wonder,  or  pleasure.    L, 

admiror;  from  ad^  at,  and  miror^  to  wonder. 
ADMISSIBLE,  adj.  That  which  may  be  admitted.    L. 

admissum^  sup.  oi  adinitto.     See  ADMIT. 
ADMIT,  x*.   To  let  in,  or  grant.     L.  admitto;  from  ac/, 

into,  and  viitto.^  to  send. 
ADMIX,  x^.    To  mingle.    L.  admixtiim,  sup.  o^  admis' 

ceo;  comp.  oi  ad,  to,  and  misceo,  to  mix. 
ADMONISH.  V.  To  reprove  gently.  L.  admojieo;  from 

af/,  to,  and  moneo,  to  advise. 
ADOLESCENCE.  5.    The  age  succeeding  childhood. 

L.  adolescentia;  from  adolesco,  to  grow. 
ADOPT.  V.    To  receive  as  our  own.    L.  adofito;  from 

ad,  for,  and  o/z^o,  to  select. 
ADORE,  -v.  To  worship.  L.  adoro;  from  ac?,  to,  and  orO) 

to  speak  or  entreat. 
AD   QUOD  DAMNUM.  The  title  of  a  writ  of  inquiry, 

to  ascertain  what  injury  may  possibly  be  done,  by  the 

erection  of  a  new  market,  &c.  to  another  market  al- 
ready established.     L.   ad,  concerning,   quod,   what^ 

damnum,  loss. 
ADROIT,  adj.  Dextrous.  F.  adroit;  a,  from,  and  droits 

the  right  hand. 
ADULATION.  *.    Extreme  flattery.    L.  adulatio,  the 

fawning  of  a  dog;  G.  skulakion,  gen.  oi  kuo7i,  a  dog. 
ADULT,  s.  A  person  full  grown.   L.  adultus,  (p.  part. 

of  adoleo )  grown  up. 
AD   VALOREM.    According  to  the  value.    L.  ad,  ac- 
cording to,  -valorem,  accus.  oi  valor,  value. 
ADVANCE.  V.    To  go,  or  come,  forward.  F.  avancer; 

avant,  before. 
ADVANTAGE,  s.    Gain;   superiority.    F.  avantage. 

See  ADVANCE. 
ADVENT,  s.  A  holy  season.  L.  adventus,  the  coming 

[of  the  Redeemer.] 


AOV— AFF 

ADVENTITIOUS,  adj.  Accidental;  extrinsic.  L.  ar/- 

ventitius;  from  ad,  to,  and  ventinn^  sup.  of  xc«2o,  to 

come. 
ADVENTURE,  s.  An  enterprise.  F.  aventure;  L.  ad- 

nenturus^  about  to  happen  ;  from  advenio:  ad,  to,  and 

-venio,  to  come. 
ADVERB,  s.    A  word  joined  to  another  word.    L.  ad- 

nerbium;  from  ad^  to,  and  verbum^  a  word. 
ADVERSE,  adj.     Opposing.     L.  adversus;  from  ad, 

against,  and  versus^  p.  part,  oi  verto,  to  turn. 
ADV^ERT.  V.    To  attend  to ;  to  speak  of.    L.  adverto, 

from  ad^  to,  and  vertOy  to  turn. 
ADVERTISE,  x'.    To  inform  ;  to  make  public.  L.  ady 

to,  and  verto,  to  turn  [attention.] 
ADVISE.  V.  To  counsel.  F.  aviser,  (formerly  adviser; J 

from  ady  upon,  and  visum,  (sup.  o^  video  J  to  see,  or 

consider. 
ADVOCATE,  s,  A  pleader.  L.  advocatus;  from  ad,  for, 

and  -jyoco,  to  call  out,  or  speak. 
AD  VOLUTION,  s.  The  act  of  rolling  towards.  L.  ad- 

■volutio;  from  ad,  to,  and  vohitus,  p.  part,  o^volvo,  to 

roll. 
AERIFORM.  G^/.  Gaseous  ;  having  the  form  of  air.  L. 

aer,  air,  and ybrznc,  shape. 
AEROLOGY,  s.    The  doctrine  of  the  atmosphere.    G. 

aer,  air,  and  logos,  a  description. 
AEROMETRY.  s.    The  art  of  measuring  the  air.     G. 

aer,  air,  and  metreo,  to  measure. 
AERONAUT,  s.    One  who  ascends  in  a  balloon.    L. 

aer,  the  air,  and  nauta,  a  sailor.  G.  aer,  and  nautes. 
AFFABLE,  adj.  Agreeable  in  discourse.  F.  affable;  L. 

ad,  to,  ?ind.  fabulor,  to  be  spoken;  that  is,  an  affable 

person  is  one  who  may  be  spoken  to. 
AFFAIR.  6'.  Business.  Y.  affaire;  iroin /aire,  to  do. 
AFFECT.  Vr    To  influence ;   to  pretend.    L.  affectum, 

sup.  o^  affcio;  comp.  oi  ad,  to,  andyV/cio,  to  do. 
AFFECTION.  5.  Love  ;  personal  attachment.  L.  affec- 

tio.     See  AFFECT. 
AFFIANCE.  V.    To  betroth.    F.  affance,  a  marriage 

contract :  from  affier,  to  engraft. 
AFFIDAVIT,  s.    A  declaration  upon  oath.     L.     This 

word  is  contracted  from  an  expression  of  the  common- 


AFF— AGI 

law, — ad  Jidem  dedit ;  that  is,  he  has  given  assurance 
concerning  [this  matter.] 

AFFINITY,  s.  Relation ;  chemical  propensity.  \^.  ofi- 
7iita.<i;  from  or/,  to,  and  fnis^  a  boundary,  or  border. 

AFFIRM.  V.  To  declare.  L.  affirmo;  from  ad^  concern- 
ing, and  fir  mo  ^  to  establish. 

AFFIX.  V.  To  join  to  the  end.  L,  affixuniy  sup.  oi  affi- 
go;  from  ad,  to,  and  fg-o,  to  fasten. 

AFFLICT.  V.  To  cause  pain.  L.  affiictum,  sup.  of 
afflii^o;  from  ad,  against,  and  Jilgo,  to  dash. 

AFFLUENT,  adj.  Rich.  lu.  affluens^  ^^rt.  oi  affluo; 
from  ad,  to,  and  Jiuo,  to  fiow. 

AFFLUX.  5.  The  act  of  flowing  to  ;  the  thing  which 
flows.  L.  affliLxus;  from  affcuo:  ad,  to,  and.y?wo,  to  flow. 

AFFRAY,  s.  A  tumuhuous  battle.  F.  affrayer,  (for- 
merly effriger)  to  terrify;    L.  fragor,  a  noise. 

AFFRONT,  -u.  To  insult.  F.  affronter;  L.  ad,  to,  and 
frons,  the  face;  meaning,  to  insult  a  man  before  his 
face. 

AFFUSION.  *.  The  act  of  pouring  one  thing  upon  an- 
other. L.  affusio ;  affiisus,  p.  part,  oi  affundo :  ady 
upon,  and  /undo,  to  pour. 

J  FORTIORI.  With  stronger  reason.  L.  a,  with,/or- 
tiori,  abl.  oifortior,  stronger. 

AGENT,  s.  That  which  acts.  L.  agens,  part,  of  ago, 
to  act. 

AGGLOMERATE,  -y.  To  come  together,  as  a  ball.  L. 
agglomero;  from  glomus,  a  ball  of  yani. 

AGGLUTINATE,  v.  To  join:  (used  chiefly  in  medical 
language:)  L.  ad,  to,  ^nd  gluten,  glue. 

AGGRANDIZE,  v.  To  make  great;  to  increase  in  pow- 
er. F.  aggrandiser;  from  grand,  great.  L.  grandis. 

AGGRAVATE,  v.  To  make  worse.  L.  aggravoj  from 
ad,  and  gravo,  to  burthen. 

AGGREGATE,  s.  The  entire.  L.  aggrego,  to  accu- 
mulate ;  from  grex,  a  flock. 

AGGRESSION,  s.  The  first  injury.  L.  aggressio ; 
from  ad,  towards,  and  gradus,  a  step. 

AGILITY,    s.   Activity.    F.   agilite;  L.   agilitas;  from 

ago,  to  act. 
AGITATE.  V.  To  shake.    L.  agitoi  ago,  to  act. 


AGO—ALL 

AGONY,  s.  Extreme  pain.  G.  o^-o/z,  strife;  alluding  to 
the  contest  between  life  and  death. 

AGRARL^N.  adj.  Relating  to  land.  L.  agrarius;  from 
ager^  a  field. 

AGREE.  V.  To  be  in  concord;  to  be  of  the  same  opin- 
ion.  F.  agreer;  L.  ad^  to,  and  gratia^  good-will. 

AGRICULTURE,  s.  Improvement  of  land.  h.  agricul- 
tiiras  ager^  a  field,  and  cutter^  a  plough. 

AID-DE-CAMP.  s.  An  officer  who  conveys  the  orders 
of  a  military  commander.  F.  aide^  an  assistant,  de^  of, 
camfi^  the  field. 

ALACRITY,  s.  Cheerful  speed.  L.  alacritas;  from 
c/a,  a  wing. 

A-LA'MODE.    F.  a  la  mode^  according  to  the  fashion. 

ALARM,  s.  Notice  of  danger.  F.  a  /'  armes!  to  arms! 

ALBUMEN,  s.  That  which  forms  the  serum  of  the 
blood,  the  white  of  eggs,  8cc.  L.  albu?n,  the  white 
of  an  egg. 

ALCHEMY,  s.  Formerly  signified  the  most  abstruse 
part  of  chemistry,  as  the  attempt  to  transmute  com- 
mon metals  into  gold ;  but  it  is  no  longer  ranked 
amongst  the  sciences.  Arabic,  «/,  the,  and  G.  chuoy 
to  melt. 

ALCHYMY.    s.    See  ALCHEMY. 

ALERT,  adj.  Brisk;  watchful.  F.  alerte;  L.  ala,  a  wing*. 

ALIAS.  Otherwise;  or:  thus;  "Donnel,  alias  O'Donncli.'* 
L.  alias,  in  another  manner. 

ALIBI.  Means  that  the  culprit  was  absent  when  the 
crime  was  committed.    L.  alibi,  elsewhere. 

ALIEN,  s.  A  foreigner.  L.  alienus;  from  alius,  another. 

ALIENATE,  v.  To  transfer  to  another ;  to  withdraw 
the  affections.     L.  alieno.     See  ALIEN. 

ALIMENT,  s.  Food.  L.  alimentum;  from  alo,  to  nourish. 

ALIMONY,  s.  Legal  allowance  by  a  husband  to  his  wife, 
after  separation.  L.  alimonia;  from  alo,  to  nourish. 

ALIQUOT,  adj.  Even ;  without  a  remainder, — as  2  is 
an  aliquot  part  of  10.  L.  aliquot;  from  alicjuoties,  cer- 
tain times. 

ALLEGATION,  s.  Affirmation;  thing  alleged.  L.  alle- 
gatio.     See  ALLEGE. 

ALLEGE.  V.  To  affirm.  L.  allegoj  from  ad,  to,  and 
IfgOj  to  impute. 


ALL— AMA 

ALLEGIANCE,  s.  The  duty  of  a  subject.  F.  allege" 
ance;    L.  ad^  and  legem^  [bound]  to  the  law. 

ALLEGORY,  s.  A  figurative  relation.  G.  allegoria; 
from  allos^  another,  and  angareuo^  to  make  a  speech. 

ALLEVL\TE.  v.  To  lighten.  L.  allevo;  ab^  from,  and 
levo^  to  lift. 

ALLIANCE,  s.  A  league.  F.  alliance.    See  ALLY. 

ALLIGATION,  s.  The  arithmetical  rule  which  teaches 
to  adjust  the  price  of  compounds,  formed  of  several 
ingredients  of  different  value.  L.  allegatio;  from  alligo: 
ad,  together,  and  ligo,  to  bind. 

ALLITERATION,  s.  Beginning  several  successive 
words  with  the  same  letter.  L.  ad  and  litera,  [adhe- 
ring] to  a  letter. 

ALLUDE.  V.  To  speak  of  indirectly.  L.  alludo;  from 
arf,  towards,  and  ludo^  to  play, — perhaps  originally 
used  respecting  the  episodes  of  a  lively  composition. 

ALLURE.  V.  To  entice.  F.  c,  to,  and  leurre^  a  decoy? 
or  bait. 

ALLUSION,  s.    A  hint.    L.    See  ALLUDE. 

ALLUVIAL,  adj.   Relating  to  alluvion. 

ALLUV^ION.  s.  That  which  is  carried  by  a  flood;  as 
land  formed  near  a  river.  F.  alluvion:  L.  alluvio,  an 
inundation  of  water;  alluo,  to  flow  near  to  :  adj  to,  and 
luo,  to  wash  away. 

ALLY.  5.  A  confederate.  F.  allie;  c,  to,  and  Her,  (L. 
ligoj  to  tie. 

ALPHA  TO  OMEGA.  From  the  beginning  to  the 
end  :  alfilia  is  the  first,  and  omega  the  last  letter,  of 
the  Greek  alphabet. 

ALPHABET,  s.  The  letters  of  a  language.  G.  al^iha 
and  beta,  the  first  two  letters  of  the  Greek  alphabet. 

ALTAR,  s.  A  place  raised  for  worship.  L.  altare;  from 
altus,  high. 

ALTER.  V.  To  change.  L.  alter,  another. 

ALTERCATION.  5.  Dispute.  Y  .altercation:  \^.  alter- 
catio;  from  alterco,  to  contend. 

ALTERNATIVE,  s.  Choice  of  two  things.  F.  alter- 
natif;  L.  alterno,  every  second  thing. 

ALTITUDE,  s.  Height.  L.  altitudo;  from  altus,  high. 

AMALGAM,  s.  A  composition  of  metals.  G.  a?na,  to- 
gether, and  ga?neo,  to  marry. 


AMA—AMI 

AMALGAMATE,  v.  To  form  into  amalgam ;  to  unite 

intimately.     See  AMALGAM. 
AMANUENSIS,   s.  A  writer  employed  by  an  author, 

Sec.   L.  amanuensis  ;  ivom  ad^  in  place  of,  and  manus^ 

a  hand. 
AMASS,  -v.  To  accumulate.  F.  amassev;  L.  ad^  to,  and 

massa^  a  heap. 
AMATEUR,   s.    A  lover  of  any  particular  pursuit  or 

system.    F.  amateur;  L.  amatory  a  lover;  from  amo, 

to  love. 
AMATORY,  adj.  Relating  to  love.  L.  c7;ia^or,  alover; 

from  amoy  to  love. 
AMAZON,  s.  One  of  the  warlike  nation  of  women  who 

inhabited  Caucasus;  said  to  have  cut  off  their  breasts, 

that  they  might  the  more  easily  use  their  weapons. 

G.  a,  not,  and  mazos^  a  breast. 
AMBASSADOR,  s.  A  state  messenger.    F.  aiyibassa- 

deur ;    L.  ambio^  to  go  about,  or  make  interest  for. 
AMBIDEXTROUS,    adj.    Expert   Avith  both  hands. 

L.   ainbidexter ;  from  ambo^  both,  and  dexter y  right- 
handed. 
AMBIGUOUS,  adj.  Having  a  double  meaning;  doubt- 
ful.   L.  ambiguus;  from  ambo^  both. 
AMBITION.   8.   Desire  of  eminence,  lu.  ambit io;  ivoxn. 

ambioy  to  go  about,  or  solicit. 
AMBROSIA,   s.   The  imaginary  food  of  the  gods.     G. 

ambrosia;  from  arnbrotos,  immortal. 
AMBUSCADE,   s.   A  hostile  concealment.   F.  eiyibus- 

cade;  eriy  in,  and  bois^  a  wood. 
AMENABLE,  adj.  Responsible;  tractable.  F.  fl!7we572a- 

ble ;   L.  einendoy  to  reform.     See  AMEND. 
AMEND.  V.  To  reform.  L.  e7ne72f/o;  comp.  of  e,  from, 

and  menda^  a  blemish. 
AMENITY,  s.  Agreeableness.  L.  a7}icenitas;  from  a?7ice' 

nusj  pleasant  to  the  eye:  mcenia^  cities. 
A  MEA'SA  ET  THORO.  From  bed  and  board.  L.  a, 

from,  mensa^  a  table,  et^  and,  thoro^  abl.  of  thorus^  a 

bed. 
AMERCE.    V.    To  fine.     F.    amercier ;   L.   merces,   a 

penalty. 
AMIABLE,    adj.    Lovely;  virtuous.    F.    aiiiiable :    L. 

amOy  to  love. 


AMI— ANA 

AMICABLE,   adj.  Friendly.  L.  aijiicabilis ;  {rom  ajno, 

to  love. 
AMITY.  5.  Friendship  ;  peace.  F.  amltie  ;  L.  amicitia: 

afno,  to  love. 
AMNESTY,  s.  An  act  of  oblivion.  G.  aimiestia ;  from 

a,  not,  and  mnaomai.)  to  remember. 
AMOROUS,  adj.  Loving;  lustful.  L.  amor^  love. 
AMOR-PATRIM.  The  love  of  one's  country.  L.  amor^ 

love.,  patriis.)  gen.  oi  fiatria.,  a  country. 
AMPHIBIOUS,  adj.  Capable  of  living  in  different  ele- 
ments.  G.  amfihi.,  opposite,  and  bios.,  life;  that  is,  en- 
joying  life  on  land  or  in  water.     But  the  etymology  of 
this  word  does  not  coniine  its  relation  to  land  and  water; 
though  it  is  erroneously  supposed  to  be  thus  limited. 
Were  it  compounded,  in  part,  of  amfiho.,  both,  it  should 
be  written  amfihobious  ;  but,  as  it  is  amfihi^  (contra.,) 
opposite,  the  word  is  rightly  spelled — amjihibious. 
AMPHITHEATRE,  s.  A  circular  or  oval  building;  of 
which,  the  area,  or  pit,  is  reserved  for  exhibitions,  and 
surrounded  by  seats,  one  above  another.  G.  am/iliithea- 
tron ;  from  amjihi.,  around,  and  theaomai.,  to  see. 
AMPLE,  adj.  Sufficient.  F.  amfile ;  L.  amfilus.,  large. 
AMPLIFY.  V.   To  enlarge.    F.  amfilijier ;  L.  amplua^ 

large,  and^o,  to  be  made. 
AMPUTATE,  -v.  To  cut  off.  L.  amfiuto.  comp.  of  ab^ 

from,  and^z/^o,  to  lop. 
AMUSE.  V.  To  entertain.  F.  amuser ;  L.  musa^  a  song 

or  fK)em. 
ANABAPTIST,  s.  One  who  opposes  the  baptism  of  in- 
fants. G.  ana,  again,  and  bafito.,  to  wash  ;  because 
the  original  followers  of  that  doctrine,  had  been  chris- 
tened w^hen  children,  and  were  again  baptized,  when 
adults,  by  immersion. 
ANACHRONISM,  s.  Error  in  computing  time.  F.  ana- 

chronisme  ;  G.  a72a,  against,  and  chronos.,  time. 
ANACREONTIQUE.'  s.    A  poem   in  the  manner  of 

Anacreon.,  of  Ionia;  who  wrote  in  Greek. 
ANAGRAM,  s.  A  conceit,  arising  from  the  transposi- 
tion of  letters.  G.  a/za,  opposite  to,  and  gramma.,  a 
letter. 
ANALECTIC.  adj.  Selecting.  G.  ana^  again,  and  lek~ 
tos^  collected. 


ANA—ANG 

ANALOGY,  s.  Resemblance.  F.  analogic  j  G.  analogia  i 
from  ana^  with,  and  logos,  a  word. 

ANALYSIS,  s.  Separation.  G.  analusis  ;  from  ana,  se- 
parately, and  liio,  to  dissolve. 

ANALYTIC,  or  ANALYTICAL.  By  analysis;  exam- 
ining minutely:    See  ANALYSIS. 

ANARCHY,  s.  National  confusion.  G.  anarchia ;  from 
a,  without,  and  arche,  government. 

ANATOMY,  s.  The  art  of  dissection.  G.  anatomia; 
from  ana,  separately,  and  temno,  to  cut. 

ANCESTOR,  s.  A  family  predecessor.  L.  antecessor ; 
from  ante,  before,  and  cessum,  sup.  of  cedo,  to  go. 
Ancestor  has,  rationally,  the  same  meaning  as  prede- 
cessor; but  is  used  only  in  relation  to  a  person  of  the 
same  blood. 

ANCHOR,  s.  An  instrument  for  holding  a  ship  in  a  cer- 
tain place.    L.  anchora  ;  G.  ankure,  safety. 

ANCHORITE,  s.  A  religious  recluse.  G.  anachoreo,  to 
withdraw. 

ANCIENT,  adj.  Of  great  age.  F.  ancien  ;  L.  ante,  be- 
fore. 

ANCILLARY,  adj.  Subservient.  L.  ancilla,  a  maid-ser- 
vant. 

ANECDOTE,  s.  Secret  history;  biographical  incident. 
G.  anekdoto7i;  from  a,  not,  and  ekdidoni,  to  publish. 

ANEMOGRAPHY,  s.  Descriptioivof  the  cause  of  the 
winds.    G.  anemos,  the  wind,  and  grafiho,  to  write. 

ANEMOMETER,  s.  An  instrument  for  measuring  the 
power  or  velocity  of  the  wind.  G.  anemos,  the  wind, 
and  metreo,  to  measure. 

ANEMOSCOPE,  s.  An  instrument  to  show  the  di- 
rection of  the  wind.  G.  anemos,  the  wind,  and  skofieo, 
to  view. 

ANEURISM,  s.  An  irregular  dilation  of  an  artery.  G. 
aneuro,  to  dilate. 

ANGEL,  s.  A  celestial  inhabitant,  or  messenger.  G.  an- 
gello,  to  deliver  a  message. 

ANGLE,  s.  A  term  in  mathematics.  L.  angulus,  a  cor- 
ner. 

AJVGLICFJ.  In  English.  L.  Anglice:  Anglicus,  English. 

ANGUISH,  s.  Excessive  pain.  F.  angoisse ;  L.  ango, 
to  strangle. 


ANI— ANO 

ANIMADVERT,  x'.  To  censure.  L.  animadverto;  from 
animiim^  the  mind:  ad^  to^  verto,  to  turn. 

ANIMAL.  6-.  A  living  creature.  L.  ani}nal^  a  living  crea- 
ture; G.  a;z/7?za,  breath. 

ANIMATE.  V.  To  enliven.  L.  a/n'mo.— See  ANIMAL. 

ANIMOSITY,  s.  Vehement  hatred,  l^.animositas;  from 
animus^  resolution,  passion. 

ANNALS,  s.  History,  in  which  the  events  arc  recorded 
in  yearly  succession.  L.  annales;  from  annus^  a  year. 

ANNEX.  V.  To  unite.  L.  annexu?n,  sup.  of  annecto; 
ad^  to,  and  necto^  to  join. 

ANNIHILATE,  v.  To  destroy.  L.  ar/,  to,  and  nihil^  no- 
thing. 

ANNIVERSARY,  s.  Yearly  return.  L.  anniver sarins; 
from  a?2«2,  of  a  year,  and  versus.^  a  turning:  annus  and 

.^A'.VO  DOMIJVI,  or  A.  D.  The  sign  of  the  Christian 
era.  L.  anno^  in  the  year,  Domini^  of  our  Lord. 

AK^'O  MUXDI^  or  A.  M.  A  term  in  chronology,  re- 
ferring to  the  creation.  L.  anno^  in  the  year,  mu7idi^oi 
the  vvorld. 

ANNOTATOR.  s.  A  commentator.  L.  annotator;  from 
ad^  concerning,  and  noto^  to  mark. 

ANNOUNCE.  V.  To  proclaim.  L.  annuncio;  from  ad^ 
to,  and  nuncio^  to  relate. 

.i/AVVO  URBIS  COjYDIT.^,  or  A.  U.  C.  A  term  in 
Roman  chronology.  L.  a7i7io,  in  the  year,  urdis,  of  the 
■-  city,  (Rome,)  condita,  being  built. 

ANNOY.  V.  To  molest.  F.  annoijer;  L.  ad^  to,  and  ?zo- 
ceo^  to  hurt. 

ANNUAL,  adj.  Yearly.  F.  annuel:  L.  annus^  a  year. 

ANNUITY,  s.  Yearly  allowance.  F.  annuite;  L.  annus^ 
a  year,  and  itum^  sup.  of  eo,  to  go,  or  proceed. 

ANNUL.  IK  To  abolish.  L.  ad^  to,  and  nullus^  of  no  ac- 
count. 

ANNULAR,  adj.  In  the  form  of  a  ring.  L.  annulusj  a 
ring. 

ANODYNE.  5.  A  mitigator  of  pain.  G.  ana^  against, 
and  odnne,  pain. 

ANOINT.  V.  To  rub  with  ointment.  F.  enoint,  part,  of 
enoindre;  L.  m,  upon,  and  unctio,  ointment. 


ANO— ANT 

ANOMALOUS,  adj.  Irregular.  G.  a,  not,  and  noma; 

a  law. 
ANONYMOUS,  adj.  Without  a  name.  L.  a7i07iymus: 

G.  c,  without,  and  ojiuina^  a  name. 
ANTAGONIST,  s.  An  opponent.  F.  antagoniste:  G. 

anti.,  against,  and  agonizo.,  to  contend. 
ANTARCTIC,  adj.  A  term  in  astronomy.  G.  anr/,  op- 
posite, and  arctic. 
ANTECEDENT,  s.  That  which  goes  before.  L.  ante^ 

cedens;  from  ante,  before,  and  ctdens,  part,  of  csdo^ 

to  go. 
ANTEDATE,  v.  To  date  earlier  tlian  the  proper  time. 

L.  ante^^  before,  and  dale. 
ANTEDILUVIAN,  adj.  Existing  before  the  flood.  L. 

ante,  before,  and  dilu~vhim,  a  deluge. 
ANTEMERIDIAN,  or  A.  M.    L.  ante,  before,  inert- 

dies,  noon. 
ANTEPENULT,  s.  The  last  syllable  except  two.  L. 

antejienulthna ;  ante,  before, /z <?«<?,  almost,  ultimus,  the 

last. 
ANTERIOR,  adj.  Previous.  L.  anterior,  the  compar. 

form  of  a72te,  before. 
ANTHEM,   s.  A  hymn,  sung  in  alternate  parts;  any 

holy  song.  G.  anthuvinos;  from  anti,  opposite  to,  and 

kumneo,  to  sing  in  verse,  or  to  praise. 
ANTHROPOPHAGI,  s.  Eaters  of  human  flesh.  G.  ayu 

throfios,  a  man,  and  phago,  to  eat. 
ANTICHRISTIAN.  cf/y.  Opposed  to  Christianity.  G. 

anti,  against,  and  Christian. 
ANTICIPATE.  V.  To  act  or  think  before  an  event.  L. 

anticijio;  from  ante,  before,  and  cafiio,  to  take. 
ANTIC,  adj.  Strange;  ridiculous.  L.  antiqiius,  ancient. 
ANTICLIMAX.  s\  A  sentence,  of  which  the  last  part 

expresses  something  lower  than  the  first.  G.  aiiti,  op- 
posite to,  and  climax. 
ANTIDOTE.   8.  A  remedy  for  poison.   G.  antidotos; 

from  anti,  against,  and  dotos,  given. 
ANTIFEBRILE,  adj.  Efiicacious  against  fever.  G.  anti^ 

against,  and  'L.febris,  a  fever. 
ANTIFEDERALIST.  s.  A  person  who  was  opposed  to 

the  tenor  of^the  federal  constitution  of  the  United 

States  of  America.  G.  ami,  against,  and  federalist. 


ANT— APH 

ANTIPATHY,  s.  Fixed  dislike.  G.  and,  iigainst,  and 

pathos.^  feelini;-. 
ANTIPHONY.  5.  An  echo.  G.  anti^  against,  andy///o- 

72  e,  a  voice. 
ANTIPHRASIS.  s.  An  expression  in  which  the  words 

are  used  in  a  sense  opposite  to  their  just  meaning.  G. 

anti^  opposite  to,  send  /i/i7'asis,  a  form  of  Speech. 
ANTIPODES.  5.  People  who  live  on  opposite  meridi- 
ans, and  in  opposite  latitudes.    G.  a?iti,  opposite  to, 

and  /lodes,  feet. 
ANTIQUARY,  s.  A  searcher  of  ancient  things.  L.  an- 

tiquarius;  froin  ante^  before,  and  quaro^  to  seek. 
ANTISCORBUTIC,    adj.  Efficacious  against  scurvy. 

G.  a7iti^  against,  and  scorbutic. 
ANTISEPTIC,  adj.  Preventive  of  putrefaction.  F.  an- 

tisejitique:  G.  anti.,  against,  and  sepo^  to  putrefy. 
ANTISPASMODIC,   adj.  Efficacious   against  cramp. 

G.  ant'i^  against,  and  sjiasinos^  the  cramp. 
ANTITHESIS,    s.  Contrast  in  words.    G.  antithesis; 

from  anti^  against,  and  theo,  to  put. 
ANTCECI.  s.  People  who  live  in  opposite  latitudes,  on 

the  same  meridian.  G.  anti^  opposite  to,  and  oikeo,  to 

dwell. 
ANXIETY,  s.  Trouble  of  mind  about  a  future  event. 

L.  anxietas;  from  «;^^>*or,  anguish:  ango^  to  strangle. 
APARTMENT,  s.  A  chamber.  F.  ajiartement:  L.  a,  of, 

and  pars,  a  part. 
APATHY,  s.  Want  of  feeling,  or  of  passion.  G.  «,  with- 
out, and  pathos,  feeling. 
APEPSIA,  or  APEPSY.  s.  Want  of  natural  concoction ; 

vulgarly,  a  heart -burn.  G.  apepsia;  from  «,  not,  and 

epso,  to  boil. 
APERIENT,    adj.  A  gentle  purgative.    L.   apcriens, 

part,  of  aperio,  to  open. 
APERTURE,  s.  An  opening.  L.  aperture;  from  aperio, 

to  open. 
APEX.  s.  The  point.  L.  apex,  the  top. 
APHELION,  s.  That  part  in  the  orbit  of  any  planet, 

which  is  the  most  remote  from  the  sun.  G.  apo,  from, 

and  helios,  the  sun. 
APHCERISIS.  s.  A  figure  of  speech,  bv  vrliich  a  letter 
[3*] 


APH— APP 

or  syllable  is  taken  from  the  beginning  of  a  word.  G. 
upkairesis;  comp.  oi  apo,  fronn,  and  aireo,  to  take. 

APHORISM,  s.  A  maxim.  G.  afihorisjuos;  comp.  of 
fi/20,  from,  and  orizo^  to  define. 

APIARY,  s.  A  place  for  bees.  L.  afiis^  a  bee. 

APOCALYPSE,  s.  Revelation;  the  last  book  of  the 
New  Testament.  G.  afiokahipto^  to  uncover. 

APOCRYPHA,  s.  Of  uncertain  authority.  Q.apokrvp- 
ta;  from  c/20,  far  off,  and  krufito^  to  hide. 

APOLOGUE,  s.  A  kind  of  fable.  G.  afiologos;  from 
apo^  far  off,  and  logos,  a  discourse;  alluding  to  the  na- 
ture of  fable;  which  inculcates  one  thing  by  the  rela- 
tion of  another. 

APOLOGY,  s.  Excuse.  G.  apologia;  from  apo,  after, 
and  logos,  a  speech ;  that  is,  an  explanation  subse- 
Cjuent  to  the  offence. 

APOPLEXY,  s.  A  general  deprivation  of  animal  sensa- 
tion. G.  apoplexis;  from  c/20,  through,  2Ci\^  plesso,  to 
strike. 

APOSTATE.  5.  One  who  has  deserted  his  former  pro- 
fession, either  in  politics  or  religion.  G.  apostates; 
apo,  from,  and  estaotos,  part,  of  istimi,  to  stand. 

APOSTLE,  s.  A  person  deputed.  G.  apostolos;  from 
a/20,  from,  and  stello,  to  send. 

APOSTROPHE',  s.  A  diversion  of  speech,  to  another 
person  or  thing.  G.  apostrophe:  comp.  of  apo,  from, 
and  strepho,  to  turn. 

APOTHECARY,  s.  A  compounder  of  medicines.  L. 
apotheca,  a  wine-cellar,  or  store-house. 

APOTHEGM,  s.  A  maxim  delivered  extempore.  G.  apo- 
phthegma:  apo,  without  [consideration],  and  phthen- 
gomai,  to  speak. 

APOTHEOSIS.  5.  Heathenish  deification.  G.  apotheo- 
sis: from  apo,  (a  word  of  multifarious  signification,) 
and  theos,  a  god. 

APPAL,  -v.  To  affright.  F.  appalir;  L.  ad,  at,  palleo, 
to  look  pale. 

APPANAGE,  s.  An  appurtenance  of  land.  F.  apanage; 
from  appendre,  to  hang :  L.  ad,  to,  and  pendo,  to  hang. 

APPARATUS,  s.  Utensils.  L.  apparatus;  from  ad, 
for,  and  paro,  to  prepare. 


APP— APP 

APPAREL,  s.  Dress.  F.  a/i/iareil,  furniture ;— See  AP- 
PARATUS. 

APPARENT,  adj.  Easily  seen.  L.  a/i/iarens,  part,  of 
a/ipareo;  from  ad,  to,  and /mre'o,  to  appear. 

APPARITION,  s.  An  ideal  spectre.  L.  apficweo,  to 
appear. 

APPEAL.  V.  To  refer.  L.  a/i/iello,  to  apply  to :  ad  and 
Jielio. 

APPEAR.  V.  To  come  in  view.  L.  ajifiareo,  to  appear: 
ad  and  fiareo. 

APPEASE.  V.  To  quiet.  F.  apfiaiser;  a,  to,  and  fiaix^ 
peace:  L.  ad  and //«a:. 

APPELLATE,  adj.  Appellate  jurisdiction  is  the  power 
of  hearing  appeals. — See  APPEAL. 

APPELLATION,  s.  A  name.  L.  afipellatio;  from  ad^ 
to,  and  jiello,  to  strike  or  effect:  so  as  to  draw  atten- 
tion. 

APPEND.  V.  To  hang  or  attach.  L.  afifiendo:  ad,  to, 
and  fiendo,  to  hang. 

APPENDIX,  s.  A  supplement.  L.  afiiiendix, — See  AP- 
PEND. 

APPERTAIN.  V,  To  belong  (with  to.)  F.  appertenir: 
L.  ad,  to,  and  perteneo,  to  belong:  perteneo  is  from 
per,  by,  and  teneo,  to  hold. 

APPETITE.  5,  Desire.  L.  appetitio;  from  ad,  for,  and 
peto,  to  ask. 

APPLAUD.  V.  To  praise.  L.  applaudo:  ad,  to,  and 
laudo,  ov plaudo,  to  give  praise. 

APPLICABLE,  adj.  Suitable;  attributable;  F.  applica- 
ble.^^QC  APPLY. 

APPLY.  V.  To  join  ;  to  have  recourse  (with  to.')  L.  ap- 
plico;  from  ad,  to,  and  plico,  to  fold. 

APPOINT,  -v.  To  fix,  or  mark  out.  F.  appointer;  L.  ad^ 
to,  and  pun c tic 7)1,  sup.  oi pungo,  to  point. 

APPORTION,  -y.  To  assign  in  parts.  L.  ad,  to,  and  por- 
tion. 

APPOSITE,  adj.  Proper;  appropriate.  L.  appositiis; 
from  af/,  to,  axid  positus,  p.  part,  oi pono,  to  place. 

APPOSITION,  s.  Addition  of  new  matter;  agreement 
of  nouns.  L.  appositio. — See  APPOSITE. 

APPRAISE.  V.  To  fix  a  price  on.  F.  apprecier;  L.  ad^ 
to,  iind  premium,  a  price. 


APP— AQU 

APPRECIATE.  V.  To  be  conscious  of  value.  F.  ajifire- 

c^vr.— .See  APPRAISE. 
APPREHEND,  -v.  To  seize;  to  understand.  L.  afiiire- 

hendo;  from  ad^  to  or  at,  and  jirehendo^  to  catch. 
APPRENTICE,  8.  One  who  is  bound  by  covenant  to 

remain  with  another  for  a  certain  period,  in  order  that 

he  may  acquire  knowledge  of  an  art  or  trade.  F.  afi- 

prenti:  apjirendre^  to  learn. 
APPRIZE.  V.  To  inform.  F.  apjiris^  part,  oi  afiprendre^ 

to  inform, 
APPROACH,   -v.  To  come  near.  F.  approcher;  from 

G,  tOy  and  proche^  near. 
APPROBATION,  s.  Approval.    L.  approbatio;  from 

approbo^  to  approve. 
APPROPRIATE,  -v.  To  assign  to  some  particular  use. 

L.  ad^  to,  and  proprius^  special  or  particular. 
APPROVE,  -v.  To  like.  F.  approuver.  L.  approbo^  to 

approve. 
APPROXIMATE,  v.  To  approach.  L.  ad,  to,  and/^rox^ 

m2is,  next. 
APPURTENANCE,  s.  A  thing  appertaining.— See  AP- 
PERTAIN. 
APRIL,  s.  The  fourth  month.  L.  Aprilis;  from  aperio, 

to  open;  because,  in  April,  the  blossoms  are  unfolding. 
A  PRIORI.  In  the  first  instance;  a  phrase  in  logic,  op- 
posed to  a  posteriori.  L.  a.  iromy  priori,  abl.  (A prior, 

the  former. 
APROPOS.  To  the  purpose;  well-timed.  F.  a,  to,  pro- 

pos,  the  purpose. 
APT.  adj.   Fit;  inclined;  ready.   L.  aptns,  p.  part,  of 

apio,' to  fit,  or  adapt. 
APTOTE.  s.  An  indeclinable  noun.  G.  a,  without,  and 

ptosis,  a  case. 
AQUAFORTIS,  s.  Sulphite  of  nitre.  L.  aqua,  water, 

2X\(\.  fortis,  (gen.  ofj'ors^  of  strength. 
AQUAREGIA.    «.   Nitro-muriatic   acid,   aqua,  water, 

and  regia,  (fem.  of  regius,  royal):  this  mixture  will. 

dissolve  gold;  hence,  its  princely  title. 
AQUARIUS,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac.  L.  aquarius,  a 

water-bearer. 
AQUATIC,   adj.   Relating  to  any  thing  that  inhabits 

Avater.  L.  aquaticus;  from  aqua,  water. 


AQU—ARC 

\QUAVIT.E.  s.  A  strong  spirituous  liquor.  L.  aqua^ 
water,  vitcSy  of  life.  (It  should  rather  be  named  aqua 
mortis,  the  water  of  death.) 

AQUEDUCT.  8.  An  artificial  conveyance  for  water. 
L.  aqiicsductus;  aqua,  water,  and  ductus,  (from  duco^ 
to  lead,)  a  guidance. 

AQUILINE,  adj.  An  aquiline  nose  resembles  an  eagle's 
beak.  L.  aquilinus;  from  aquila,  an  eagle. 

ARABLE,  adj.  Fit  for  cultivation.  L.  arabilis;  aro,  to 
plough. 

ARBITER.  8.  A  judge;  one  who  has  the  power  of 
direction.  L.  arbiter,  an  arbitrator,  or  ruler. 

ARBITRARY,  adj..  Despotic;  independent  of  rules.  L. 
arbitrariiis. — See  ARBITER. 

ARBITRATOR,  s.  A  judge,  chosen  by  mutual  consent. 
arbitror,  to  award. — See  ARBITER. 

ARBORESCENT,  adj.  Growing  in  the  form  of  a  tree. 
L.  arborescens,  part,  oi  arboresco:  arbor,  a  tree. 

ARBOUR.  8.  A  bower.  L.  arbor,  a  tree. 

ARC.  8.  Part  of  a  circle.  L.  arcus,  a  bow  or  arch;  be- 
cause these  describe  only  part  of  a  circle. 

ARCADE.  8.  An  arched  walk.  F.  arcade;  L.  arcus. — ■ 
See  ARC. 

ARCANUM.  8.  A  secret.  L.  arcanum;  from  area,  a 
chest,  coffin,  or  tomb :  secrets  are  hidden,  as  in  a  chest. 

ARCH.  8.  Part  of  a  circle.  L.  a?*c«*.— See  ARC. 

ARCHANGEL,  s.  One  of  the  highest  order  of  angels. 
G.  archosy  chief,  and  angel. 

ARCHBISHOP,  s.  A  chief  bishop.  G.  archos,  chief,  and 
bishop. 

ARCHER.  5.  One  who  uses  a  bow.  L.  arcus,  a  bow. 

ARCHETYPE,  s.  The  original.  L.  archetyfius;  G. 
arche,  the  beginning,  and  tufihos,  form. 

ARCHITECT,  s.  A  master-builder.  L.  architectus;  G. 
archos,  chief,  and  tekton,  a  builder. 

ARCHIVES.  8.  A  place  for  public  records;  or  the  re- 
cords themselves.  L.  archiva ;  from  arche,  a  govern- 
ment. 

ARCTIC,  adj.  Relating  to  the  arctic  circle,  or  to  the 
north.  G.  arktos,  a  bear,  the  name  given  to  the  north- 
ern  constellation, 


ARD— ARR 

ARDENT,  adj.  Hot;  eager.  L.  ardens;  from  ardeo,  to 
burn. 

ARDUOUS,  adj.  Difficult.  L.  arduus,  inaccessible; 
lofty,  dangerous. 

AREA.  s.  A  term  in  mathematics,  and  architecture.  L. 
a7'ea,  a  vacant  place. — See  ARENA. 

ARENA,  s.  That  part  of  a  theatre  which  is  left  vacant 
for  the  contests,  or  sports.  L.  arejia^  sand;  because 
the  space  was  strewed  with  sand.  Area  appears  to  be 
derived  from  arena. 

ARGILLACEOUS,  adj.  Partaking  of  the  nature  of 
clay.  L.  argillaceus:  argilla,  white  clay,  such  as  pot- 
ter's use. 

ARGUE,  -v.  To  reason;  to  dispute.  L.  arguo^  to  show 
or  prove. 

ARGUMEJVTUM  AD  HOMIXEM.  An  argument 
which  derives  its  strength  from  its  personal  applica- 
tion. L.  argumentum^  an  argument,  ad.^  to,  hojuinem^ 
accus.  of  homo,  a  man. 

ARID.  adj.  Dry.  L.  aridus,  dry,  parched. 

ARIES,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac.  L.  aries,  a  ram. 

ARISTOCRACY,  s.  A  government  by  nobles.  G.  aris- 
tos,  greatest,  and  kraieo,  to  govern:  meaning,  where 
the  most  powerful  men  govern. 

ARITHMETIC,  s.  The  science  of  numbers.  L.  arith- 
metica:  G.  arith?nos,  a  number,  and  metreo,  to  mea- 
sure. 

ARK.  s.  A  large  chest;  a  vessel  to  swim  on  the  Avater, 
as  the  Ark  of  Noah.  L.  area.,  a  chest. — The  close 
rooms  in  which  meal  is  kept  in  some  parts  of  Britain, 
and  a  species  of  vessels  with  which  the  people  of  the 
United  States  descend  their  rivers,  are  called  arks. 

ARMILLARY.  adj.  Resembling  a  bracelet.  L.  armilla, 
a  bracelet. — See  Ferguson's  description  of  the  globes. 

ARMISTICE,  s.  A  short  truce.  L.  armistitium;  from 
arma.,  arms,  and  .s^o,  to  stand. 

AROMATIC,  adj.  Fragrant.  F.  aromatique:  L.  aroma., 
spice. 

ARRAIGN,  -v.  To  accuse  at  the  bar,  preparatory  to  a 
trial;  to  charge  with  fault.  F.  arranger. — -See  AR- 
RANGE. 


ARR— ASP 

ARRANGE,  v.  To  regulate.  F.  arrajiger;  from  c,  toj 
and  rang,  a  row  or  rank. 

ARREAR.  s.  That  which  is  left  unpaid,  or  not  done.  F. 
arriere,  behind. 

ARREST.  V.  To  stop.  F.  arrester;  L.  ad,  to,  and  res- 
tito,  to  draw  back :  re,  back,  and  sto,  to  stand. 

ARRIVE.  V.  To  come;  to  reach..  F.  arriver;  from  o, 
to,  and  rive,  a  shore. 

ARROGANCE,  s.  Haughtiness.  L.  arrogans,  part,  of 
arro^'o.— See  ARROGATE. 

ARROGATE,  v.  To  assume.  L.  arrogo;  comp.  of  ad, 
from,  and  rogo,  to  demand. 

ARROW,  s.  A  dart.  Derived  through  the  Saxon,  from 
L.  arundo,  a  reed;  because,  reeds  were  used  for  ar- 
rows. 

ARSENAL,  s.  A  military  workshop  or  magazine.  F. 
arsenal;  L.  ars,  an  art  or  trade. 

ARSON.  The  malicious  burning  of  another's  property : 
(used  by  lawyers.)  arsum,  sup.  oi  ardeo,  to  burn. 

ARTERY,  s.  A  tube  or  canal  which  conveys  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  all  parts  of  the  body.  G.  arteria; 
from  arter,  a  thing  which  carries  away. 

ARTICLE,  s.  A  part  of  speech.   L.  articulus,  a  joint. 

ARTICULATE,  -v.  To  pronounce  distinctly.  L.  arti- 
culo;  from  articulus,  a  joint,  or  point. 

ARTIFICE,  s.  Trick.  F.  artifice:  L.  artificium;  from 
arte,  (abl.  oi  ars)  by  art,  and yizc/o,  to  do. 

ARTIFICIAL,  adj.  Made  by  art;  fictitious.—See  AR- 
TIFICE. 

ARTILLERY,  s.  Cannon.  F.  artillerie;  from  art,  art, 
and  tirailler,  to  shoot. 

ASCEND.  V.  To  go  upwards.  L.  ascendo;  from  ad,  to- 
wards, and  scando,  to  climb. 

ASCERTAIN,  v.  To  know  surely.  L.  ad,  to,  and  cer- 
tain. 

ASCETIC,  s.  A  disagreeable  professor  of  religiori.  F. 
ascetique;  G.  asketekos:  askeo,  to  vex. 

7\SCRIBE.  V.  To  attribute.  L.  ascribo;  ad,  to,  and 
scribo,  to  write,  or  appoint;  meaning,  to  assign  an  ef- 
fect to  a  particular  cause. 

ASPECT,  s.  Appearance;  direction  towards.  L.  asfiec- 
tus;  from  ad,  at,  and  sjiecto,  to  look. 


ASP^ASS 

ASPERITY,  s.  Roughness;  severity.  L.  asfieritas;  from 
asper^  rough. 

ASPERSE.  X'.  To  calumniate.  L.  asfiersiim^  sup.  of  a*- 
pergo:  ad^  upon,  and  spargo,  to  sprinkle. 

ASPIRATE,  s.  A  pronunciation  formed  by  a  full  breath- 
ing; as  the  letter  h.  L.  aspiratus,  part,  of  aspiro,  to 
breathe,  or  blow. 

ASPIRE.  V.  To  desire  eagerly  (with  tO',  or  after,).  L. 
aspiro,  to  breathe  or  blow. 

ASSAFCETIDA.  s.  A  particular  drug.  L.  assus,  un- 
mixed, and  fatidus,  bad-smelling  matter;  that  is,  en- 
tirely fetid.  This  word  is  sometimes  improperly  spell- 
ed asafoetida. 

ASSAIL,  V.  To  assault.  F.  assailer;  L.  assilio:  ad,  at, 
and  salio,  to  leap. 

ASSAULT,  s.  Attack;  hostile  violence.  F.  assauty 
(formerly  assault:)  L.  ad,  at,  and  saltus,  p.  part,  of 
salio,  to  leap. 

ASSAY,  s.  Examination.  F.  essayer,  to  try. 

ASSEMBLY,  s.  A  meeting  of  people.  F.  assewblee; 
from  a,  to,  and  semblable,  like;  meaning,  resembling 
each  other,  or  of  equal  quality;  L.  ad,  to,  and  shnilisy 
like.  This  word  conveys  a  meaning  different  from  as- 
semblage. 

ASSENT.  V.  To  agree.  L.  assentio;  ad,  with,  and  sen- 
tio,  to  think. 

ASSERT,  s.  To  maintain,  or  affirm.  L.  assertum;  sup. 

.    of  assero,  to  assert. 

ASSESS,  s.  To  apportion,  or  tax.  L.  assessum,  sup.  of 
assideo;  from  ad,  concerning,  and  sedeo,  to  sit;  or  ad, 
to,  and  cessum,  sup.  of  cedo,  to  yield. 

ASSETS,  s.  Funds  or  property  sufficient  for  a  demand, 
F.  assez,  enough. 

ASSEVERATE,  -v.  To  declare  earnestly.  L.  assevero: 
ad,  to,  and  severiias,  seriousness. 

ASSIDUOUS,  adj.  Constant  in  application.  L.  assidu^ 
us:  ad,  at,  and  sedeo,  to  sit. 

ASSIGN,  -iy.  To  appoint,  or  depute.  L.  assignoj  from  ad, 
for,  and  signo,  to  mark. 

ASSIGNEE,  s.  One  appointed.—See  ASSIGN. 

ASSIMILATE,  -u.  To  cause  resemblance.  L.  aseimiloj 
from  ad,  to,  and  similis^  like. 


ASS— ASY 

ASSIST.  V.  To  help.  L.  assisto:  ad,  at,  and  sisto^  to 

continue. 
ASSIZE.  .V.  Regulation:  (^assizes,  meeting  of  provincial 

law-courts.)  V.  assis,  a  sitting;  pi.  assises. 
ASSOCIATE.  V.  To  unite.  L.  associo:  ad,  to,  and  so- 

cius,  a  companion. 
ASSORT.  V.  To  place  in  classes.    F.  assortir;  L.  ad^ 

to,  and  sors,  a  kind. 
ASSUAGE.  V.  To  mitigate;   to  ease.    L,  ad,  to,  and 

suadeo,  to  persuade,  or  counsel. 
ASSUASIVE.  adj.  Softening.  L.  ad,  to,  and  sausio,  a 

counselling. — See  ASSUAGE. 
ASSUME,  -u.  To  take;  to  usurp.  L.  assumo;  from  ad, 

to,  and  sumo,  to  take. 
ASSUMPSIT.    An  action  of  assumpsit  lies  against  a 

builder,  or  any  other  person,  who  has  failed  to  per- 
form his   contract.   L.  assumjisit,  (from  assumo,)  he 

undertook. 
ASSURE.  V.  To  give  confidence;  to  insure.  F.  assurer: 

L.  securus,  safe. 
ASTERISK,  s.  A  mark  (*)  used  in  printing.  G.  aster- 

iskos,  dim.  of  aster,  a  star. 
ASTHMA,  s.  A  difficult,  short  respiration.  G.  asthma, 

a  puff. 
ASTONISH.  V.  To  confound  ;  to  amaze.  F.  etonner, 

(formerly  estonner);  L.  ad,  at,  and  tono,  to  thunder. 
ASTOUND,  -u.  To  astonish,  (a  vulgarism.)  F.  etonner, 

(formerly  estonner.) — See  ASTONISH. 
ASTRAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  stars.  L.  astrum,  2l  star. 
ASTRINGENT,  adj.  Contracting.  L.  astringens,  part. 

o{  astringo:  from  ad,  to,  and  strmgo,  to  truss  up,  or 

bind. 
ASTROLABE,  s.  An  instrument  formerly  used  for  as- 
certaining latitudes.  G.  astroii,  a  star,  and  lambano, 

to  find  out. 
ASTROLOGY,  s.  The  pretended  science  of  foretelling 

by  the  stars.  L.  astrologia:  G.  astron,  a  star,  and  lo- 
gos, a  discourse. 
ASTRONOMY,  s.  Knowledge  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 

G.  astronomia;  from  astron,  a  star,  and  nomos,  a  law 

or  rule. 
ASYLUM,  s.  Place  of  safety.  L.  asylum;  G.  a,  without. 


ATH— ATT 

and  sulon^  part,  of  sulao^  to  pillage:  meaning,  free 

from  robbery,  or  hurt. 
ATHEIST,  s.  One  Avho  denies  the  existence  of  God. 

G.  a,  without,  and  Theos^  God. 
ATHLETIC,  adj.  Of  a  strong  and  vigorous  body.  L. 

athleticus:   G.  athletes^  a  wrestler. 
ATMOSPHERE,  s.  The  air  which  surrounds  the  earth. 

G.  atmos^  vapour,  and  sphaira^  a  sphere. 
ATOM.  s.  A  very  small  particle.  G.  atomos;  from  c, 

not,  and  temno^  to  cut :  meaning,  that  it  cannot  be  di- 
vided. 
ATROCITY,  s.  Great  wickedness.  L.  atrocitas;  airox, 

cruel. 
ATROPHY,  s.  Debility,  for  want  of  due  nourishment. 

G.  atrofihia;  from  c,  not,  and  trepho^  to  nourish. 
ATTACH.  V.  To  join;  to  arrest.  F.  attacher;  L.  ad^  at 

or  to,  and  tactum^  sup.  of  tango^  to  touch. 
ATTAIN.  V.  To  procure;  to  reach.  L.  attineo:  ad,  to, 

and  teneo,  to  hold  fast. 
ATTAINDER,  s.  By  attainder,  the  estate  of  the  con- 
victed person  reverts  to  his  superior  lord;   and  his 

blood  is,  in  a  legal  sense,  so  corrupted,  as  to  be  no 

longer  inheritable.  F.  atteindre,  to  reach,  or  touch. 
ATTAINT.  V.  To  disgrace;  particularly,  by  conviction 

of  felony  or  treason. — See  ATTAINDER. 
ATTEMPT.  V.  To  endeavour.  L.  atteiito;  from  ad^  at, 

and  tejito^  to  try. 
ATTEND.  V.  To  give  attention,  or  aid;  to  be  present 

at.  L.  attendo;  from  ad,  to,  and  tendo,  to  stretch  out. 
ATTENUATE,  v.  To  make  thin,  or  slender.  L.  at- 

tenuo;  comp.  oi  ady  to,  and  tenuis,  slender. 
ATTEST.  V.  To  give  evidence.  L.  attestor;  from  ad, 

to,  and  testis,  a  witness. 
ATTORNEY,  s.  One  who  acts  at  law  for  another.  F. 

c,  for,  and  tournee,  a  journey  or  visit:  hence,  the  F. 

tournellc,  a  criminal  court. 
ATTRACT.  V.  To  draw  towards.  L.  attractum,  sup. 

of  attraho;  from  ad,  towards,  and  traho,  to  draw. 
ATTRIB'UTE.  v.  To  ascribe.  L.  attribuo:  ad,  to,  and 

tribuo,  to  give. 
AT'TRIBUTE.  s.  The  thing  attributed,  or  belonging, 

to  another. — See  the  verb. 


ATT—AUT 

ATTRITION,  s.  Rubbing.  L.  attritio:  ad,  against,  and 
tritus,  p.  part,  of  tero,  to  rub. 

AUCTION,  s.  A  mode  of  sale.  L.  auctio:  auctum,  sup. 
of  augeo,  to  increase,  [from  a  small,  to  a  greater, 
price.] 

AUDACIOUS,  adj.  Daring.  F.  aiidacieux;  L.  audacis, 
gen.  o^  audajc,  bold. 

AUDIBLE,  adj.  Easily  distinguished  by  the  ear.  L, 
audibilis;  from  audio,  to  hear. 

AUDIENCE,  s.  The  act  of  hearing;  hearers.  F.  audi- 
ence; L.  audiens,  part,  oi  audio,  to  hear. 

AUDITOR,  s.  A  hearer ;  an  examiner  of  public  ac- 
counts. L.  auditor;  from  audio,  to  hear. 

AUGUR.  V.  To  conjecture  by  signs;  to  portend.  L.  au- 
gur,  a  soothsayer. 

AUGUST',  adj.  Great;  magnificent.  L.  az^^-w^^z^s,  vene- 
rable, noble. 

AU'GUST.  s.  The  eighth  month.  L.  Augustus  desar. 
—See  AUGUST'. 

AURICULAR,  adj.  Within  the  sense  or  reach  of  hear- 
ing; secret.  L.  auricula,  the  ear. 

AURIST.  s.  An  ear-surgeon.  L.  auris,  an  ear. 

AURORA  BOREALIS.  s.  A  luminous  meteor,  pecu- 
liar to  the  northern  latitudes.  L.  aurora,  the  morning, 
(meaning,  light,)  and  borealis,  belonging  to  the  north. 

AUSPICES,  s.  Omens.  L.  ausfiicium,  a  sign:  sfiecio,  to 
look. 

AUSTERE,  adj.  Harsh;  of  a  distant  manner.  L.  axis- 
terus;  G.  austeros,  harsh. 

AUSTRAL,  adj.  Southern.  L.  australis;  from  auster^ 
the  south. 

AUTHENTIC,  adj.  Proceeding  from  sufficient  autho- 
rity. L.  authenticus ;  G.  authentes,  an  author. 

AUTHOR,  s.  One  who  effects,  or  produces  any  thing. 
L.  auctor;  from  auctus,p.  part,  oi  augeo,  to  increase, 
or  create. 

AUTHORITY,  s.  Testimony;  influence;  power.  From 
author:  because,  authority,  in  its  various  significations, 
must  proceed  from  its  proper  source, — the  author. 

AUTOCRAT,  s.  An  absolute  prince.  G.  autos,  one's- 
self,  and  kratos,  power. 


AUT— AVO 

AUTOGRAPHY,  s.  A  particular  person's  own  hand- 
writing; or  the  original  manuscript,  in  opposition  to  a 
copy.  G.  autografihon;  from  autos,  one's-self,  and 
gra/iho,  to  write. 

AUTOMATON,  s.  A  machine,  which  has  a  power  of 
motion  within  itself.  G.  automatons  autos,  itself,  and 
maomai,  to  be  moved. 

AUXILIARY,  s.  An  assistant.  L.  auxiliarius;  G.  auxo, 
to  increase. 

AVAIL,  -v.  To  aid  in  promoting.  L.  valeoy  to  be  strong, 
or  to  serve. 

AVALANCHES,  s.  Prodigious  snow-balls,  that  fre- 
quently roll  down  the  mountains  in  Savoy.  F.  avalan- 
ches: avaler,  to  fall  down. 

AVAjYT-COURIER.  s.  a  messenger,  sent  forward  to 
announce  the  approach  of  some  great  personage.  F. 
a*vant,  before,  and  courier. 

AVARICE,  s.  Insatiable  desire  of  wealth.  L.  avaritia; 
from  aveo,  to  covet. 

AVENGE.  V.  To  revenge;  to  punish.  F.  venger,  to  re- 
venge. 

AVENUE.  8,  A  way  of  approach.  F.  avenue;  L.  ady 
to,  and  venio,  to  come. 

AVER.  V.  To  declare  solemnly.  F.  averer;  L.  ady  to, 
and  verirniy  the  truth. 

AVERAGE.  V.  To  fix  one  degree  of  value  on  things 
of  various  qualities.  L.  averagiiun:  ad,  to,  verumj 
truth,  and  ago,  to  bring. 

AVERSE,  adj.  Unfavourable;  opposed.  L.  aversus.-— 
See  AVERT. 

A.VERT.  V.  To  turn  from;  to  turn  aside.  L.  averto; 
comp.  of  c,  from,  and  verto,  to  turn. 

AVIARY,  s.  A  place  inclosed  for  birds.  L.  avis,  3. 
bird. 

cWIDITY.  s.  Eagerness.  L.  aviditas:  aveo,  to  desire. 

AVOCATION,  s.  Business  which  calls  a  person  away 
from  his  usual  employment.  L.  avocatio;  a,  from,  and 
■vocoy  to  call. 

AVOIRDUPOIS,  adj.  A  kind  of  weight,  having  16 
ounces  in  a  pound.  F.  avoir  du  fioids,  to  have  just 
weight :  probably,  the  statute,  mercantile  weight,  in- 
troduced into  England  by  the  Normans. 


AXI— BAP 

AXIOM.  5.  A  proposition  evident  at  the  first  view,  and 
which  cannot  be  made  plainer  by  demonstration.  G. 
axio77ia;  from  ajcio-o,  to  be  thought  worthy  [of  be- 
lief.] 

AXIS.  s.  The  line,  real  or  imaginary,  that  passes  through 
any  thing,  and  on  which  it  may  revolve.  L.  axis:  G. 
axo7i;  ago,  to  conduct. 

AZOTE,  s.  Nitrogen;  that  part  of  the  atmospheric  air 
which  will  not  support  life.  F.  azote;  G.  a,  not,  and 
zao,  to  live. 

AZURE,  adj.  Light  blue,  F.  azuj-y  a  sky-coloured  mi- 
neral. 


B. 

BACCHANALIAN.  5.  A  riotous,  drunken  person.  L. 
baccha7ialla,  the  feast  of  Bacchus,  the  god  of  wine. 

BADINAGE,  s.  Playful  conversation.  F.  dadinagej  from 
dadin,  waggish,  merry. 

BAGATELLE,  s.  A  trifle.  F.  bagatelle,  dim.  of  bagage, 
goods  of  any  kind. 

BALANCE,  s.  An  instrument  for  weighing;  difference 
of  weight  or  amount.  F.  balance;  L.  bilanx:  bis,  dou- 
ble, and  lanx,  a  broad  plate,  or  dish. 

BALE.  s.  A  large  bundle.  F.  bale,  a  ball. 

BALL.  s.  An  entertainment  of  dancing.  F.  bal;  G.  bal- 
lizo,  to  dance;  from  ballo,  to  throw,  (meaning  the 
legs.) 

BALLOON,  s.  A  spheroid,  formed  of  silk;  which,  when 
inflated  by  hydrogen  gas,  or  rarefied  air,  ascends.  F. 
balloon;  from  bale,  a  ball. 

BALLOT,  s.  A  mode  of  giving  votes.  F.  balote,  a  lit- 
tle ball  used  at  elections.  The  balloting  balls  were  of 
different  colours;  a  white  ball  denoted  approbation, 
and  a  black  one,  dislike.  In  the  United  States,  small 
tickets  are  used. 

BANKRUPT,  s.  One  who  cannot  pay  his  debts.  Saxon, 
banc,  a  heap,  (alluding  to  the  money  accumulated  in 
banks,)  and  rujitus,  p.  part,  oirumfio,  to  break. 

BAPTIZE.  V,  To  administer  baptism ;  to  christen.  G. 
baptizoy  to  wash,  dip,  or  besprinkle. 
■[•4] 


BAR— BEL 

BARBAROUS,  adj.  Uncivilized;  cruel.  L.  barbarus; 
G.  barbaros^  foreign.  The  Greeks  and  Romans  ap- 
plied this  term,  ultimately,  to  denote  want  of  civiliza- 
tion, as  we  do  at  the  present  time. 

BARBED,  adj.  Pointed  as  an  arrow,  or  a  fishing-hook. 
L.  barba.)  a  beard. 

BARBER,  s.  A  man  who  shaves  beards  for  hire.  F. 
barbier:  L.  barba^  a  beard. 

BARK.  s.  A  small  ship.  F.  barque;  Low  L.  barca,  a 
large  boat. 

BAROMETER,  s.  An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere.  G.  bai^os^  weight,  and 
metreo.,  to  measure. 

BASE.  s.  The  lower  part,  as  of  a  column. — See  BASIS. 

BASE.  adj.  Mean,  dishonest. — See  ABASE. 

BASILISK,  s.  A  kind  of  serpent,  which  is  said  to  af- 
fright away  by  hissing,  and  to  kill  by  looking.  G.  ba~ 
siliskos;  basileus^  a  king. 

BASIS.  *.  The  foundation;  first  principle.  G.  and  L. 
basis^  the  foot  of  a  pillar. 

BASTION,  s.  A  huge  bulwark  used  in  fortification.  F. 
bastion;  from  baster,  to  be  sufficient, — alluding  to  its 
strength. 

BATON.  8.  A  marshal's  staff.  F.  baton.,  a  staff'or  cudgel ; 
L.  batuo^  to  beat. 

BATTERY,  s.  An  assemblage  of  cannon,  for  destroy- 
ing. F.  batterie;  L.  batuo.,  to  strike. 

BAWL.  -v.  To  cry  aloud.  L.  balo^  to  bleat  as  a  sheep. 

BEAT.  -v.  To  strike,  or  conquer.  L.  batuo.,  to  strike. 

BEATIFY.  IK  To  bless.  L.  btatijico;  from  beatus^  hap- 
py, and  facia.,  to  m.ake. 

BEATITUDE,  s.  Happiness,  beatitudo;  from  beatusy 
happy. 

BEAU  MOJVDE.  The  gay  or  fashionable  world.  F.  beau^ 
fine,  and  monde^  the  world. 

BEAUX  ESP  HITS.  Gay  fellows;  men  of  wit.  F.  beaux., 
pi.  of  beauy  pleasant,  and  esfirits,  pi.  of  esprit,  a  spirit. 

BELLES  LETTRES.  s.  Polite  Literature,  (with  the.) 
pronounced  bel-letter.  F.  les  belles  lettres,  polite  learn- 
ing. 

BELLIGERENT,  s.  A  party  in  a  war.  L.  belligerans, 
part,  of  belli^ero:  bellum.,  war,  and  gerO'^  to  carry  on. 


BEN— BIS 

BENEDICTION,  s.  A  blessing.  L.  benedictio:  bene, 
well,  and  dictio^  an  expression:  dico^  to  say. 

BENEFACTOR,  s.  One  who  confers  a  benefit.  L.  bencn 
well,  anciybiczoj  to  do. 

BENEFICE,  s.  An  ecclesiastical  living.  L.  bene/icium^ 
an  obligation.—See  BENEFACTOR. 

BENEFICENT,  adj.  Kind;  do'm^  ^^ood.h.  dencfaciens: 
part,  o^  denefacio,—SGC  BENEFACTOR. 

BENEVOLENT,  adj.  Well-inclined;  charitable.  Ube- 
nevolens;  beyie^  well,  and  volo^  to  wish. 

BENIGNITY,  s.  Graciousness;  goodness.  L.  benignU 
tas;  from  bene^  well,  happily. 

BIAS.  s.  Inclination,  either  of  matter  or  mind.  F.  biaisy 
an  oblique  line. 

BIBBER,  s.  A  tippler.  L.  bibo^  to  drink. 

BIBLE.  8.  The  sacred  volume.  G.  biblion,  a  book:  mean- 
ing, by  way  of  eminence.  The  Book. 

BIBULOUS,  adj.  Absorbing  moisture.  L.  bibulus;  from 
biboy  to  drink. 

BIENNIAL,  adj.  Continuing  two  years ;  occurring  every 
two  years.  L.  biennis:  from  6/s,  double,  and  annus^  a 
year. 

BIFEROUS.  adj.  Bearing  twice  a  year.  L.  biferus;  bis, 
twice,  and y^ro,  to  bear. 

BIGAMY,  s.  The  crime  of  having  two  wives,  or  of 
having  two  husbands.  G.  bis.^  double,  and  gameo,  to 
marry. 

BILE.  s.  An  inflammatory  swelling;  (sometimes  pro- 
nounced, though  vulgarly,  boil;')  also,  a  thick,  yellow 
matter,  formed  internally.  L.  bilis^  choler. 

BINARY,  adj.  By  couples.  L.  binus;  from  bis,  double. 

BIOGRAPHY,  s.  Personal  history.  G.  bios,  life,  and 
g7'a/i/io,  to  write. 

BIPAROUS.  adj.  Having  two  at  a  birth.  L.  bis,  double, 
and  fiario,  to  bring  forth. 

BIPED,  s.  An  animal  having  two  feet.  L.  bi/iedis,  gen. 
of  bifies;  bis,  double,  and  /les,  a  foot. 

BISCUIT,  s.  Hard  bread.  F.  biscuit;  L.  bis,  twice,  and 
F.  cuit,  part,  of  cuire,  to  bake. 

BISECT.  V.  To  divide  into  two  parts.  L.  binus,  by  cou- 
ples, and  seco,  to  cut. 

BISHOP.    One  who  is  placed  over  several  churches. 


BIT— BRJE 

Derived,  through  the  Saxon,  from  L.  efiiscofrus;  G- 

efii^  over,  and  skopeo^  to  look. 
BITUMINOUS,  adj.  Having  the  qualities  of  bitumen  ; 

pitchy.  L.  bitumen^  a  kind  of  fat  clay  or  slime,  like 

pitch. 
BLANCH.    V.  To  whiten.    F.    blanchir;   from  blanc^ 

white. 
BLAND,  adj.  Mild;  gentle.  L.  blandus^  kind. 
BLANDISHMENT,  s.  Act  of  fondness;  caresses.  L. 

blanditia.'—^Qt  BLAND. 
BLANK,  s.  A  space  not  written  on;  unproductive  re- 
sult of  lottery  chance.  F.  blanc^  white :  that  is,  having 

the  white  paper  visible. 
BLASPHEME,  -v.  To  speak  irreverently  of  God.   G. 

blasphejjieo;  blax.,  impious,  and  fihemi^  to  say. 
BOIL.  V.  To  be  agitated  by  heat.  F.  bouillir;  L.  bullio; 

from  bulla^  a  bubble. 
BOIL.  s.  A  vulgar  term  for  a  bile.  From  the  verb,  to 

boil;  alluding  to  theybrm  of  a  bile, — that  of  a  bubble. 
BOLUS,  s.  A  large  pill.  L.  bolus,  a  lump. 
BOMB.  s.  A  hollow  ball,  filled  with   gunpowder.  F, 

bombe:  L.  boinbus,  a  buzzing  noise. 
BOMBAST.  *.  Inflated  language.  L.  bombus,  a  buzzing 

noise. 
BOJ^A  FIDE.    Actually;  really.    The  phrase  is  also 

used  adjectively,  for  actual,  real.  L.  bona.^  (from  bonus,) 

in  good,  and^?^^,  {{Yomjides,)  faith. 
BOJ^ MOT.  A  witty  expression.  F.  bo7i,  good,  and  mot, 

a  word,  or  saying. 
BOJVJVE  BOUCHE.  A  nice  or  sweet  morsel.  F.  bonne, 

fem.  oibon,  good,  and  bouche,  the  mouth. 
BOJV  V IV ANT.  A  luxurious  person.  F.  bon,  well,  and 

■vivant,  part,  oi-uivre,  to  live. 
BOTANY,  s.  The  science  of  plants.  G.  botane,  an  herb, 
BOUNTY,    s.  Generosity;    pecuniary  encouragement, 

F.  bonte,  indulgence;  from  bon,  good:  L.  bonus,  good. 
BRACE,  -v.  To  make  firm.  F.  embrasser,  to  embrace; 

en,  in,  and  bras,  an  arm.  L.  in,  and  brachium. 
BRACELET,  s.  An  ornament  for  the  arm.  F.  bracelet; 

from  bras,  an  arm. 
BREVIARY.    *.   An  abridgment;  a  book  containing 


BRE— BUT 

the  daily  service  of  the  Roman  church.  F.  breviare; 
L.  breviarium:   bj'evis,  short. 

BREVITY,  s.  Conciseness.  L.  brevitasj  brevis,  short. 

BRIDE.  «.  A  woman  recently  married.  F.  bride^  part. 
oi  brider^  to  restrain. 

BRIDLE,  s.  The  reins,  &:c.  used  for  governing  a  horse. 
F.  bride;  from  brider^  to  restrain. 

BRIEF,  s.  An  abridged  writing;  a  lawyer's  instructions. 
F.  brief. — See  the  adjective. 

BRIEF,  adj.  Concise.  F.  brief:  L.  brevis^  short. 

BRUMAL,  adj.  Belonging  to  winter.  L.  brumalis;  G. 
brug?nos,  a  roaring  noise. 

BRUNETT.  s.  A  woman  with  a  brown  complexion.  F. 
brunette,  (dim.  of  brun,  brown,)  a  little  girl  who  is 
brown. 

BRUTE.  *.  An  animal  without  reason,  brutus,  insensi- 
ble, irrational, 

BUCOLIC,  adj.  Pastoral.  G.  boukolika;  from  boukolos, 
a  cowherd. 

BUFFET,  s.  A  cup-board;  a  place  at  a  public  enter- 
tainment, where  refreshments  are  kept.  F.  buffet,  a 
cup-board. 

BULBOUS,  adj.  Of  a  round  shape,  as  the  root  of  a  tu- 
lip. L.  biilbus,  an  onion,  or  any  round,  laminated  root. 

BULL.  s.  A  papal  mandate.  F.  bulle;  from  the  L.  bul- 
l<£,  ornaments,  of  the  figure  of  a  heart,  formerly  worn 
by  the  nobility  of  the  western  empire,  and  afterwards 
attached  to  the  decrees  of  the  popes. 

BULLETIN,  s.  A  military,  or  other  public  document, 
F.  bulletin;  bulle,  authentic. — See  BULL. 

BUOY.  s.  A  piece  of  floating  wood  or  cork,  used  by 
mariners  and  fishermen.  F.  bouee:  bois,  wood. 

BUOYANT,  adj.  Floating;  light.— See  BUOY. 

BURSAR,  s.  The  treasurer  of  a  college.  L.  bursarius; 
from  bursa,  a  purse. 

BUTLER,  s.  A  servant  who  takes  care  of  the  wines,  and 
superintends  the  table,  F.  bouteillier;  from  bouteiUe^ 
a  bottle. 


eAC— CAL 


c. 


CACOCHYMY.  s.  An  unhealthy  state  of  the  animai 
juices.  G.  kakochumia;  from  kakos,  bad,  and  chu7nos, 
juice. 

CACOETHES  SCRIBEXDI.  A  too  great  fondness  of 
writing  for  the  public  eye.  L.  cacoethes^  an  evil  habit, 
scribendiy  of  writing:  cacoethes  is  from  G.  kakos,  bad, 
and  ethos,  a  habit. 

CACOPHONY,  s.  A  harsh  sound  of  words.  G.  kako- 
fihonia;  kakos,  bad,  and  fihonia,  a  sound. 

CADAVEROUS,  adj.  Looking  like  a  corpse.  L.  cada- 
ver, a  dead  body. 

CADENCE,  s.  Fall  of  the  voice,  8cc.  F.  cadence:  L.  ca- 
dens,  part,  of  cado,  to  fall. 

CADET,  s.  A  person  serving  in  expectation  of  an  of- 
fice. F.  cadet:  L.  cado,  to  be  attached  to. 

CjESURA.  s.  a  term  in  prosody,  referring  to  a  pause. 
L.  ccesura;  from  ccedo,  to  cut. 

CMTERA  DESUjYT.  The  remainder  is  wanting.  L. 
ccstera,  pi.  of  cater,  the  rest,  desunt,  (from  desum,)  are 
wanting. 

CALAMITY,  s.  Sudden  misfortune.  L.  calamitas;  from 
calamus,  an  arrow:  because,  a  calamitous  misfortune 
comes  with  the  swiftness  of  an  arrow. 

CALCAREOUS,  adj.  Of  the  nature  of  lime.— See 
CALX. 

CALCINE,  -v.  To  decompose  by  burning.  F.  calciner. 
—See  CALX. 

CALCULATE,  -v.  To  numerate;  to  conjecture.  L.  cal- 
culus, a  pebble;  by  M'hich,  numbers  were  reckoned,  by 

'  persons  ignorant  of  arithmetic. 

CALENTURE,  s.  A  distemper  peculiar  to  sailors  in 
hot  climates.  L.  caleo,  to  be  hot. 

CALIBER,  s.  The  diameter  of  a  gun's  bore.  F.  caliber, 
rate  or  size. 

CALIDITY.  s.  Heat.  L.  caliditas:  calidus,  hot. 

CALLOUS,  adj.  Insensible.  L.  callus,  hardness,  or  hard 
flesh. 

CALLOW,  adj.  Without  feathers.   L,  callus,  rough» 


CAL— CAN 

ness  :  very   young  birds  are  iinpleasingly  rough,  by 

reason  of  their  projecting  quills. 
CALORIC,  s.  The  modern  chemical  name  of  heat.  F. 

caloriqiie:  \j.  calor^  heat. 
CALORIFIC,  adj.  Producing  heat.  L.  calorijicus;  calory 

heat,  and  facio,  to  make. 
CALORIMETER,    s.  An  instrument  for  ascertaining 

the  quantity  of  heat  disengaged  from  any  substance 

that  may  be  an  object  of  experiment.  L.  caior,  heat, 

and  G.  mctreo^  to  measure. 
CALUMNIATE,  v.  To  slander.    L.  calumnior;  from 

caiu7nnia,  a  false  accusation. 
CALX.  s.  A  burned  substance.  L.  calx,  burned  lime. 
CALYX,  s.  The  cup  of  a  plant;  that  part  which  sur- 
rounds and  supports  the  petals.  L.  calyx;  G.  kalux^ 

that  in  which  any  thing  is  enclosed. 
CAMERA-OBSCURA.  s.  An  optical  machine.  L.  ca- 
mera, a  chamber,  and  obscura,  dark. 
CAMP.  A  number  of  military  tents.  F.  camp;  L.  cam- 

fius,  a  field. 
CAMPAIGN,   s.  The  period  of  an  army's  operations 

in  the  field,  during  one  season.  F.  camjiagne:  L.  cam- 

fills,  a  field. 
CAMPESTRAL.  cc(/.  Growing  infields.  L.  camfiestris; 

camfius,  field. 
CANAILLE,    s.   The  very  lowest  of  the  people;  the 

rabble.  F.  canaille;  from  canal,  the  kennel  of  a  street: 

alluding  to  their  filth. 
CANCEL.  V.  To   obliterate.  F.  canceller:  L.  cancelli, 

windows:  the  marks  in  cancelled  writings  are  often 

crossed  in  the  form  of  a  window-frame. 
CANCER,  s,  A  corroding,  incurable  sore;  (also,  a  sign 

of  the  zodiac;)  cancer,  a  crab:  thus,  comparing  the 

gradual  decay  of  the  flesh,  to  the  slow  motion  of  a 

crab. 
CANDID,  adj.  Sincere.  L.  candidus,  bright,  friendly. 
CANDIDATE,  s.  A  suitor  for  any  place  of  honour  or 

profit.  L.  candidatus;  from  candidus,  white:  alluding 

to  the  custom,  amongst  the  Romans,  of  his  wearing  a 

white  garment. 
CANINE,  adj.  Relating  to  a  dog.  L.  canimis;  canis,  a 

dog. 


CAN—CAP 

CANISTER.  5.  A  case,  now  made  generally  of  tin;  but 
formerly  of  canes.  L.  canistrum;  canna^  a  cane. 

CANKER,  s,  A  cancerous  sore.  L.  cancer^  a  crab. — 
See  CANCER. 

CANNIBAL,  s.  A  person  who  eats  human  flesh.  L.  ca- 
nis,  a  dog. 

CANNON.  8.  A  great-gun.  F.  canon^  fonnerly  cannon; 
L.  canna^  a  large  tube. 

CANON',  s.  A  church  law.  G.  kanon^  a  rule. 

CANONIZE,  -v.  To  declare  any  person  a  saint.  From 
canon;  because  his  name  is  placed  in  the  canon  for 
observing  festivals. 

CANT.  1).  To  preach  or  talk  as  a  hypocrite.  L.  cantOy 
to  repeat  the  same  thing  often :  cano^  to  sing. 

CANTO,  s.  Part  of  a  poem.  This  word  is  derived, 
through  the  Italian,  from  the  L.  cantus^  a  song :  mean- 
ing, as  much  as  would  be  sufficient  for  a  song,  or  for 
recital  in  one  act. 

CANTON.  V.  To  distribute  an  army  over  a  district.  F. 
canton^  a  province. 

CANVASS,  or  CANVAS,  s.  A  kind  of  cloth.  F.  can- 
evas:  L.  ca7inabis,  hemp. 

CANVASS.  V.  To  solicit;  to  examine.  Etymology  un- 
known: no  rational  affinity  appears  with  canvass, 
cloth. 

CAPABLE,  adj.  Having  a  capacity  for  any  particular 
object.  F.  cajiable:  L.  capio^  to  contain. 

CAPACIOUS,  adj.  Large.  L.  cafiax;  from  cajiio."-^ 
See  CAPABLE. 

CAPER.  ~v.  To  skip  from  place  to  place.  L.  cafier^  a 
male-goat. 

CAPIAS  AD  RESPOJ^DEJVDUM.  A  writ  issued  to 
take  the  defendant,  that  he  may  be  answerable  to  the 
plaintiff.  L.  ca/iias,  (from  capio)  you  may  take,  ad, 
for  the  purpose  of,  resji07idendu?n^  (from  respojideo^') 
answering. 

CAPIAS  AD  SATISFACIE.YDUM.  A  writ  issued,  af- 
ter judgment,  to  arrest  the  defendant,  until  he  shall 
satisfy  the  plaintiff.  L.  capias^  you  may  take,  ad^  for 
the  purpose  of,  satisfaciendum^  (from  satisfacio)  satis- 
fying. 


CAP— CAR 

CAPILLARY,  adj.  Resembling  hairs;  relating  to  very 
small  tubes.  L.  cajiillaris ;  cafiillus^  a  hair. 

CAPITAL,  adj.  Aftecting  the  head,  or  life;  chief.  F. 
cafiital;  L.  cafiitalis:  cafiut^  the  head. 

CAPITAL.  5.  Head  of  a  pillar;  chief  town;  stock  of  a 
trader  or  company. — See  the  adjective. 

CAPITATION,  s.  A  capitation-tax  is  laid  on  the  ^ler- 
son.  L.  cafiut^  the  head. 

CAPITULATE,  -v.  To  surrender  by  agreement.  L.  ca- 
pitulatim^  by  heads,  or  chapters;  cajiut^  the  head:  the 
terms  of  surrender  being  written  hi  the  form  of  dis- 
tinct heads  or  articles. 

CAPRICE,  s.  Freak;  sudden  change  of  humour.  F.  ca- 
/irlce.See  CAPER. 

CAPRICIOUS,  adj.  Whimsical ;  changeable.  F.  cafiri- 
Cieiijc.—See  CAPRICE. 

CAPRICORN,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac.  L.  ca/u-icortius: 
cajier.,  a  goat,  and  cornu^  a  horn. 

CAPTAIN,  s.  A  commander;  a  term  generally  restrict- 
ed to  an  officer  who  commands  a  single  company  of 
soldiers,  or  a  single  ship.  F.  cajiitaine;  L.  ca/iut^  the 
head. 

CAPTION.  .9.  An  arrest.  L.  cafitio — See  CAPTIVE, 

CAPTIOUS,  adj.  Cavilling;  L.  cafiiiosiis:  cafito^  to 
surprise,  or  catch  ;  cafiio.,  to  take. 

CAPTIVATE.  V.  To  delight  highly;  figuratively,  to 
enslave.  L.  captivo. — See  CAPTIVE. 

CAPTIVE.  One  taken  in  war;  a  prisoner.  L.  cafitivua: 
cafitus  (p.  part,  of  cajiio)  taken. 

CAPTOR,  s.  He  that  takes  a  prisoner,  or  prize.  L.  ca- 
fiiQ,  to  take.— See  CAPTIVE. 

CAPUCHIN,  s.  A  monk  of  the  reformed  order  of  Fran- 
ciscans. F.  cafiucin:  from  cafiuce^  or  ca/iiichon^  a  cowl, 
or  large  hood;  by  which,  that  order  are  particularly 
distinguished. 

CARBON,  s.  The  basis  of  charcoal.  F.  charbon;  L. 
carbo.)  a  coal. 

CARBUNCLE,  s,  A  jewel  which  shines  in  the  dark; 
a  red  spot,  or  pimple  on  the  body.  L.  carbunculus^ 
dim.  of  carbo.^  a  coal. 

CARDINAL,  adj.  Principal.  L.  cardmalis,  belonging 
to  a  hinge;  cardo,  a  hinge;  because,  inferior  things 

[5] 


CAR— CAR 

are  imagined  to  depend  or  turn  on  the  cardinal,  as  a 
door  upon  its  hinge. 

CARDINAL,  s.  One  of  the  chief  governors  of  the  Ro- 
man church.— See  the  adjective. 

CAREER,  s.  Course  of  rapid  action.  F.  carriere:  L. 
carrus^  a  car. 

CARESS.  V.  To  treat  in  a  kind,  or  loving  manner.  F. 
caresser:  L.  cams,  dear. 

CARET,  s.  A  grammatical  point  (a.)  L.  caret,  there 
is  [something]  wanting. 

CARMINATIVE,  s.  A  medicine  for  expelling  wind. 
L.  cardiacusy  griped,  and  niinuo,  to  lessen. 

CARNAGE,  s.  Slaughter.  F.  carnage:  L.  carnis,  gen. 
of  caro,  flesh. 

CARNAL,  adj.  Fleshly;  not  spiritual;  lustful.  F.  car- 
7ial:  L.  carfiis,  gen.  of  caro,  flesh. 

CARNATION,  s.  The  name  of  a  pink  flower.  F.  car- 
nation: L.  carnis,  gen.  of  caro,  flesh;  because,  that 
species  is  flesh-coloured. 

CARNIVAL,  s.  A  feast  before  Lent.  F.  carnaval:  L. 
caroy  flesh;  because,  it  is  supposed  that  unusual  quan- 
tities of  flesh-meat,  are  then  eaten. 

CARNIVOROUS,  adj.  Having  a  natural  inclination  to 
eat  flesh.  L.  carnivorus:  carnis,  gen.  of  caro,  flesh, 
and  voro,  to  devour. 

CARP.  V.  To  cavil.  L.  car/io,  to  pluck,  or  find  fault. 

CARRION.  5.  Flesh  unfit  for  the  food  of  man.  F.  c/ia- 
rogne;  from  carter,  to  rot. 

CAR  TE-BLAJVCHE.  s.  An  unlimited  commission.  F. 
carte,  a  card,  and  blanche,  white,  or  unwritten. 

CARTEL,  s.  A  writing  containing  stipulations  between 
enemies,  generally  relating  to  an  exchange  of  prison- 
ers; a  vessel  sailing  under  those  stipulations.  F.  car- 
tel.—Scq  CHARTER. 

CARTILAGE,  s.  A  smooth,  and  solid  body,  softer  than 
a  bone,  but  harder  than  a  ligament.  L.  cartilago,  a 
cartilage,  or  gristle. 

CARTRIDGE,  s.  A  gun-charge,  generally  in  paper. 
F.  carte,  strong  paper,  and  ric,  exactly,  because, 
cartridges  are  made  the  exact  size  of  the  gun's  cali- 
ber. 


CAS— CAT 

CASCADE,  s.  A  waterfall.  F.  cascade:  L.  caeus^  chance, 

and  cado^  to  fall. 
CASE.  s.  State  of  any  thing;  event;  variation  of  a  noun. 

L.  casus;  from  cado^  to  fall,  or  happen. 
CASTIGATE,  v.  To  punish.  L.  castigo;  from  castus, 

pure,  and  ago^  to  make. 
CASUAL,    adj.    Accidental.    F.   casuel:    L.    casus.,    a 

chance;  cado.,  to  fall. 
CASUIST,  s.  One  who  justifies  evil  actions  by  argu- 
ment. F.  casuistc:  L.  casus,  an  event,    occasion,  or 

emergency. 
CATACHRESIS.  s.  Abuse  of  words.  G.  katachresls: 

from  A-am,  against,  and  chresis,  use. 
CATACOMBS,  s.  Places  for  the  dead.  G.  kata,  against, 

and  kombos.,  a  hollow  place:  alluding  to  the  body  being 

placed  perpendicularly  in  a  niche. 
CATALOGUE,  s.  A  list.  L.  catalogus:  G.  katalogos; 

kata.,  according  to,  and  logos,  a  description. 
CATAPLASM,  s.  A   poultice.    G.  kataplasma:  kata, 

over,  and  plasso,  to  spread. 
CATARACT,  s.  A  waterfall.   L.  cataracta:   G.  kata- 

rakte:  kata,  against,  and  rasso,  to  dash. 
CATARRH,  s.  An  issue  of  humour  from  the  glands, 

about  the  head  and  throat.  G.  katarrheo,  to  fiov/from. 
CATASTROPHE',    s.   Terminating  event ;    unhappy 

conclusion.  G.  katastrofihe:  kata,  against,  and  strt- 

fiho,  to  turn. 
CATECHISE.  V.  To  question  minutely.  G.  katecheo: 

kaia,  into,  and  echeo,  to  sound. 
CATEGORICAL,  af//.  Absolute;   direct.  G.  A-a^a,  ac- 
cording to,  and  agoreo,  to  speak. 
CATENARIAN,  adj.  Resembling  a  chain.  L.  catena, 

a  chain. 
CATHARTIC,  adj.  Purgative.  G.  kathartikos:  kathai- 

TO,  to  purge. 
CATHEDRAL,  s.  The  head  church  of  a  diocese.  L. 

cathedra,  G.  kathedra,  a  chair  in  which  declamations 

are  made,  or  lectures  read. 
CATHOLIC,  adj.  Universal,  or  general.  F.  catholique: 

G.  katholikos,  general. 
CATOPTRICS.' 5.  That  part  of  optics  which  relates 


CAU— CEN 

to  vision  by  reflection.  G.  katofitron^  a  looking-glass  i 

kata^  against,  and  ofitomai^  to  see. 
GAUSE.  «.  That  which  effects;  subject  of  litigation ; 

party.  L.  causa^  a  cause. 
CAUSTIC,  adj.  Destroying  the  texture  of  any  thing 

by  its  hot,  corrosive  nature.    G.  kaustikos:  kaio^  to 

burn. 
CAUTERY,  s.  An  iron  used  by  surgeons  for  burning 

the  flesh;  a  caustic  substance.  F.  cautere:  G.  kaio.,  to 

burn. 
CAUTION,  s.  Regard  to,  or  notice  of,  danger.  F.  caw- 

tion:  L.  cautus^  p.  part,  of  ccx'co,  to  beware. 
CAVALIER,  s.  A  horseman,  or  knight.  F.  cavalier: 

from  cheval^  a  horse. 
CAVALRY,  s.  Men  mounted  on  horses,  and  armed  for 

war.  F.  caualerie;  from  chevaly  a  horse. 
CAVE.  s.  A  large  hole  under  ground.  L.  cavum:  cavo, 

to  make  hollow. 
CAVEAT,  s.  The  name  of  a  legal  process,  denoting  a 

caution,  or  injunction.  L.  caveat,  let  him  beware  :  from 

caveo. 
CAVIL.  V.  To  object  without  sufticient  cause.  L.  cavil- 

lor:  caveo,  to  prevent. 
CAVITY.  8.  A  hollow  place.  L.  cai;?7c5.— See  CAVE. 
CEASE.  V.  To  stop.  L.  ce.^.so:  from  ceclo,  to  retreat. 
CEDE.  V.  To  yield,  or  assign.  L.  cedo,  to  yield. 
CELEBRATE,  v.  To  solemnize;  to  make  famous.  L, 

celebro:   G.  keleba,  a  banquet. 
CELERITY,  s.  Swiftness;  despatch.  L.  celeritas:  celer, 

swift. 
CELESTIAL,  adj.  Heavenly.  L.  celestis:  ccelum,  hea- 
ven. 
CELIBACY.  *.  Unmarried  state.  L.  ccelebs,  or  coelebs, 

unmarried. 
CELLAR,  s.  A  subterranean  apartment.  L.  cella;  (an- 
ciently cela;)  from  celo,  to  hide. 
CELLULAR,  adj.  Having  small  cavities.  L.  cellula,  a 

little  cellar— See  CELLAR. 
CEMETERY,  s.  A  place  for  the  dead.  L.  cameterium: 

G.  koimeterion,  a  place  to  sleep  in. 
CENOTAPH,  s.  A  n>onument  for  a  person  buried  at 


CEN— CES 

;motlier  place.  G.  ke?ios,  empty,  and  (a/i/iofi,  a  sepul- 
chre. 

CENSER,  s.  A  vessel  in  which  incense  is  burned.  F. 
cnceiisoir:  L.  Incensum^  sup.  of  incendo^  to  burn. 

CENSOR.  *.  A  corrector;  an  examiner.  L.  censor: 
censeoy  to  judge. 

CENSORIOUS,  adj.  Addicted  to  censuring  with  seve- 
rity.—See  CENSOR. 

CENSURE,  s.  Blame.  L.  censiira.^See  CENSOR. 

CENSUS,  s.  An  account  of  the  inhabitants,  £cc.  made 
by  public  authority.  L.  cc7Z6W5.— See  CENSOR. 

CENT.  s.  A  hundred;  a  coin,  equal  to  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  dollar.  F.  cent;  L.  centum^  a  hundred. 

CENTENNARY.  adj.  Relating  to  a  hundred.  L.  cen- 
tennarius:  centum^  a  hundred. 

CENTIPEDE,  s.  An  insect  with  many  feet.  L.  centum, 
a  hundred,  -dXid.  fiedes^  (pi.  of/ze*,)  feet. 

CENTRIFUGAL,  adj.  Receding  from  the  centre.  L. 
centrum.^  the  centre,  and/w^zo,  to  run  away. 

CENTRIPETAL,  adj.  Approaching  the  centre.  L. 
centrum.,  the  centre,  and  fieto.,  to  seek. 

CENTURION,  s.  A  Roman  commander  of  a  hundred 
men.  L.  centurio:  from  centum^  a  hundred. 

CENTURY,  s.  A  hundred  yeai^.  L.  centuria:  centum, 
a  hundred. 

CEPHALIC,  adj.  Medicinal  to  the  head.  F.  cephalique: 
G.  kefihale,  the  head. 

CERATE.  8.  An  ointment  composed  chiefly  of  wax. 
L    ceratum:  cera,  wax. 

CERECLOTH,  s.  Cloth  dipped  in  wax  or  gum.  L.  ce- 
ra,  wax,  and  cloth. 

CERTIFY,  -u.  To  make  a  formal  attestation.  F.  certijieri 
L.  certus,  sure,  and  facio,  to  make. 

CERTIORARI,  s.  A  writ  to  order  the  record  of  a 
cause  to  be  brought  before  a  superior  court.  L.  certi- 
orari, to  be  m?.de  more  certain. 

CERULEAN,  adj.  Light  blue.  L.  cceruleus:  ccelum, 
the  sky. 

CERUMEN,  s.  The  v^ax  formed  in  the  ear.  L.  ceru- 
men: Cera,  wax. 

CESS.  s.  A  tax  levied,  by  its  own  officers,  on  a  county 
or  a  parish.  L.  cessiun,  sup.  of  cedo,  to  yield. 


CES— CilA 

CESSATION,  s.  A  stop;  suspension  of  action.  L.  ces- 

satio. — See  CEASE. 
CESSION,  s.  Assignment.  L.  cessio:  from  cessu-m,  sup. 

of  cedo^  to  yield. 
CETACEOUS,  adj.  Of  the  whale  kind.   L.   cetus,  a 

whale. 
CHALICE,  s.  A  sacramental  cup.  F.  calice:  L.  calix, 

a  cup. 
CHALYBEATE,  adj.  Impregnated  with  iron  or  steel. 

L.  chalybs;  G.  chuluph^  steel. 
CHAMADE.  s.  The  beat  of  a  drum  indicating  a  desire 

for  a  parley.  F. 
CHAMOIS,  s.  A  kind  of  soft  leather.  F.   chamois,  a 

wild  goat. 
CHAMPAIGN,  adj.  Relating  to  a  flat,  open  country. 

F.  camfiagne;  from  chamfi;  L.  campus,  a  field. 
CHx'lMPION.  's.  A  warrior;  one  who  engages  in  sin- 
gle combat.  F.  chamjiion:  chamji;  L.  camfius,  a  field. 
CHANCEL.  5.  The  place  in  a  church  where  the  altar- 
stands.  F.  chancel:    L.  cancelli,  lattices;  referring  to 

the  enclosure. 
CHANDELIER,  s.  A  branch  for  candles.  F.  chande- 
lier: from  chandelle,  a  candle. 
CHANDLER.  «.  A  maker  of  candles.  F.  chandelier: 

chatidelle,  a  candle. 
CHANTICLEER.  *.  A  name  given  to  the  house-cock. 

F.  chanter,  to  sing,   and  clair,  clear:   L.  canto,  and 

clarus, 
CHAOS,   s,  A  confused  mass  or  mixture.    G.   chaos, 

signifying,    properly,    a  vast   chasm :    from  chao,  to 

gape. 
CHAOTIC,  adj.  Confused.— See  CHAOS. 
CHAPLET.  s.  A  garland  or  wreath  for  the  head.  F. 

chafielet:  L.  caput,  the  head. 
CHAPTER,  s.  A  division  of  a  book;  (an  assembly  of 

the  clergy  oi'  a  cathedral  or  collegiate    church.)  F. 

chajiitre:  L.  capitulum,  dim.  oi  caput,  a  head :  hence, 

we  say,  "  the  heads  of  a  discourse;"  meaning  the  titles 

of  each  chapter. 
CHARITABLE,  adj.   Kind;  liberal.  Y.  charitable:  L. 

charitas,  charity;  G.  charis^  a  gift,  grace,  affection. 


CHA—CHO 

GPIARLATAN.  s,  A  quack,  or  mountebank.  F.  cha7 
lutcnj;  from  an  Itiilian  word,  signifyinLj;  to  chatter 

CHARM,  s.  Words,  or  characters,  miagined  to  have 
some  secret  power;  somethini^  which  will  please,  irre- 
sistibly. F,  charme;  L.  carmen^  a  verse. 

CHARM.  V.  To  delight  highly. — Seethe  noun. 

CHARNELHOUSE.  s.  A  depository  of  human  bones 
F.  charnel^  relating  to  flesh,  and  house. 

CHART.  8.  A  map  for  seamen.  L.  charta^  paper,  or  a 
card.  Sea-charts  were  formerly,  in  England,  called. 
SG'a.-cards. 

CHARTER.  *.  Written  privilege.  L.  charta^  paper. 

CHASM,  s.  A  cleft;  a  place  unfilled.  G.  chasmu:  chalnc. 
to  gape  widely. 

CHASTE,  adj.  Pure;  undefiled.  F.  chaste;  L.  casius, 
pure. 

CHASTISE.  V.  To  punish  with  a  design  of  amending. 
—See  CHASTE. 

CHATEAU,  s.  A  stately  mansion.  F.  chateau,  a  castle. 

CHEMIST,  or  CHYMIST.  s.  A  separater  and  exam- 
iner of  matter;  and  preparer  of  various  compounds. 
F.  chymiste:  G.  chumizo,  to  boil,  or  heat  in  the  fire. 

CHEVALIER,  s.  A  knight.  F.  che-ualier:  from  cheval, 
a  horse;  because  the  knights  were  formerly  distin- 
guished, in  battle,  by  being  mounted. 

CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE.  s.  A  defensive  instrument  of 
war,  made  of  timber  and  iron  spikes.  F.  This  term  de- 
notes, in  English,  horses  of  Friesland:  the  contrivance 
having  been  first  used  in  the  latter  country,  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  cavalry. 

CHICANE.  8.  Artifice.  F.  chicane.^  a  quirk. 

CHIMERICAL,  ar/;.  Imaginary ;  of  extravagant  concep- 
tion. L.  chccmera,  one  of  the  poetical  monsters. 

CHIROMANCY.  *.  The  pretended  art  of  palmistry, 
or  foretelling  the  events  of  life  by  the  lines  of  the 
hand.  F.  chiroma7icc:  G.  cheir^  a  hand,  and  mantis,  a 
prophet. 

CHIRURGERY.— See  SURGERY. 

CHIVALRY.  8.  Knighthood;  the  qualifications  or  ac- 
tions of  a  knight.  F.  chevalerie. — See  CHEVALIER. 

CHOIR.  -5.  A  band  of  singers  in  a  church;  the  place 


b 


CHO—CIN 

where  they  sing  in  church.  F.  chceur. — See  CHO- 
RUS. 

CHOLERA  MORBUS.  5.  A  sudden  effusion  of  the  bile 
on  the  intestines,  so  as  to  operate  violently,  both  up- 
wards and  downwards.  L.  cholera^  the  cholic,  and 
morbus^  a  disease. 

CHOLERIC,  adj.  Irascible.  L.  cholericus;  G.  chole^ 
bile. 

CHOLIC.  s.  A  painful  disorder  of  the  stomach  or  bow- 
els.  G.  chole^  bile. 

CHORAL,  adj.  Belonging  to  a  choir.~See  CHOIR. 

CHORUS,  s.  A  band  of  singers  ;  part  of  a  song  in  which 
the  whole  company  join.  L.  chorus^  G.  choros^  a  com- 
pany of  dancers  and  singers:  from  choreuo,  to  dance. 

CHRISM,  s.  Holy  ointment.  G.  chrizma^  an  ointment. 

CHROMATIC,  adj.  Relating  to  the  colour  of  light,  and 
of  nafural  bodies,  and  to  a  species  of  ancient  music 
now  unknown.  G.  chroma^  colour. 

CHRONIC,  or  CHRONICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  dis- 
tempei^s  of  some  continuance.  F.  chronique:  G.  chro- 
nos^  time. 

CHRONICLE.  8.  A  brief  history,  with  dates.  G.  chro- 
710S.,  time. 

CHRONOLOGY,  s.  The  science  of  computing  rela- 
tive time,  F.  chronologic:  G»  c/ircnos,  time,  and  iogos^ 
a  doctrine. 

CHRONOMETER,  s.  An  instrument  for  measuring 
time.   G.  c/ironos,  time,  and  vietreo^  to  measure. 

CHRYSALIS,  s.  An  insect,  such  as  a  butterfly,  when 
changing  from  its  torpid  state.  L.  chrysalis:  G.  chru-^ 
sos^  gold;  referring  to  its  yellow  hue. 

CHRYSOLITE,  s.  A  precious  stone,  of  a  dusky  green, 
with  a  shade  of  yellow.  F.  chrysolite:  G.  chrusos,. 
gold;  and  liihos,  a  stone. 

CHYLE,  s.  A  white  juice,  formed  in  the  intestines,  and 
afterwards  converted  into  blood.  G.  chulos^  juice. 

CHYMIST.  5.  A  professpr  of  chemistry.— -See  CHE- 
MIST. 

CI  DEVAA^T.  Formerly.  F. 

CINCTURE,  s.  A  bandage.  L.  cinctura:  from  cinctu^f 
p.  part,  of  ci?igOy  to  gird. 


ciN— cm 

CINERATION.  s.  The  act  of  reducing  to  ashes.  L. 
cineresy  ashes. 

CINQUE-PORTS,  s.  The  cinque-ports,  or  Jve  ports, 
as  the  F.  numeral  cinque^  .denotes,  were  those  in  Eng- 
land, which,  lying  the  nearest  to  France,  were  the 
more  vigilantly  guarded  against  invasion;  and  were 
placed  under  the  superintendence  of  a  special  gover- 
nor. 

CIPHER,  s.  Any  arithmetical  figure;  but,  in  general, 
denoting  0 ;  hence,  the  appellation  to  a  person  of  no 
cffiiciency,  "a  mere  cipher:"  it  also  means  a  secret 
mode  of  corresponding.  F.  chiffre,  an  arithmetical 
figure. 

CIRCLE,  s.  A  line  every  where  equidistant  from  a  com- 
mon centre.  L.  circulus:  circum^  around. 

CIRCUIT.  5.  Motion  around;  comprehensive  tour.  L. 
circuitus:  circmn^  around,  and  itus^  a  going:  <?o,  to  go. 

CIRCULATE.  V.  To  flow  around;  to  interchange.  L. 
circulo. — See  CIRCLE. 

Ci:PvCUMAMBIENT.  adj.  Going  around.  L.  circum^ 
around,  and  ambiens^  part,  oi  ainbio^  to  go  about. 

CIRCUMCISE.  V.  To  cut  the  foreskin.  L.  circumci- 
sum,  sup.  oi  circumcido:  circum^  around,  and  c^ofo,  to 
cut. 

CIRCUMFERENCE,  s.  Boundary  of  a  circle.  L. 
circmnferensy  part,  of  clrcumfero:  circum^  around, 
and  ytro,  to  carry. 

CIRCUMFLUENT,  ac?/.  Flowing  around.  Yu.circumjiu' 
ensy  part,  of  circumfiiio :  circum^  around,  and  Jiuo^  to 
flow. 

CIRCUMFUSE.  -v.  To  spread  around.  L.  circumfusmn^ 
sup.  of  circumfundo:  circum-,  around,  and  fundo^  to 
pour. 

CIRCUMJACENT,  adj.  Surrounding.  L.  civcumja- 
censy  part,  of  circumjaceo:  circum^  around,  and  ja- 
ceo,  to  lie. 

CIRCUMLOCUTION,  s.  Indirect  speaking.  L.  circum, 
about,  and  locutus,  part,  of  iocjuor,  to  speak. 

CIRCUMNAVIGATE,  v.  To  sail  around.  L.  circum, 
around,  and  navigate. 

CIRCUMSCRIBE,  v.  To  limit,  by  a  real  or  imaginary 
circle;  L.  circum,  around,  and  scribo,  to  write. 


em— CLA 

CIRCUMSPECT,  adj.  Cautious.  L.  circumsfiectus^  p 
part,  of  circumsfikio:  circum-,  around,  and  sfiecio^  to 
view. 

CIRCUMSTANCE,  s.  Something  relative  to  a  fact; 
incident ;  condition.  L.  circumstantia:  from  circum^ 
about,  and  stans,  part  of  s^o,  to  stand. 

CIRCUMVALLATION.  s.  A  surrounding  wall.  L. 
circumvallatus^  part,  of  circumvallo:  circinn^  around, 
and  vallo^  (from  -vallum^  a  fence,)  to  enclose. 

CIRCUMVENT,  -u.  To  defeat  by  stratagem.  L.  cir- 
cumventmn,  sup.  of  circumvenio:  circuniy  around,  and 
venio,  to  come. 

CIRCUMVOLUTION,  s.  The  act  of  rolling  around. 
circumvolutus^  p.  part,  of  circumvolvo. — See  CIR- 
CUMVOLVE. 

CIRCUMVOLVE.  v.  To.roll  around.  L.  circumvolvo; 
circmn^  around,  and  volvo^  to  roil. 

CIRCUS,  s.  An  open  place,  or  theatre,  for  equestrian 
exhibitions.  L.  circus;  from  circum^  around. 

CITATION,  s.  A  summoning;  a  quotation.  L.  citatusj 
p.  part,  of  cito,  to  summon. 

CITY.  s.  This  term  cannot  be  strictly  defined :  its  ap-^ 
plication  is  arbitrary.  It  is  applied  always  to  the  ca- 
pital town;  and  frequently,  but  not  universally,  to  any^ 
incorporated  tov/n.  We  may  safely  apply  it  to  places 
of  great  importance.  F.  cite;  probably,  L.  siius,  part, 
of  sino,  to  permit,  or  establish.  The  F.  cite,  is  de- 
rived, by  some,  from  L.  civitas,  a  state:  but  the 
French  word  etat,  is  a  more  rational  formation  from 
civ  it  as. 

CIVIL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  community  in  general ; 
mild;  obliging.  L.  civilis;  from  civis,  a  citizen. 

CLAIM.  V.  To  demand  as  a  right.  L.  clamo.^  to  call 
aloud. 

CLAMOROUS,  adj.  Noisy.  L.  chnnor,  a  loud  voice. — 
See  CLAIM. 

CLANGOR,  s.  A  loud,  shrill  sound.  L.  clangor,  the 
sound  of  a  trumpet.  G.  klange:  klazo,  to  cry  aloud. 

CLARE-OBSCURE,  adj.  Light  and  shade  in' painting. 
L.  clarus,  bright,  and  obscurus,  dusky. 

CLARIFY.  V.  To  brighten.  L.  clarus,  clear,  and/o,  to 
be  made. 


CLA— .COA 

CLASSIC,  or  CLASSICAL,  adj.  Relating-  to  ancient 
literature;  and  to  architecture,  and^iodcrn  literature, 
of  the  highest  rank.  L.  classicufi. — See  CLASSICS 
CLASSICS,  s.  Ancient  literature  of  the  first  rank;  mo- 
dern literature  of  uncommon  merit.  L.  classis^  a 
school-bench  :  alluding  to  the  seats  arranged  in  the  an- 
cient academies. 
CLAUSE,  s.  Part  of  a  discourse,  or  of  a  sentence.  L, 
clausus,  p.  part,  of  claudo,  to  enclose:  meaning,  that 
a  clause  is  separated  by  punctuation. 

CLEMENCY,  s.  Mercy;  humanity.  L.  dementia^  pity. 

CLLMACTERIC,  or  CLIMACTRIC.  s.  Relating  to  a 
period  of  life,  when  some  great  change  is  supposed  to 
befall  the  body.  F.  clemactericjice:  G.  klUnakter^  the 
step  of  a  ladder.— See  CLIMAX. 

CLIMATE,  s.  A  space  measured  from  the  equator  to 
the  poles;  a  certain  temperature  or  situation  indicating 
a  degree  different  from  another.  L.  clima:  G.  klima; 
from  klhio^  to  change,  or  incline. 

CLIMAX,  s.  Gradual  ascent;  a  rhetorical  figure,  by 
which  the  words  gradually  rise  in  importance.  G.  kli- 
max^  a  ladder. 

CLINIC,  or  CLINICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  person 
who,  from  sickness,  is  compelled  to  remain  in  bed.  A 
<'  clinical  lecture"  is  delivered  by  a  medical  professor 
at  the  bed-side.  G.  A7/«o,  to  lie  down. 

CLOISTER,  s.  A  place  of  religious  seclusion.  L.  claus- 
triniiy  an  enclosure,  or  closet. — See  CLOSE. 

CLOSE.  V.  To  shut.  L.  clausum^  sup.  of  claudo^  to 
shut. 

CLOSET,  s.  A  small  room  for  retirement,  or  for  the 
preservation  of  valuable  things. — See  CLOSE. 

CLOUD.  .9.  An  opaque  assemblage  in  the  sky.  L.  cla^i- 
do.,  to  shut. 

COADJUTOR.  .5.  An  assistant;  a  partner.  L.  con^  to- 
gether, and  adjutor.,  a  helper:  arf,  to,  and  jutus^  p. 
part,  oi  juvo.,  to  help. 

COAGULATE,  v.  To  curdle.  L.  coa^ulo:  co?7,  toge- 
ther, and  ago^  to  go. 

COALESCE.  V.  To  unite.  L.  coalesco^  to  grow  toge- 
ther: coriy  together,  and  alo^  to  nourish  or  increase. 


eoA— coi 

COALITION,   s.  Junction.   L.  coalitusy  part,  of  coa- 

lesco.—Sce  COALESCE. 
CODE.  6?.  A  system  of  laws  or  regulations.   F.  code; 
L.  codejcy  the  ligneous  part  of  a  tree;  by  metonymy,  a 
book:  because,  books  were  occasionally  made  of  thin 
boards. 

CODICIL.  .?.  An  appendage  to  a  will.  L.  codicillus,  di- 
minutive of  codex. — See  CODE. 

COEFFICIENT,  adj.  Uniting  in  action.  L.  con,  toge- 
ther, and  efficient. 

COERCE.  V.  To  restrain.  L.  coerceo:  con,  together, 
and  arceo,  to  hold  fast. 

COETERNAL.  adj.  Equally  eternal.  L.  con,  with,  and 
eternal. 

COEVAL,  adj.  Equally  ancient.  L.  cocevus:  co?i,  toge- 
ther, and  avum,  an  age. 

COEXIST,  u.  To  exist  at  the  same  time.  L.  con,  to- 
gether, and  exist. 

COEXTEND.  V.  To  reach  to  an  equal  distance.  L.  con, 
together,  and  extend. 

COGENT,  adj.  Powerful ;  convincing.  L.  cogens,  part,  of 
cogo,  to  assemble  or  compel :  con,  together,  and  ago, 
to  act. 

COGITATE.  V.  To  think.  L.  cogito:  from  cogo,  to  as- 
semble; meaning  the  mental  faculties. 

COGNITION,  s.  Consciousness.  L.  cognitio,  from  cog- 
nosco,  to  discover  or  understand. 

COGNIZANCE,  s.  Judicial  notice.  F.  co7inoissance: 
L.  cognosce,  to  discover. 

COHABIT,  -u.  To  live  together  as  husband  and  wife  : 
L.  cohabito:  con,  together,  and  habito,  to  dwell. 

COHABITANT,  s.  An  inhabitant  of  the  same  place. 
L.  cohabitans,  part,  of  cohabito:  con,  together,  and  ha- 
bito, to  dwell. 

COHEIR,  -v.  One  of  two  or  more  persons  who  inherit 
the  same  estate.  L.  con,  together,  and  heir. 

COHERE,  s.  To  stick  together.  L.  cohareo;  con,  toge- 
ther, and  hareo,  to  stick  fast. 

COHESION,  s.  Sticking  together;  union  of  surfaces. 
L.  coh(£sus,  part,  oi  cohareo. — See  COHERE. 

COINCIDE,  -v.  To  meet  in  the  same  point;  to  agree, 
L.  coincido:  con,  together,  in,  into,  and  car/o,  to  fall. 


COL— COL 

.COLANDER,  s.  A  strainer.  L.  colo,  to  strain. 

COLIC— See  CHOLIC. 

COLLAR,  s.  A  band  for  the  neck.  L.  collum,  the  neckv 

COLLATE.  i>.  To  compare;  to  place  in  an  ecclesiasti- 
cal benefice.  L.  collatum^  sup.  of  confcro;  con,  toge- 
ther, andy<"ro,  to  bring. 

COLLATERAL,  adj.  Running  parallel;  not  direct; 
equally  related.  L.  con,  together,  and  laiu6-y  a  side: 
that  is,  side  by  side,  remaining  together. 

COLLATION,  s.  Comparison  of  one  copy,  or  thing, 
with  another  of  the  same  kind;  a  species  of  repast;  a 
particular  mode  of  bestowing  an  ecclesiastical  bene^ 
fice.  L.  collatio. — Sec  COLLATE. 

COLLEAGUE,  s.  An  associate,  or  partner.  L.  con,  to- 
gether, and  league. 

COLLECT,  -v.  To  gather;  to  assemble.  L.  collectum, 
sup.  of  colligo:  con,  together,  and  lego,  to  gather. 

COLLEGE,  s.  A  public  place  of  study;  a  state-assem- 
bly. L.  collegium;  from  colligo. — See  COLLECT. 

COLLISION  s.  The  act  of  striking  together.  L.  col- 
lisio;  from  collido:  con,  together,  and  l(zdo,  to  hurt. 

COLLOQUIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  familiar  discourse.— 
See  COLLOQUY. 

COLLOQUY,  s.  A  dialogue.  L.  colloquium;  con,  toge- 
ther, and  loquor,  to  speak. 

COLLUSION,  s.  A  design  of  two  or  more  persons  to 
defraud.  L.  collusio;  con,  together,  and  lusujti,  sup. 
of  liido,  to  cheat. 

COLON,  s,  A  grammatical  point  (:);  one  of  the  intes- 
tines. G.  kolon,  a  member. 

COLONY,  s.  A  country  planted  by  a  foreign  state;  the 
people  inhabiting,  or  intending  to  inhabit,  the  planta- 
tion. L.  colonia;  G.  kolon,  a  member. 

COLOSSUS,  s.  A  huge  statue.  L.  colossus;  G.  kolos- 
SOS.  The  most  celebrated  colossal  statue  was  that  of 
Apollo,  at  Rhodes,  which  was  126  feet  high.  The 
name  is  derived  from  kollao,  to  join  strongly  with  ce- 
ment; alluding  to  the  number  of  pieces  of  which  it 
was  composed. 

COLURES.  s.  Two  great  circles,  imagined  to  pass 
through  the  poles  of  the  world,  and  through  the  equi- 
noctial and  solstitial  points.  L.  coluri;  G.  kolouri- 
[6] 


COM— COM 

from  kolouros,  cut  short :  because  a  pan  of  their  cir- 
cumference lies  under  the  horizon. 

COMBAT.  V.  To  fight.  F.  combative:  L.  con,  toge- 
ther, and  batuo,  to  beat. 

COMBINE.  'V.  To  unite.  F.  combiner;  L.  con,  toge- 
ther, and  binus,  a  couple. 

COMBUSTIBLE,  adj.  Susceptible  of  ignition.  L.  com- 
bustum,  sup.  oi  comburo,  to  burn. 

COMEDY,  a.  An  amusing  drama.  L.  comedia;  G.  ko- 
ine, a  village. 

COMET,  s.  A  kind  of  planet.  L.  cometa;  from  coma, 
hair :  referring  to  its  apparent  tail. 

COMMA,  s.  A  grammatical  point  (,)  denoting  the 
shortest  pause  in  reading;  in  music,  the  ninth  part  of 
a  tone.  G.  komma,  a  slice,  or  very  small  part. 

COMMx\ND.  6-.  Government;  direction.  F.  commande: 
L.  con  and  mando,  to  intrust  with:  mando  is  from  ma- 
nus,  a  hand,  and  do,  to  give ;  meaning,  to  commit  to 
another's  power. 

COMMEMORATE,  -v.  To  preserve  a  recollection  pub- 
licly. L.  commemoro;  con,  together,  and  memoro,  to 
remember. 

COMMEND.  1).  To  recommend;  to  approve.  L.  com- 
mendo;  con,  with,  and  ?7iando,  to  intrust. 

COMMENDAM.  s.  A  church  benefice,  given  in  trust. 
—See  COMMEND. 

COMMENSURATE,  adj.  Equal;  proportionate.  L. 
con,  with,  and  mensura,  a  measure. 

COMMENT',  -v.  To  remark.  L.  commentor;  from 
commentus,  part,  oi  comminisco,  to  call  to  mind. 

COMMERCE,  s.  Trade;  intercourse.  F.  commerce; 
L.  commerchim;  con,  together,  and  mercor,  to  pur- 
chase. 

COMMINGLE,  v.  To  blend.  L.  con,  together,  and  min- 
gle, 

COMMISERATE,  v.  To  pity.  L.  commiseror;  con, 
with,  misereor,  to  be  sorry. 

COMMISSARY,  s.  In  military  language,  means  a  per- 
son who  superintends  the  supplying  of  an  army  with 
clothing,  provisions,  and  ammunition.  Low  L.  commis- 
sarius.—See  COMMISSION. 

COMMISSION,    s.  Authority  given.    F.  co7nmis8ion; 


COM— COM 

L.  coinmissum;  con,  with,  and  ?nissusy  p.  part,  of  mittOp 

to  send. 
COMMIT.  V.  To  give  in  trust.  L.  committo;  con,  with, 

and  mitto,  to  send. 
COMMITTEE,  s.  Persons  chosen  by  a  larger  number,. 

to  consider  some  business  and  report  their  opinion. — - 

See  COMMIT. 
COMMIX.  V.  To  blend.  L.  con,  together,  and  mix. 
COMMODE,  s.  A  night-stool.  F.  commode;  L.  commo- 

dum,  convenience. 
COMMODIOUS,  adj.  Convenient.  L.  commodufi;  con, 

with,  and  modus,  due  proportion. 
COMMODITY,  s.  Something  useful.    F.  commodltc; 

L.  commoditas.'—^QQ  COMMODIOUS. 
COMMON,  adj.  General;  vulgar.  L.  co?n7nunis;  con, 

together,  and  munus^  a  benefit,  or  right. 
COMMUJYIBUS  JA^.VIS.  On  the  annual  average,  L. 

communibus,   in   common,    annis,    years:  (^co?nmunis 

and  annus.) 
COMMUNICATE,  -v.  To  impart,  or  reveal.  L.  comnm- 

nico.'—See  COMMON. 
COM]MUNION.  s.  Intercourse;  participation.  L.  co7n- 

munio.^SQe  COMMON. 
COMMUTE.  V.  To  change.    L.  commuto;  from  con, 

with,  and  miito,  to  change. 
COM'PACT.  s.  An  agreement.  L.  con,  with,  and/^ac- 

tus,  part.  Qi pMciscor,  to  bargain. 
COMPACT',  adj.  Firm;  close.  L.  comfiactus,  p.  part. 

o{  comfiingo,  to  put  together. 
COMPANION.  6-.  An  associate.  F.  compagnon;  L.  con^ 

together,  and  fiango,  to  fix,  or  agree  upon. 
COMPARATIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  comparison.— See 

COMPARE. 
COMPARE.   V.  To  judge  or  estimate  relatively.    L. 

comparo;  con,  together,  and/zar,  a  couple. 
COMPASSION,  s.  Pity.  F.  compassion:  L.  con,  with, 

and  passus,  part,  oipatior,  to  suffer. 
COMPATIBLE,  adj.  Suitable;  consistent.  F.  compati- 

hle:  L.  con,  together,  and  patior,  to  suffer,  or  to  be 

mixed  with. 
COMPATRIOT.  8.  One  of  the  same  country.  F.  com- 

patriate;  L.  con,  together,  and  patria,  a  country. 


COM— COM 

GOMPEL.  V.  To  force.   L.  compello;  from  con,  with, 

and  pello^  to  drive. 
COMPENDIOUS,  adj.  Short;  abridged.  L.  compendi- 
um, an  abstract.— -See  COMPENDIUM. 
COMPENDIUM,    s.  An  abstract;  an  abridgment.  L. 

compendium;  from  con,  together,  and  pendo,  to  deli- 
berate on :  meaning,  that  care  was  used  to  admit  only 

what  was  important. 
COMPP2NSATE.  -v.  To  recompense.  L.  compenso;  con, 

with,  and  fienso,  to  consider,  or  value. 
COMPETENT,  adj.  Suitable;  adequate.  L.  competens, 

part,  oi  competo,  to  agree. 
COMPETITION,  s.  Rivalship.  L.  con,  together,  and 

petitio.,  a  desire. 
COMPILE,  s.  To  collect  from  the  works  of  others.  L. 

comfdlo;  from  con,  and  pAlo,  to  pull  off. 
COMPLA'CENT.    adj.  Mild.  L.  complacens,  part,  of 

complaceo,  to  please. 
COMPLAIN.  V.  To  murmur.  F.  complaindre;  L.  con, 

and  plango,  to  beat,  (meaning  the  breast,)  or  bewail. 
COMPLAISANT',  adj.  Polite.  F.  complai&ant;  L.  com- 

placens.-^^Qe  COMPLACENT. 
COMPLEMENT,  s.  Generally  signifies  a  just  quantity. 

L.  complementum,  a  filling  up,  or  completion;  from 

co/w/2/eo.— See  COMPLETE. 
COMPLETE,  adj.  Perfect.  L.  comfiletus,  part,  of  co;??- 

plear;  con,  with,  and  pleor,  to  be  filled. 
COMPLEX,  adj.  .Of  many  parts;   entangled.  L.  com- 

plexus,  part,  of  complector;  con,  together,  and  plector, 

to  be  folded. 
COMPLEXION,  s.  Appearance,  (all  the  colours  or  all 

the  circumstances,  being  seen  in  one  view.)  F.  com* 

plexion.  L.  complexio. — See  COMPLEX. 
COMPLICATE.  Gf/;.  Involved;  difficult.  I.,  complica- 

tus,  part,  of  complico;  con,  together,  and  plico,  to  fold. 
COMPLIMENT,    s.    Flattery.    F,    compliment;    from 

compiler.— ^QC  COMPLY. 
COMPLY.  V.  To  accord  with;  to  submit.  F.  compiler; 

comme,  as,  and /2/i€"r,  to  bend. 
COMPORT.  V.  To  agree;  to  suit;  (followed  by  with.) 

F.  comporter ;  L.  con,  together,  and /zor^o,  to  carry  cr 

bear. 


COM—CON 

COMPOSE,  r.  To  put  together;  to  invent;  to  calm. 
F.  com/ioser;  L.  comfiositum^  sup.  of  comjiofio;  C07i^ 
together,  and /2ono,  to  place. 

COMPOSITE,  adj.  Of  several  kinds.  L.  co?n/iositus.^ 
See  COMPOSE. 

COMPOS  MEA'TIS.  Of  sound  and  composed  mind. 
L.  co?)ipes,  a  partaker,  mentis^  (gen.  of  mens^)  of  tlie 
mind:  comfios  may,  however,  be  an  abbreviation  of 
com^iositus^  adjusted. 

COMPOST,  s.  A  mixture  for  manure.— See  COM- 
POSE. 

COMPOSURE.  V.  Cahnness  of  mind;  tranquillity.— 
See  COMPOSE. 

COMPOUND.  V,  To  mix.  L.  co7«/io«o.— See  COM- 
POSE. 

COMPREHEND,  v.  To  include;  to  understand.  L. 
comjirehendo;  con,  together,  and  prendo,  to  lay  hold 
on. 

COMPRESS.  V.  To  condense.  L.  compressuin,  sup.  of 
comjirimo ;  con,  together,  and  firemo,  to  press. 

COMPRISE.  -V,  To  contain.  F.  comjiris,  comprised; 
from  comjirendre.—'^iQQ  COMPREHEND. 

COMPROMISE.  6-.  Mutual  abatement.  F.  comjiromis} 
L.  compro  mis  Slim;  con,  together,  and  firo7nissns,  p. 
part,  oi promitto,  to  promise. 

COMPTROLLER,  s.  A  supervisor.  F.  comfite,  an  ac- 
count, and  rolle,  a  list. 

COMPULSION,  s.  Force.  L.  comjiulsio;  comfiuhus, 
p.  part,  of  co7«/2e//o.— See  COMPEL. 

COMPUNCTION,  s.  Uneasiness  of  conscience.  F. 
comfiunction;  L.  fiunctus,  p.  part.  o{ pungo,  to  prick. 

COMPURGATOR,  s.  One  who  bears  his  testimony  to 
the  credibility  of  another:  (compurgators  are  not,  how- 
ever, admitted  in  modern  times.)  L.  compurgator; 
con,  together,  and  pur  go,  to  cleanse. — See  Hume's 
History  of  England. 

COMPUTE,  -v.  To  calculate.  L.  computo;  con,  toge- 
ther, and  puto,  to  consider. 

CONCATENATION,  s.  Uninterrupted  succession.  L. 
con,  together,  and  catena,  a  chain. 

CONCAVE,  adj.  Hollow;  opposed  to  convex:  L.  con- 
cavus;  from  cavea,  a  cave. 
[6*] 


CON— CON 

CONCEAL.  X'.  To  hide.  L.  concelo;  celo^  to  hide. 

CONCEDE.  V.  To  yield,  or  grant.  L.  cojicedo:  con, 
with,  and  cedo^  to  yield. 

CONCEIT.  .<?.  Thought;  opinion;  pride.  F.  concefii: 
L.  concefitus^  p.  part,  q^  conci/ilo,  to  conceive. 

CONCENTRx\TE.  v.  To  bring  together.  L.  con,  to- 
gether, and  centrum,  the  centre. 

CONCEPTION.  5.  Idea;  knowledge;  state  of  becom- 
ing pregnant.  L.  conceptio:  conceptus,  p.  part,  of  con- 
cipio,  to  conceive:  co?i,  together,  and  capio,  to  take. 

CONCERN,  s.  Business;  participation;  regard.  F.  con- 
cerner,  to  regard.  L.  con,  with,  and  cerno,  to  see. 

CONCESSION,  s.  Act  of  conceding.  L.  concessio:  from 
con,  and  ccssum,  sup.  of  cedo,  to  yield. 

CONCILIATE,  -v.  To  reconcile;  to  gain.  L.  concilio: 
conciliu77i,  a  council. 

CONCISE,  adj.  Brief.  L.  concisusy  part,  of  concid.or, 
to  cut. 

CONCLAVE,  s.  A  close  assembly.  L.  conclave,  an  in- 
ner apartment:  con,  with,  and  clavis,  a  key. 

CONCLUDE.  T^.  To  finish;  to  decide.  L.  concludo: 
con,  and  ctaiido,  to  shut  up. 

CONCLUSION,  s.  Termination;  restilt.  L.  conclusio. 
—See  CONCLUDE. 

CONCOCT,  -v.  To  digest;  to  ripen.  L.  concoctum,  sup. 
of  concoguo,  to  boil. 

CONCOMITANT.  «f//'  Accompanying.  L.  concomi- 
tans:  con,  together,  and  coinitans,  part,  of  comitor,  to 
accompany. 

CONCORD.  5.  Agreement.  L.  concordia:  con,  toge- 
ther, and  cordia,  hearts. 

CONCOURSE,  s.  Assemblage.  F.  concours:  L.  con- 
c«r6ws.— See  CONCUR. 

CONCRETE,  s.  A  substance  formed  by  the  union  of 
dry  particles.  L.  concretio;  concretus,  part,  of  con- 
cresco,  to  be  joined  together:  con  and  cresco. 

CONCUPISCENCE,  s.  Irregular  desire;  lust.  L.  co7i^ 
cupiscentia;  concupisco,  to  covet:  incep.  from  co7i,  and 
cupio,  to  desire. 

CONCUR,  -v.  To  meet  in  one  point;  to  agree.  L.  con- 
curro:  con,  together,  and  curro,  to  run. 

CONCUSSION,  5.  Sudden  and  great  agitation,  L.  con- 


CON— CON 

cusaio:  con^  together,  and  quassus,  p.  part,  of  quatioj, 

to  shake,  or  jolt. 
CONDEMN,  -v.  To  pronounce  guilty;  to  censure;  to 

declare  unfit  for  use.    L.   condemno:   con^  with,  and 

damnum^  loss,  or  damage. 
CONDENSE.  XI.  To  make   closer.   L.   coiidcnso:  coiu 

together,  and  denseo^  to  thicken. 
CONDESCEND,    -u.  To  stoop.    L.  cojidescendo;  con., 

with,  and  descendo,  to  come  down. 
CONDIGN,    adj.  Suitable;   deserved.    L.   cojidignus; 

from  con^  with,  and  dignus,  proper. 
CONDITION,  s.  Stipulation;  state.  L,.  cG?iditioj  condo^ 

to  build. 
CONDOLE,  -u.  To  join  in  grief.  L.  condoleo;  couy  with, 

and  doleo.,  to  grieve. 
CONDUCE.  V.  To  contribute.  L.  co?iduco;  con,  toge- 
ther, and  duco,  to  lead. 
CONDUCT'.  V.  To  lead,  or  direct.  L.  conducoj  couy 

together,  and  duco.,  to  lead. 
CON'DUCT.    8.    Management;   behaviour. — See   the 

verb. 
CONDUIT,  s.  An  aqueduct.  F.  conduit.-^^^Q  CON- 
DUCT',   f 
CONE.  s.  A  solid  body,  having  a   circular  base,  and 

declining  regularly  to  a  point.  L.  conu-s:    G.  konos, 

the  seed  of  the  pine;  or  a  cone. 
CONFABULATION,  s.  Conversation.  L.  confabula- 

tio;  con.  together,  and  fabula.,  a  discourse. 
CONFECTIONER,  s.  A  maker  of  sweetmeats.  L.  con- 

fectio,   a  preparation:    con,   together,    and  /acio,   to 

make. 
CONFEDERATE,  s.  An  ally;  an    associate.    L.  con, 

together,  and  fcederatus,  allied :  fceclus,  a  league. 
CONFER,  -v.  To  consult;  to  bestow.  L.  confero-^  con, 

together,  and  y^ro,  to  bring. 
CONFIDENCE,    s.  Trust.    L.  confidential  from  couy 

Avith,  and  fides,  faith. 
CONFI'NE.  -v.  To  limit;  to  imprison.  F.  confiner;  L. 

con,  with,  ^n6.  finis,  a  boundary. 
CON 'FINES,    s.  Borders.    F.   confijis;    L.   confine,    a 

place  adjoining:  cotj,  together;  •d.vAfi.r.is,  a  boundary. 


CON—CON 

CONFIRM.  V.  To  establish.    L.  conjirmo;  con,  toge- 
ther, d.ndJir7}Wy  to  strengthen. 
CONFISCATE.  z>.  To  seize  for  public   use.   L.  con^ 

fiscoi';  Jisciis^  a  public  money-bag. 
CONFLAGRATION,  s.  An  extensive  fire.  F.  corifla- 

gration;  L.  con,  together,  and ^a^ro,  to  burn. 
CON'FLICT.  s,  A  contest.  L.  confiictus;  from  conjii- 

go;  con,  together,  and  Jiigo,  to  dash. 
CONFLUENCE,  s.  Meeting  of  streams.  L.  conjiuens^ 

part,  oi  confiuo;  con,  together,  and^z^o,  to  flow. 
CONFLUX,  s.  Concourse;  crowd.  L.  conjiuxus;  part. 

of  corz/wo.— See  CONFLUENCE. 
CONFORM.  -V.  To  assimilate;  to  comply  with.  L.  con- 

formo;  con,  with,  and/br/^zo,  to  shape. 
CONFOUND.  -V.  To  perplex,  or  amaze.  L.  confundo; 

/undo,  to  pour  out,  or  scatter. 
CONFRONT.  V.  To  bring  face-to-face.  F.  confronter; 

L.  con,  together,  diXidfrons,  the  forehead,  or  front. 
CONFUSE.  V.  To  disorder,  or  perplex.  L.  confusum, 

sup.  of  co;?/«72£/o.— See  CONFOUND. 
CONFUTE,  -v.  To  convict  of  error,  or  falsehood.  L. 

confiito;  from  con,  2indJ'u tills,  silly,  trifling. 
CONGEAL.  V.  To  become  solid,  as  ic  •.  L.  congelo; 

gelii,  ice. 
COJVGE'  D'ELIRE.  s.  Signifies,  in  England,  the  king's 

permission  to  a  dean  and  chapter,  to  choose  a  bishop. 

F.  conge,  a  license,  d'elire,  to  elect. 
CONGENIAL,  adj.  Of  the  same  kind;  agreeable.  L. 

con,  with,  and  genus,  a  sort. 
CONGLOMERATE,  -v.   To  become  round.    L.  con- 

glomero;  con,  and  glomus,  a  ball  of  thread. 
CONGLUTINATE.  v.  To  cement.  L.  congluiino:  glu- 
ten, glue. 
CONGRATULATE,  v.  To  rejoice  with  a  person  on 

account  of  his  good  fortune.  L.  congratulor;  con,  with, 

and  gratus,  thankful. 
CONGREGATION,  s.  A  collection ;  a  religious  assem- 
bly. L..  congregatio:  from  con,  together,  and  greges^ 

plural  oi  grex,  a  flock. 
CONGRESS,  s.  A  meeting;   a  national  assembly.  L. 

congressio;  from  congredior:  con,  together,  and  gra- 

dior,  to  go;  gradus,  a  step. 


CON— CON 

CONJECTURE,  s.  Supposition.  L.  co?ijectura:  coh^ 
together,  ^ndjacio,  to  throw  [our  ideas.] 

CONJUGAL,  adj.  Matrimonial.  L.  conjug-alis:  conju- 
gis,  gen.  of  co7ijux:  co)i,  together,  and  jiigum^  a 
yoke. 

CONJUGATE.  V.  To  decline  a  verb  through  its  va- 
riations, and  with  a  nominative  prefixed;  so  that  the 
verb  shall  agree  with  the  nominative  in  number  and 
person.  L.  conjugo:  con.,  together,  and  jugo,  to  join. 

conjunction'.  6'.  Union;  a  connector  of  words.  L. 
conjimctio;  from  coujungo:  con^  together,  ^wd  jungo^ 
to  join. 

CONNECT,  -u.  To  join:  L.  coiuiecto;  from  con^  toge- 
ther, and  necto^  to  link. 

CONNIVE.  V.  To  aid,  by  pretending  ignorance  of  an- 
other's design.  L.  conniveo^  to  wink. 

CONNOISSEUR,  s.  A  judge,  or  critic.  F.  connoisseur; 
L.  cognosco,  to  know. 

CONNUBIAL,  adj.  Nuptial.  L.  coniiubialis:  cotiy  to° 
gether,  and  mibo^  to  cover,  or  marry. 

CONSANGUINITY,  s.  Relation  by  blood.  L.  consan- 
guinitas ;  con^  together,  and  sanguis,  blood. 

CONSCIENCE,  fi.  Self-knowledge;  moral  feeling.  L. 
conscie7itia;  con.^  and  scie?is,  part,  of  scio,  to  know. 

CONSCIOUS,  s.  Knowing  any  thing,  from  internal 
judgment  or  moral  feeling.  L.  cowsciw*.-— See  CON- 
SCIENCE. 

CONSCRIPTION,  s.  Military  enrolment.  L.  conscrifi- 
tio;  con,  together,  and  scrifitus,  p.  part,  of  scribo,  to 
write. 

CONSECRATE,  -v.  To  make  holy.  L.  consecro;  sa- 
cru?n,  a  holy  rite. 

CONSECUTIVE,  adj.  Uninterrupted.  F.  consecutif. 
L.  con,  together,  and  sccutus,  part,  of  scquor,  to  fol- 
low. 

CONSENT.  If.  To  agree;  to  admit.  L.  consentio;  con^ 
with,  and  sentio,  to  think. 

CONSEQUENCE,  s.  Effect.  L.  conscqucntia;  from  con- 
sequens,  following,  or  ensuing.  Consccjuence  is  often 
improperly  used  for  importance, — a  person  of  conse- 
quence, instead  of  a  person  of  im/iortance. 

CONSERVATOR,  s.  A  preserver  of  the  public  hap 


CON— CO>^ 

piness.  L.  conservator;  from  con^  together,  and  ser- 

voy  to  keep. 
CONSERVATORY,  s.  A  place  for  holding  delicate 

things.— See  CONSERVATOR. 
CONSIDER.  V.   To   study;  to  regard.    L.   con^sidero, 

con^  together,  and  sidera,  stars:  meaning,  to  calcu 

late  deliberately,  in  the  manner  of  astrologers. 
CONSIDERABLE.  aJ;.  Worthy  of  consideration;  great 

—See  CONSIDER. 
CONSIGN.  V.  To  assign,  or  intrust.  L.  consigno:  con 

and  signo^  to  mark. 
CONSIST.  V.  To  be  contained.  L.  consisto;  con^  to 

gether,  and  sisto^  to  be  set. 
CONSISTENT,    adj.   According;   proper.    L.  consis^ 

tens,  part,  of  consisto;  con,  together,  and  sisto,  to  be 

set. 
CONSISTORIAL.   adj.  Relating  to  an  ecclesiastical 

court.  L.  consisto,  to  remain  in  one  place :  that  is,  not 

circuitous,  as  the  civil  courts. 
CONSOLE.  V.  To  comfort.  L.  consolor;  from  con,  with, 

and  so  lor,  to  cheer. 
CONSOLIDATE,  v.  To  make  firm;  to  unite.  L.  con, 

together,  and  solidus,  firm. 
COi^SO'NANT.  adj.  According  with.  L.   consonans, 

part,  of  consono;  con,  with,  and  sono,  to  sound. 
CON'SONANT.  s.  A  letter,  such  as  b,  c,  d;  the  name 

of  which  cannot  be  articulated  without  the  aid  of  a 

vowel ;  therefore,  sounded  with  another  letter.— See 

CONSONANT. 
CONSORT,  s.  A  wife;  a  companion.  L.  co7i,  together, 

and  sors,  a  lot. 
CONSPICUOUS,    adj.  Obvious  to  the  sight;   distin- 
guished. L.  conspicuus;  from  conspicio,  (^con,  and  sjie- 

cio,)  to  discern. 
CONSPIRE.  X'.  To  plot;  to  join.  L.  consfiiro:  con,  to- 
gether, and  spiro,  to  breathe. 
CONSTANT,  adj.  Perpetual;  continent;  assiduous.  L. 

constans ;{Yom.  con,w^\ih,?d'\^ stans,-^'d,vi.o{ sto,to  stand. 
CONSTELLATION,  s.  A  cluster  of  stars.  L.  con,  to- 
gether, and  stclU,  stars. 
CONSTERNATION.  6.  Amazement.  L.  consternatio: 

con,  together,  and  sterno,  to  spread,  or  throw  down. 


CON— CON 

CONSTIPATE.  V.  To  thicken;  to  make  costive.  L. 

consd/io;  con^  together,  and  sii/io^  to  stuft*. 
CONSTITUENT,  s.  A  necessary  part;  one  who  ap- 
points. L.  constltuens. — See  CONSTITUTE. 
CONSTITUTE,  v.  To  form;  to  appoint.  L.  cojistituoj 

con,  together,  and  statuo,  to  establish. 
CONSTITUTION,  s.  The  act  of  constituting;  frame, 

L.  constitutio See  CONSTITUTE. 

CONSTRAIN.  IK  To  compel.  F.  constraindre;  L.  co7i, 

together,  and  strlngo,  to  bind. 
CONSTRUE.  V.  To  explain;  to  interpret.  L.  construo; 

from  con,  together,  and  struo,  to  arrange. 
CONSTRUCT.  V.  To  frame;  to  build;  to  form  in  the 

mind.  L.  constructinn,  sup.  of  construo;  con,  together, 

and  struo,  to  pile  up. 
CONSTRUCTION,  s.  The  act  of  building;  structure; 

grammatical,  logical,  or  mathematical,  arrangement. 

L.  constructio.—^QQ  CONSTRUCT. 
CONSUL,  s.  A   species  of  public   officer.  L.   consul; 

from  consulo,  to  advise,  or  provide  for. 
CONSUME,   v.  To   spend;   to   destroy.    L.   consumo; 

con,  and  sumo,  to  take. 
CON'SUMMATE.    v.    To    complete.    L.  consummoi 

from  sumvius,  the  top. 
CONSUM'MATE.  adj.  Complete;    accomplished.  L. 

consummatus. — See  the  verb. 
CONSUMPTION,  s.  The  act  of  consuming;  wasting. 

L.  cGnsu7}2fitio.-^See  CONSUME. 
CONTACT,  s.  Junction.  L.  contactus,  p.  part,  of  con- 

tingo:  con,  together,  and  tango,  to  touch. 
CONTAGION,  s.  Infection.  L.  cow^^-zo.— See  CON- 
TACT. 
CONTAIN.  V.  To  hold;  to  comprise.  L.  contineo;  con, 

together,  and  teneo,  to  hold. 
CONTAMINATE,  -v.  To   corrupt.   L.   cojitamino,  to 

mix  one  thing  with  another. 
CONTEMN,   -v.  To   despise.    L.   contemno;   con,   and 

temno,  to  despise:  G.  temno,  to  cut  off. 
CONTEMPLATE,  -v.  To  study.  L.  contemplor;  tern- 

filum,  a  recess. 
CONTEMPORARY,  or  COTEMPORARY.  adj.  Ex- 


CON— CON 

jsting  at  the  same  time.  L.  co?2,  together,  and  temlioi-Lu 

phiral  of  temfius,  thne. 
CONTEMPT,  s.  Scorn.    L.  contemptio;    contemfitus^ 

p.  part,  of  con^<?m72o.~See  CONTEMN. 
CONTEND,  -u.  To  strive  in  opposition.  L.  contendo} 

from  C07Z,  together,  and  tendo^  to  stretch  out. 
CONTENT,   adj.  Satisfied.    L.  contentus,    p.  part,  of 

contmeo;  con.,  with,  and  teneo.,  to  hold  fast. 
CONTENTION,  s.  Strife.    L.  coTzr^Tz^zo.— See  CON- 
TEND. 
CONTEST,  -v.  To  dispute.  L.  contestor;  con^  together, 

and  testor^  to  aver,  or  call  evidence. 
CONTEXT,  s.    General  connexion  or  body  of  a  dis- 
course. L.  contextus.^  woven  together. 
CONTIGUOUS.  «£/;.  Neighbouring.  Ij.contiguus iivom. 

co?ui7igo.-^See  CONTACT. 
CONTINENCE,  s.   Self-restraint;   chastity.    F.  co7iti- 

7ience:  L.  continentia See  CONTINENT. 

CONTINENT,  adj.   Unchangeable;  chaste.  F.   conti- 
nent; L.   continens,  part,  of  contineo;  con,  together, 

and  teneo,  to  hold. 
CONTINENT,  s.  A  vast  tract  of  land.  F.  continent.-^ 

See  the  adjective. 
CONTINGENCY,  s.  Accidental  possibility.  L.  contin- 

gens,  part,  of  contingo;  con,  together,  and  tango,  to 

touch. 
CONTINUE.  V.  To  remain;  to  extend.  L.  continuo; 

con,  together,  and  teneo,  to  hold. 
CONTINUITY,  s.  Connexion;  continuation.  F.  conti' 

nuitS.^'^QQ  CONTINUE. 
CONTORTION,  s.  Twist;  contraction.   L.  contortio; 

from  con,  together,  and  tortus,  p.  part,  of  torqueo,  to 

twist. 
CONTRACT'.  -V.  To  lessen  in  extent;  to  bargain.  L. 

contractiim,  sup.  of  contraho;  con,  together,  and  traho, 

to  draw. 
CON'TRACT.  s.  A  bargain.— -See  the  verb. 
CONTRACTION,  s.  The  act  of  shortening.  L.  con- 

tractio.—SeQ  CONTRACT. 
CONTRADICT,  v.  To  deny,  or  oppose  verbally.  L. 

contradictuTu,  sup.  oi  contradico;  contra,  against,  and 

dico,  to  speak. 


cox— CON 

CONTRADISTINGUISH.  -z^.To  distinguish,  by  quali^ 

tics  not  only  difterent,  but  opposite.   L.  contra.^  oppo- 
site to,  and  distinguish. 
CONTRARY,    adj.    Opposite.    L.  contrarius:   contra^ 

against,  or  opposite  to. 
CONTRAST,  s.  Opposition,  in  form,  colours,  8cc.  F. 

contraste:   L.  contra^  opposite  to. 
CONTRA VALLATION.  s.  A  defence  erected  paral- 

lei  with  another.    L.  contra-,  against,  and  vailum^  a 

defence. 
CONTRAVENE,  x-.  To  oppose;  to  obstruct.  L.  con- 

tj-avcjiio:   contra,  against,  and  venio,  to  come. 
CONTRIBUTE,  v.  To  give  aid,  in  conjunction  with 

one  or  more  persons.  L.  contribuo:  con,  together,  and 

tribuo,  to  give. 
CONTRITE,  adj.  Penitent.   L.   contritus,  p.  part,  of 

contero:  con,  together,  and  tritus,  (p.  part,  of  tero,") 

bruised. 
CONTRIVE.  T'.  To  plan.  F.  controuver;  comme,  as  or 

like,  and  trouver,  to  find. 
CONTROL,  s.  Check;  restraint.  F.  controle;  from  con- 

tre,  against,  and  rolle,  a  list:  meaning,  a  document 

capable  of  discovering  the  errors  of  an  account. 
CONTROVERT,  v.  to  dispute.  L.  controverto,  from 

contra,  against,  and  verto,  to  turn. 
CONTUMELY,  s.  Contempt;  reproach.  L.  contume- 

lia;  from  con,  and  tunieo,  to  swell,  or  strut. 
CONTUSION,  s.  Bruise.  L.  contusion  con,  together, 

and  tiisus,  p.  part,  of  tundo,  to  beat. 
CONVALESCENT,  adj.  Recovering  strength.  L.  co7i- 

valescens,  part,  oi  convalesco,  to  grow  strong:  valeo^ 

to  be  able. 
CONVENE.    V.   To   assemble.    L.   convenio:   con,  to- 
gether, and  venio,  to  come. 
CONVENIENT,  adj.  Near;   suitable.   L.   conveniens, 

part,  of  conve?iw:  con,  together,  and  venio,  to  come. 
CONVENT,  s.  A  monastery,  or  nunnery.  L.  conven- 

tus,  p.  part,  of  convenio. — See  CONVENE. 
CONVENTION.  5.  An  assembly.  L.  conventio.--^'$;tt 

CONVENE. 
CONVERGE.  V.  To  tend  towards  one  point.  L.  co:-:- 

vergo;  con,  together,  and  ven^o,  to  incline. 


CON— COP 

CONVERSANT,  adj.  Acquainted  with,  in  relation  to 
things.  F.  conversant.^  part,  of  converser. — See  CON- 
VERSE. By  this  species  of  conversation,  things  are 
personified. 

CONVERSE'.  V.  To  talk  together.  L.  con-versor;  from 
con^  together,  and  verso,  to  turn  often. 

CON'VERSE.  s.  A  term  in  geometry  and  logic,  signi- 
fying opposition.  L.  conversus,  p.  part,  of  converto.— 
See  CONVERT. 

CONVERT.  V.  To  change.  L.  converto:  con,  with,  and 
verto,  to  turn. 

CONV^EY.  V,  To  carry;  to  impart.  L.  conveho,  to 
carry. 

CONVICT',  v.  To  prove  guilty.  L.  co7ivict7un,  sup.  of 
convinco,  to  vanquish,  or  convict. 

CONVICTION,  s.  Detection  of  guilt j  state  of  being 
convinced. — See  CONV^ICT. 

CONVINCE.  V.  To  overcome  or  satisfy  by  argument. 
L.  convinco,  to  vanquish,  or  convince. 

CONVIVIAL,  adj.  Social;  cheerful.  L.  convivialis: 
con,  together,  and  vivo,  to  live. 

CONVOCATION,  s.  An  assembly  summoned  by  au- 
thority. L.  convocatio. — See  CONVOKE. 

CONVOKE.  V.  To  assemble  by  authority.  L.  convocoi 
con,  together,  and  voco,  to  call. 

CONVOLUTION,  s.  The  act  or  state  of  rolling  to- 
gether. L.   convolutio.—^Qe  CONVOLVE. 

CONVOLVE.  V.  To  roll  one  part  upon  another.  L.  con- 
volvo:  con,  together,  and  volvo,  to  roll. 

CON'VOY.  s.  A  guard,  when  passing  by  land  or  sea; 
things  guarded.  F.  convoi:  L.  co7i,  with,  and  F.  voir, 
to  see. 

CONVULSE.  V.  To  shake  violently  into  disorder.  L. 
convulsus,  p.  -^diVX.oiconvello:  con,  together, and  vcllo^ 
to  tug. 

CO-OPERATE.  V.  To  labour  or  act  jointly.  L.  con,  to- 
gether, and  operate. 

CO-ORDINATE,  adj.  Having  the  same  rank.  L.  couy 
together,  and  ordinatus,  p.  part,  of  ordino,  to  range. 

COPIOUS,  adj.  Plentiful.  L.  co/iiosus:  from  copia, 
plenty. 

COPULA,  s.  In  logic,  signifies  the  word  which  unites 


COP— COR 

the  subject  and  predicate  of  a  proposition.  L.  cryfiula: 
from  cofiulo^  to  couple. — See  COUPLE. 

COPULATIVE,  adj.  A  term  in  grammar  and  logic. 
L.  cofiulatixnis. — See  COUPLE. 

COPY.  .9.  Exact  resemblance.  F.  cojiie:  L.  co/iia^  ful- 
ness; because,  a  copy  contains  the  whole  matter  or 
form  of  the  original. 

COQUET,  s.  A  female  who  assiduously  endeavours  to 
gain  admirers.  F.  coquette;  from  quettcr^  to  search. 

CORAM  J\'O.X  JUDICE.  Before  an  improper  tribunal. 
L.  coram^  before,  iion^  not,  J udice,  abl.  of  judejc,  a 
judge. 

CORDL\L.  s.  A  stimulating  or  comforting  medicine. 
F.  cordial:  L.  cor^  the  heart. 

CORDLAL.  adj.  Comforting;  sincere;  friendly.  F.  cor- 
dial: L.  cor^  the  heart. 

CORDON.  5.  An  extensive  line  of  soldiers,  to  prevent 
communication  between  different  places.  F.  cordon^  a 
string. 

CORE.  s.  The  inner  part,  generally  of  vegetables.  F, 
caur:  L.  cor.,  the  heart. 

CORNEA,  s.  The  horny  coat  of  the  eye.  L.  cornea; 
from  cornu^  a  horn. 

CORNUCOPIA,  s.  A  heathenish  fiction,  referring  to 
the  horn  said  to  have  been  broken  off  from  Achelous, 
by  Hercules.  L.  cornucopia:  cornti^  a  horn,  andco///a, 
abundance. 

CORNUTED.  Horned.  L.  corniitus;  cornu,  a  horn. 

COROLLARY,  s.  Conclusion;  surplus  of  a  train  of  rea- 
soning. L.  corolla,  a  little  crown:  meaning,  figura* 
tively,  that  which  crowns  or  Jin  is hes  the  whole. 

CORONATION,  s.  The  act  of  crowning.  L.  corona, 
a  crown. 

CORONER,  s.  An  oflRcer  whose  duty  is  to  inquire,  on 
the  part  of  a  sovereign,  or  state,  how  any  violent  or  ac- 
cidental death  was  caused.  F.  coronaire;  L.  corona, 
a  crown. 

CORONET.  6-.  The  crown  of  a  nobleman.  L.  corona,  a 
crown;  through  the  Italian  dim.  coronetta. 

CORPORAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  body.  L.  corfioralis; 
corfius^  a  body,  or  any  substance. 


COR— COS 

CORPORATION,  s.  A  chartered  company;  persons 
embodied.  L.  cor/iiis,  a  body. 

CORPOREAL,  adj.  Bodily;  not  spiritual.  L.  coi-Jiore- 
us. — See  CORPORAL,  The  distinction  between 
Corporal  and  Corporeal,  if  any  exist,  is  not  strictly 
ascertained:  the  latter  term  is  sufficient;  it  may, 
therefore,  be  used  in  place  of  the  former,  and  is  the 
most  elegant.  The  Latin  corfiovalh  and  corjioreiisy 
from  which  they  are  respectively  derived,  appear  to 
be  synonymous. 

CORPS,  s.  A  body  of  soldiers;  a  professional  body,  (pro- 
nounced core)  F.  corfis;  L.  corfius^  a  body. 

CORPS  DIPLOMATIQUE.  The  diplomatic  body. 
F.  corps^  a  body,  and  dijilomatiquey  diplomatic. 

CORPSE,  s.  A  dead  human  body.  L.  corfius,  a  body. 

CORPULENT,  adj.  Large  in  flesh.  L.  corfiulentusi 
from  corjius^  the  body,  and  lentus.^  heavy. 

CORPUSCLE,  s.  A  particle  of  matter.  L.  corfiuscu^ 
lum.^  a  small  body;  dim.  of  corjniS')  a  body. 

CORRECT.  X'.  To  amend;  to  punish.  L.  correctumy 
sup.  of  corrigo:  con^  and  rego^  to  rule. 

CORRELATIVE,  adj.  Having  reciprocal  relation.  L. 
con.,  together,  and  relative. 

CORRESPOND,  -v.  To  communicate  by  alternate  let< 
ters ;  to  fit.  L.  cotz,  together,  and  resjiondeo^  to  an- 
swer. 

CORRIGIBLE,  adj.  Relating  to  that  which  can  be 
amended.  F.  corrigible:  L.  corrigo^  to  set  right;  con-, 
and  rego.^  to  govern. 

.CORROBORATE,  v.  To  strengthen  by  additional  evi- 
dence, L,  corroboroi  from  con^  together,  and  roboros 
to  strengthen. 

CORRODE,  'o.  To  consume  slowly.  L.  corrodo,  to 
gnaw. 

CORRUPT.  «f//.  Infected;  depraved,  h.  corrii/itzis,  ^i. 
part,  of  cQrrzu?i/io,  to  spoil. 

CORSE,  s.  A  term,  used  by  poets,  to  denote  a  dead  hu- 
man body.   See  CORPSE. 

CORUSCANT.  adj.  Glittering.  L.  coruscans,  part,  of 
coru.^coy  to  glitter. 

COSMETIC,  adj.  Beautifying.  F.  cosmetique:  G.  kos" 
metikos;  from  kosmco^  to  adorn. 


COS—COU 

COSMOGONY,  s.  The  formation  of  the  world.  G. 
kos77ios^  the  world,  and  gone^  seed. 

COSMOGRAPIIER.  s.  One  who  describes  the  world. 
G.  kosmos^  the  world,  and  grajiho^  to  write,  or  de- 
scribe. 

COSMOPOLITAN,  or  COSMOPOLITE,  s.  A  citi- 
zen  of  the  world.  G.  kosjnos,  the  world,  and /zo/z7c"5,  a 
citizen. 

COTERIE,  s.  A  select  assembly  of  fashionable  people 
for  the  purpose  of  dancing.  F.  coterie^  a  club;  cote^  a 
party,  and  rire^  to  laugh,  or  be  merry. 

COTILLON,  s.  A  species  of  dance.  F.  cotillon;  mean- 
ing, originally,  a  petticoat;  that  part  of  the  dress  being 
m  the  dance,  occasionally  extended  by  the  hands. 

COUCH,  s.  A  seat  for  repose;  a  bed.  F.  couche,  a  bed. 

COUCHAJVT.  adj.  Couching;  squatting.  F.  couchant^ 
part,  oi  coiicher,  to  lie  down. 

COUNSELLOR,  s.  An  adviser.  L.  consiliarius;  from 
consilium.,  deliberation,  or  advice. 

COUNTENANCE,  s.  Form  of  the  face;  patronage.  F. 
contenance;  L.  con.,  together,  and  teneiis.,  part,  of  te- 
neo.)  to  hold,  or  remain:  meaning,  that  the  entire  fea- 
tures are  contemplated  in  one  view. 

COUNTER,  adj.  Contrary;  opposite.  F.  contrc;  L. 
co?itray  against. 

COUNTERACT,  v.  To  labour  against.~-See  COUN- 
TER and  ACT. 

COUNTERFEIT,  s.  A  deceitful  imitation.  F.  conire- 
fait^  part,  of  contrefaire:  from  cojitre,  against,  and 
faire.,  to  make. 

COUNTERMAND,  s.  To  repeal  a  command.  F.  con- 
tremander:  L.  contra.,  against,  and  mando,  to  give 
orders. 

COUNTERMARCH,  v.  To  march  back,  over  the  same 
ground.— See  COUNTER  and  MARCH. 

COUNTERMINE,  v.  To  perforate  an  enemy's  mine; 
to  defeat  one  stratagem  by  another, — See  COUNTER 
and  MINE. 

COUNTERMOTION.    s.    Contrary    motion. See 

COUNTER  and  MOTION. 

COUNTERPOISE,     v.    To    counterbalance. See 

COUNTER  and  POISE. 
[7*] 


COU—CRE 

COUNTERSIGN,  v.  To  sign  additionally,  as  secretan 

or  clerk.— See  COUNTER  and  SIGN. 
COUNTERTENOR,  s.  A  term  in  music—See  COUN- 

TER  and  TENOR. 
COUNTERV^AIL.  v.  To  oppose  with  an  equal  degree 

of  power.  L.  contra^  against,  and  valeo^  to  be  able. 
COUNTERWORK,  r.  To  counteract.— See  COUN- 
TER and  WORK. 
COUNTY,  s.  A  certain  portion  of  a  country.  F.  comjite^ 

a  chief,  or  earl,  who  formerly  presided  over  the  dis- 
trict called  a  county. 
COUP  DE  GRACE.  The  stroke  which  terminated  the 

sufferings  of  those  who  had  been  broken  on  the  wheel. 

F.  cow/2,  a  stroke,  cle^  of,  grace ^  favour,  or  mercy. 
COUP  DE  MAIJ^.  A  bold  and  sudden  enterprise.  F. 

coup.,  a  blow  or  action,  c?e,  of,  7nain^  the  hand. 
COUP  D'CEIL.    The  entire  view,  suddenly  taken.  F. 

coufi^  a  stroke,  cle,  of,  ceil,  the  eye. 
COUPLE,  s.  A  means  of  joining  two  things;   two;  a 

male  and  his  female.  F.  couple;  L.  cojiula;  from  co- 

Jiulo,  to  join:  co7i^  together,  and  pulsus,  p.  part,  of 

fiello,  to  drive. 
COURIER,  s,  A  messenger.  F.  courier:  L.  curro,  to 

run. 
COURSE.  5.  Race;  progress;  way.  F.  course:  L.  cur- 

sus,  a  race;  from  curro,  to  run. 
COVE.  s.  A  recess;  a  circular  bay.  F.  cove,  a  pigeon 

hole;  conver,  to  be  hid. 
COVENANT,  s.  A  contract.    F.   convencnit,  part,   of 

cojivcnir,  to  agree  :   L.  con,  together,   and  venio,  to 

come. 
COVERT.  5.  A  hiding  place.  F.  couvert,  shelter:  cou- 

-ver,  to  lurk. 
COVERT,  adj.  Sheltered;  relating  to  the  legal  privi- 
leges of  a  married  woman. — See  the  noun. 
COVEY,  s.  A   brood  of  partridges.    F.  couvee:  from 

c Oliver,  to  lurk. 
CRAZY,  adj.  Shattered;  mentally  deranged.  F.  ecrazc, 

part,  of  ecraser,  to  break  into  pieces. 
CREATE.  V.  To  originate;  to  make.  L.  creatum,  sup. 

of  creo,  to  make. 
CREATURE,  s.  Thing  made.— See  CREATE. 


CRE— CRU 

CREDENCE,  s.  Belief.  L.  credens^  part,  oi'  crcdo^  to 
believe. 

CREDEXDA.  Things  to  be  believed ;  articles  of  reli- 
gious faith.  L.  credenda;  to  be  believed:  a  part,  df 
credo. 

CREDENTIAL,  s.  That  which  authorizes  belief. — See 
CREDENCE. 

CREDIBLE,  adj.  Worthy  of  belief.  L.  cr«//6///5.--Sec 
CREDENCE. 

CREDIT,  s.  Belief;  trust;  respectability;  allowance.  F. 
credit;  L.  credilus,  p.  part,  oi  credo,  to  believe. 

CREDITOR,  s.  One  who  has  trusted.  L.  creditor. — ■ 
See  CREDIT. 

CREDULITY,  s.  Incautious  belief.  F.  credulitc.-Scc 
CREDIT. 

CREED,  s.  Form  of  belief.  L.  credo^  I  believe;  which 
is  the  first  word  in  the  apostle's  creed. 

CRESCENT,  s.  A  resemblance  of  the  moon,  when  ap- 
parently increasing;  adj.  increasing.  L.  crescens,  part, 
oi  cresco,  to  increase. 

CRESCIVE.  adj.  Increasing.  L.  cresco,  to  increase. 

CREST,  s.  A  plume  of  feathers;  a  term  in  heraldry; 
curve  of  a  horse's  neck.  L.  crista,  a  tuft,  or  plume. 

CRIMINAL,  adj.  Faulty;  chargeable  v/ith  a  crime.  L. 
crimen,  a  crime. 

CRISIS,  s.  The  height,  or  the  turn  of  a  disease;  criti- 
cal time.  L.  crisis:  G.  A-ris/s,  judgment:  because  the 
symptoms  have  become  more  evident,  and  an  opinion 
is  the  more  easily  formed. 

CRITERION,  s.  A  mark;  a  sign.  G.  kriterion:  from 
krites,  a  judge. 

CRITIC,  s.  One  who  is  fond  of  examining  and  observ- 
ing.  G.  kritikos:  krites,  a  judge. 

CR.OSIER.  s.  A  bishop's  staff.  F.  crosier:  L.  crux,  a 
cross. 

CRUCIBLE,  s.  A  chemist's  melting-pot.  Low  L.  cru- 
cibulum:  Of.  chrusos,  gold;  alluding  to  its  use  in  melt- 
ing this  metal. 

CRUCIFIX,  s.  A  representation  of  Christ's  death.  L. 
crucijixus:  crucis,  gen.  of  crux,  a  cross,  and  Jixus, 
fastened. 

CRUDE,  adj.  Unfinished;  impure.  L,  crudus,  raw. 


CRU— CUR 

CRUISE,  s.   A  sea-adventure.    F.  croise:    L.  crux,  a 

cross.     The    first  cruisers  displayed  the  cross,   and 

plundered  only  infidels. 
CRURAL,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  leg.   F.   crural:  L. 

cru?'is,  gen.  of  crus^  a  leg. 
CRUSx\DE.  *.  An  expedition  against  infidels.  F.  crci- 

sade.-^See  CRUISE. 
CRYPTOGRAPHY,  s.  The  science  of  writing  secret 

characters;  ciphers.  G.  kru/iio,  to  hide,  Sind  grap ho, 

to  write. 
CRYSTAL,    s.  A  hard,  transparent,  colourless  body. 

F.  crystal;  L.  ci-ystalliis;  G.  krustallos:  from  krusos, 

ice. 
CUBE.  s.  A  regular,  solid  body,  having  six  square  and 

equal  sides,  and  all  its  angles  right  angles :  hence,  the 

arithmetical  term,  cube-root.  L.  cubus :   G.  kubos,  a 

die,  such  as  that  used  in  gambling. 
CUBIT,  s.  An  ancient  measure,  equal  to  the  length  of 

a  man's  arm  from  the  elbow  to  the  extremity  of  the 

fingers;  about  eighteen  inches.  L.  cubitum:  from  cu- 
bitus, an  elbow. 
CUI  BOJVO.    What  advantage  will  result?  L.  cui,  to 

what,  bono,  good:  (dat.  oi  cjiiis  and  bonus.) 
CUI  MALO.    What  mischief  Avill  result?    L.  cui,  to 

what,  malo,  evil:  (dat.  oi  guis  and  rnalus.) 
CULINARY,  adj.  Relating  to  a  kitchen.  L.  cnlina,  a 

kitchen. 
CULL.  XK  To  choose.  F.  cuillir,  to  gather. 
CULPABLE,    adj.  Criminal.    L.   culfiabilis:  culfia^  s 

fault. 
CULPRIT.  *.  One  accused.  L.  culfia,  a  fault. 
CULTIVATE,  u.  To  improve.    F.  cultiver;    L.  cuU 

turn,  sup.  of  colo,  to  till. 
CUM  MULTIS  ALUS.    W^ith  many  other  persons, 

or  things.  L.  cum,  with,  multis,  many,  aliis,  others. 

(abl.  pi.  of  multus  and  alius.) 
CUPIDITY,  s.  Unlawful  desire.  L.  cujiiditas;  cujiio,  to 

desire. 
CURATE,  s.  A  clergyman  paid  to  officiate  for  a  supe- 
rior. L.  curator:  from  cura,  care. 
CURATOR.  8.  A  superintendent.   L.  curator;  cura, 

care. 


CUR— CYM 

CURB.  V.  To  restriiin.  F.  courbir,  to  bend. 

CURE.  V.  To  heal.  L.  cwro;  from  cura,  care. 

CURFEW,  s.  A  signal  made  in  England  by  the  Nor- 
mans, at  a  certain  hour  in  the  evening,  when  every 
housekeepcr  must  extinguish  his  light.  F.  couvri  feu^ 
cover  the  fire. 

CURIOUS,  s.  Inquisitive;  worthy  of  notice.  L.  curio- 
sufi;  from  cura^  care,  or  concern. 

CURRENT,  adj.  Passing  from  one  to  another;  circu- 
lating. L.  cu?'rc7isy  part,  oi  ciirj'o,  to  run. 

CURRENT,  s.  A  stream. — See  the  adjective. 

CURSORY,  adj.  Hasty.  L.  cursorius:  cursum^  sup.  of 
curro^  to  run. 

CUR\'E.  -c^  To  bend.  L.  curvo,  to  bend. 

CURVET.  V.  To  play  as  a  horse.  L.  curvo,  to  bend. 

CURVILINEAR,  adj.  Relating  to  a  curved  line.  L. 
curvus^  bent,  and  linea^  a  line. 

CUSTODY,  s.  Charge;  confinement.  L.  custodia:  from 
ciistos,,  a  keeper. 

CUSTOS-ROTULORUM.  s.  An  officer  who  has  the 
custody  of  the  county-records.  L.  custos,  a  keeper, 
rotulorum,  of  the  rolls  [of  written  parchment  or  pa- 
per.] 

CUTANEOUS,  adj.  Relating  to  the  skin.  L.  cutis,  the 
skin. 

CUTICLE,  s.  The  outermost  covering  of  the  body; 
that  very  tender  skin  which  rises  in  a  blister.  L.  cud- 
cula^  dim.  oi  cutis,  the  skin. 

CUTLER.  8.  One  who  makes,  repairs,  or  sells  knives. 
F.  coutelier:  L.  culter,  a  knife. 

CYCLE,  s.  A  circle;  a  revolution  of  time.  G.  kuklos, 
a  circle. 

CYCLOID,  s.  A  species  of  geometrical  curve.  G.  kuk~ 
loeides:  kuklos,  a  circle,  and  eidos,  a  shape. 

CYCLOPAEDIA,  s.  A  book  which  treats  of  all  the  sci- 
ences.  G.  kuklos,  a  circle,  Sind  /i aide ia,  instruction. 

CYGNET,  s.  A  young  swan.  L.  cyciius,  or  cygnus,  a 
swan. 

CYLINDER,  s.  A  body  having  two  flat  surfaces,  and 
one  circular.  L.  cylindrus:   G.  kulindreo,  to  roll. 

CYMBAL,  s,  A  species  of  musical  instrument.  L.  cyw-- 


CYN— DEC 

balumj   from   cymba,  a  cup.    G.   kumbos^   a  hollow 
place. 
CYNIC,    s.  A  follower  of  Diogenes;    a  disagreeable, 
snarling  fellow.  L.  cy?ikiis:  G.  kunikos:  from  kuon^ 
a  dog. 


D. 

i3ACTYLE.  s.  A  poetical  foot,  consisting  of  one  long, 
and  two  short  syllables;  as  numtne.  L.  dactylus;  G. 
daktuios,  a  finger:  alluding  to  the  joints  of  a  finger. 

DAMN.  V.  To  curse.  L.  damno^  to  condemn:  from 
damninn,,  injury. 

DATA.  Things  given,  or  premises,  as  grounds  of  ar- 
gument. L.  data.^  (part,  of  do)  given. 

DATE.  s.  Period  of  time  when  an  action  is  performed. 
L.  datus^  p.  part,  of  do^  to  give,  or  make. 

DATIVE,  adj.  A  case  in  grammar,  denoting  to  whom 
given.  L.  dativus:  datus,  p.  part,  of  f/o,  to  give. 

DAUNT.  V.  To  intimidate.  F.  domiiter:  L.  domito.,  to 
tame. 

DEACON,  s.  One  of  a  certain  order  in  the  church.  L. 
diaconus;  G.  diakoneo,  to  minister. 

DEAN.  s.  One  of  a  certain  order  in  the  episcopal  church. 
F.  doyen,-  L.  decanus:  from  the  G.  deka,  ten;  because, 
a  dean  was  originally  placed  over  ten  prebendaries. 

DEBAR.  V.  To  prevent.  F.  de,  from,  and  barre,  a  bolt 
or  bar. 

DEBARK.  V.  To  come  on  shore.  F.  debarquer;  de^ 
from,  and  barque^  a  boat. 

DEBASE,  r.  To  degrade;  to  adulterate.  L.  de^  from, 
and  basis,  a  foundation. 

DEBATE.  T.  To  dispute;  to  deliberate.  F.  debatre:  L. 
f/e,  concerning,  and  batno,  to  combat. 

DEBENTURE,  s.  Written  evidence  of  a  debt,  signed 
on  account  of  a  state  or  public  company.  F.  deben- 
ture: L.  debeo,  to  owe. 

DEBT.  s.  Something  due.  L.  debitum:  from  debeo,  to 
owe. 

DECADE,  s.  The  sum  often.  F.  decades  G.  deka,  ten. 


DEC— DEC 

DECADENCE,  s.  Decline.  F.  decadence:  L.  de,  from, 

and  caderis^  part,  of  cado,  to  fall. 
DECALOGUE,  s.  The  Ten  Commandments.  G.  deka- 

log-os:  dekuy  ten,  and  logos,  a  word. 
DECAMP.  V.  To  go  from  the  site  of  a  camp;  to  de- 
part. F.  decamjier:  de,  from,  and  camji,  a  camp. 
DECAPITATE,  v.  To  behead.  L.  decafiito;  de,  from, 

and  cafnit,  the  head. 
DECAY.  V.  To  become  infirm;  to  rot.  F.  dechoir;  de^ 

from,  and  choir,  to  fall. 
DECEASE,  s.  Death.  L.  decesaus:  from  decessus,  part. 

of  decidor,  to  be  cut  off  or  concluded :  de,  from,  and 

ccedo,  to  cut. 
DECEIT,  s.  Fraud;  artifice.  L.  decefitio;  from  decefi- 

tus,  p.  part,  of  decijiio:  de,  from,  and  cafiio,  to  take. 
DECEIVE.  V,  To  use  deceit.    L.  decifiio — See  DE- 
CEIT. 
DECEMBER,    s.  The  twelfth  month;  but,  formerly, 

the  tenth,  when  the  year  began  in  March.  L.  Decern- 

ber;  from  decern,  ten. 
DECEMVIRATE.  s.  The  office  of  the  ten  governors 

of  Rome.  L.  decemvir atus:  decern,  ten,  and  viri,  men. 
DECENNARY,  s.  A  civil  division,  comprising,  by  a 

law  of  Alfred,  ten  freeholders  and  their  families.  L. 

decern,  ten. 
DECENT,  adj.  Becoming;  modest.  L.  decens,  part,  of 

deceo,  to  become. 
DECEPTION,    s.  The  act  of  deceiving.     This  word 

conveys  a  less  immoral  meaning  than  deceit;  though 

it  is  derived  from  the  same  word.  L.  dece/itio.'-^See 

DECEIT. 
DECIDE,  -f.  To  conclude;  to  determine.  L.  decido:  de^ 

from,  and  ccedo,  to  cut. 
DECIDUOUS,  adj.  Losing  the  foliage  at  the  end  of  a 

season.  L.  deciduus:  decido;  de,  from,  and  cado,  to 

fall. 
DECIMx\L.  adj.  Numbered  by  ten.   L.  decijnus,  the 

tenth :  decern,  ten. 
DECIMATE.  V.  To  take  the  tenth  part.    L.  decimo: 

decern,  ten. 
DECISIVE,  adj.  Conclusive;  determined.  F.  decisif.-^ 

See  DECIDE. 


DEC— DEF 

DECLAIM.  V.  To  speak  with  energy.  L.  declamo:  cle^ 
concerning,  and  cla?no,  to  call  out. 

DECLARE.  V.  To  publish;  to  assert.  L.  declaro:  from 
de,  concerning,  and  claro,  to  brighten. 

DECLENSION,    s.  Declination;    decay;    inflexion  of 
nouns.  L.  declinatio. — See  DECLINE. 

DECLINE.  V.  To  bend  from;  to  refuse;  to  decay.  L. 
decHno:  de,  from,  and  clino^  to  bend. 

DECLIVITY,  s.  Inclination,  reckoned  downwards.  L. 
deciivitas:  de,  from,  and  clivus,  a  slope. 

DECOCTION,  s.  An  extract  by  boiling.  F.  decoction: 
L.  decoctum;  decoquo^  to  boil  for  a  long  time. 

DECOMPOSE,  s.  To  separate;  to  disturb.  L.  f/<?,  from, 
and  comfiose. 

DECORATE,  v.  To  adorn.  L.  decoro:  decor^  beauty. 

DECOROUS,  adj.  Decent;  proper.  L.  decorus. — See 
DECORUM. 

DECORUM.  5.  Decency;  propriety.  L.  d€coru7n;  de- 
cor^ decency. 

DECREASE,  v.  To  diminish.  L.  decresco;  de,  signi- 
fying from,  or  deprivation,  and  cresco^  to  grow. 

DECREE,  -v.  To  enact;  to  resolve.  L.  decretum,  sup. 
of  decerno:  de^  concerning,  and  cer7io,  to  see,  or  judge. 

DECREPIT,  adj.  Infirm.  L.  decre/iitus:  from  de,  and 
crefio^  to  creak,  or  jingle. 

DECRETAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  decree.  F.  decretal.^-- 
See  DECREE. 

DEDICATE,  -v.  To  assign  or  devote  to  a  patron;  to  ap- 
propriate. L.  dedico:  de^  from,  and  dico^  to  appoint.  . 

DEDUCE.  V.  To  draw,  in  a  connected  series;  to  infer. 
L.  deduce:  de,  from,  and  duco,  to  draw,  or  bring. 

DEDUCT.  V.  To  subtract.  L.  deductum^  sup.  of  dedu- 
co:  de^  from,  and  duco^  to  draw. 

DEFACE.  V.  To  disfigure;  to  erase.  L.  de,  fi'om,  and 
face. 

DE  FACTO.  From  the  fact.  L.  de,  from, /aero,  abl.  of 
factum^  a  thing  done.— See  DE  JURE. 

DEFAME.  V.  To  injure  in  character.  L.  de,  from,  and 
J'aine. 

DEFECT,  s.  Absence  of  something  necessary;  imper- 
fection. L.  defectus^  p.  part,  of  dejicio:  de^  from,  and 
facio,  to  cause  or  force. 


DEF— DEJ 

DEFECTION,  s.  Desertion.  L.  de/ectio.>-^'SQe  DE- 
FECT. 

DEFEND.  V.  To  protect;  to  vindicate.  L.  dcfendo^  to 
defend. 

DEFER,  -v.  To  delay.  L.  diffcro:  dc^  from,  andy^fro,  to 
carry. 

DEFERENCE.  .9.  Respect.  F.  deference:  de^  from,  and 
fero^  to  carry,  or  incline:  that  is,  to  withdraw  to  a  re- 
spectful distance. 

DEFICIENT,  adj.  Defective;  incomplete.  L.  dejiciens, 
—See  DEFECT. 

DEFINE.  V.  To  explain  minutely.  L.  dejinio:  from  de. 
concerning,  and  fnis^  a  boundary. 

DEFINITE,  adj.  Limited;  certain.  L.  dfjinitus. — See 
DEFINE. 

DEFINITION,  s.  Explanation;  description.  L.  deJiiiU 
tio.-^Scc  DEFINE. 

DEFLECTION,  or  DEFLEXION,  s.  Deviation.  L. 
defiexuH.^  p.  part,  of  deJLecto:  de,  from,  ?indjlect0y  to 
bend. 

DEFLUXION.  s.  In  medical  language,  the  flow  of  hu- 
mours downwards.  L.  dejiuxio;  dejiuxus,  part,  of  de- 
Jluo:  de,  from,  and^/^o,  to  flow. 

DEFRAUD.  V.  To  cheat.  L.  defraudo:  fraus^  (gen. 
fraud  is)  deceit. 

DEGENERATE,  v.  To  become  inferior  to  a  progeni- 
tor. L.  dec^enero:  de^  from,  and  geiius-)  a  race;  that  is, 
to  fall  from  its  own  kind. 

DEGRADE.  v.  To  lower  in  rank ;  to  disgrace.  F,  de- 
grader;  L.  ffe,  from,  and  gradus^  a  step,  or  degree. 

DEGREE,  s.  Relative  situation;  rank;  measure.  F.  dc- 
gre;  L.  de^  from,  and  gradus,  a  step. 

DEIFY.  V.  To  invest  with  the  title  of  a  god;  to  adore 
as  a  god.  F.  deljier:  L.  deus^  a  god,  and  ^0,  to  be 
made. 

DEIST,  s.  One  who  believes  in  God,  but  not  in  the 
Christian  doctrines.  F.  deiste;  from  the  L.  deus^  God. 

DEITY.  *.  God;  also  a  heathen  god.  F.  deite:  L.  deua.^ 
God,  or  a  god. 

DEJECT.  X'.  To  depress  in  spirits.  L.  dejectum.^  sup. 
oi  dejicio:  de^  from,  andyaczo,  to  throw. 

DE  JURE.  From  the  law;  b)r  law,  L.  dcy  from,  jure^ 
[8] 


DEL— DEM 

abl.  oi  J2is,  right,  or  law.  A  king-  is  said  to  be  such 
de  facto ^  when  in  possession  of  the  throne,  however 
obtained;  and  de  jure,,  when  he  has  the  hereditary 
right.,— See  DE  FACTO. 

DELECTABLE,  adj.  Delightful.  L.  delectabilis;  de- 
lecto,,  to  allure. 

DELEGATE,  v.  To  intrust;  to  appoint.  L.  delego;  de. 
from,  and  lego,,  (legare^)  to  intrust. 

DELETERIOUS,  adj.  Destructive;  poisonous.  L.  de- 
leterius;  deleo,,  to  blot  out,  or  destroy. 

DELICATE,  adj.  Pleasing;  soft;  weak.  F.  delicat-y'L. 
delicatus;  delicix,,  delights. 

DELICIOUS,  adj.  Sweet;  pleasant.  F.  delicieux. — See 
DELICATE. 

DELIGHT,  -v.  To  please  highly.  L.  delecto;  de,,  from, 
and  lac  to,,  to  allure. 

DELINEATE,  v.  To  sketch;  to  describe.  L.  delineo; 
from  f/f,  concerning,  and  li7iea,  a  line  or  boundary. 

DELINQUENT.  *.  One  who  commits  a  breach  of  trust. 
L.  delinquens,  part,  of  delinquo,,  to  omit:  linc/uo,  to 
forsake. 

DELIQUESCE,  v.  To  become  fluid.  L.  delicjuescoj 
deliqueo,,  to  melt. 

DELIVER.  V.  To  release;  to  relate;  to  assign.  F.  de- 
livrer:  L.  de,,  from,  and  liber o,  to  free. 

DELTOID,  s.  A  term  applied  to  a  triangular  muscle, 
for  raising  the  arm;  delta,,  (a)  a  letter  of  the  Greek 
alphabet,  and  eidos,  shape. 

DELUDE.  V.  To  beguile.  L.  deludo;  from  r/e,  concern- 
ing, and  hidoj  to  play,  or  mock. 

DELUGE,  s.  An  immense,  overwhelming  flood.  John- 
son derives  this  from  the  L.  diluvium,,  a  flood;  though 
without  any  rational  similarity  in  the  orthography,  or 
the  remotest  analogy  to  the  general  mode  of  derivation 
from  the  Latin.  May  it  not,  with  more  propriety,  be 
referred  to  de,,  concerning,  and  lugeo,,  to  grieve? 

DEMAGOGUE,  s.  A  leader  of  the  rabble.  G.  dema- 
gogos;  from  demos,  the  people,  and  agogos,  a  leader. 

DEMAND,  -v.  To  claim.  F.  demander;  L.  de^  from,  and 
man  do,  to  order. 

DEMISE,  s.  Death.  F.  demis,  removed;  L.  demissusy 
p.  part,  oi  demitto;  de,  from,  and  mitto,  to  send  away. 


DEM— DEN 

DEMOCRACY,  s.  Government  by  the  people.  G.  de- 

inokratia;  from  demos^  the  people,  and  krateomai^  to 

govern. 
DEMOLISH,  -v.  To  throw  down;  to  destroy.  L.  demo- 

lior;  f/<?,  from,  and  moles.,  a  heap. 
DEMON,  s.  A  spirit,  either  g-ood  or  bad;  a  devil.  G. 

daimon^  a  spirit:  daio^  to  know. 
DEISIONSTRATE.  v.  To  prove  fully.   L.  demojislro; 

d(?,  concerning,  and  monstro^  to  show. 
DEMUR.  V.  To  object.  F.  dcmeurer;  L.  dcmoror^  to 

hinder. 
DEMURE,  adj.  Grave;  of  studied  gravity.    F.  de,  of, 

and  ma'urs^  manners,  or  behaviour. 
DEMURRAGE,  s.  Allowance,  bj-  a  merchant,  for  the 

detention  of  a  ship  beyond  the  time  appointed.— See 

DEMUR. 
DENDROLOGY,  s.  Natural  history  of  trees.  G.  den- 

dron^  a  tree,  and  Icg-os,  a  discourse. 
DENOMINATE,  v.  To  distinguish  by  a  name.  L.  de- 

nomino;    de,    from,  and   nomino^   to  name:   ?io?ne?i,  a 

name. 
DENOTE.  X'.  To  signify.  L.  dejhoto;  de^  from,  ^cciAiioto^^ 

to  mark. 
DEJVOUEME.N-T.  s.  The  clearing  up  of  a  plot.  F.  de- 

noueinent;  from  denouer.,  to  untie. 
DENOUNCE,  -v.  To  threaten,  or  accuse,  publicly.  L. 

denuncio;  comp,  oi  de,  concerning,  and  niniiio^  to  ac- 
quaint. 
DE  J\'OVO.  Afresli;  over  again.  L.  de^  from,  and  Jiovo,^ 

abl.  of  77 ovus,  new. 
DENSE,  adj.  Set  closely  together;  compact.  L.  den- 

siis;  probably  from  de7i.s,  a  tooth,  or  denies,  teeth:  al- 
luding to  the 'close  arrangement  of  the  teeth. 
DENTAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  teeth.  L.  dentis,  gen.  of 

dens.,  a  tooth. 
DENTATED.  adj.  Having  teeth,  or  the  resemblance 

of  teeth.  L.  dentatus. — See  DENTAL. 
DENTIFRICE,  s.  Toothpowder.  L.  dens.,  a  tooth,  and 

frico.^  to  rub. 
DENTIST,  s.  A  tooth-surgeon.— See  DENTAL. 
DENUDATE.  v.  To  strip.  L.  denudo;  dcs  from,  and 

?2udo.  to  strip. 


DEP— DER 

DEPART.  V.  To  go  away.  L.  de,  from,  and  /lartio,  to 
divide. 

DEPEND.  V.  To  hang;  to  be  connected;  to  rely.  L.  de- 
pendeo;  de,  from,  and /2(?/2aVo,  to  hang. 

DEPICT.  V.  To  describe.  L.  de/iictu?n,  sup.  o^  de/iingo; 
de,  from,  and //i/2^0,  to  paint. 

DEPLETION,  s.  The  act  of  emptying.  L.  dejiletus,  p. 
part,  oi  depleo,  to  empty. 

DEPLORE.  V.  To  lament.  L.  deploro;  from  de,  con- 
cerning, and  filoro,  to  bewail. 

DEPONENT,  s.  A  witness.  L.  deponens,  part,  of  de~ 
fiono;  de,  concerning,  and/zowo,  to  place  or  allege. 

DEPOPULATE,  v.  To  unpeople.  L.  dejiopulor;  de, 
from ,  an  d  /2  0/2  2/  /  2^  6- ,  jp  eo  p  1  e . 

DEPORTMENT,  s.  Behaviour.  F.  de/iortement:  L. 
fiorto,  to  carry. 

DEPOSE.  V.  To  remove;  to  attest.  L.  defiositum,  sup, 
of  dejiono;  de,  from,  and  pono^  to  place;  or  fi?*?,  con- 
cerning, and  po7io,  to  allege. 

DEPOSIT.  X'.  To  leave  for  security,  or  as  a  pledge. 
L.  depositum,  sup.  oi  de/ioiio,  to  lay  down  or  intrust; 
o^<?,  from,  and/207zo,  to  place. 

DEPOT,  s.  A  public  store-house.  F.  depot. — See  DE- 
POSIT. 

DEPRAVE,  -v.  To  corrupt.  L.  depravo:  pravus,  crook- 
ed, or  knavish. 

DEPRECATE,  -v.  To  pray  against.  L.  deprecor:  de. 
from,  and/27'ecar,  to  pray. 

DEPRECIATE,  v.  To  lower  in  value.  L.  depretio: 
comp.  of  de,  from,  and  pretio,  [its  usual]  price. 

DEPREDATION,  s.  Robbery.  L.  deprxdatio:  de,  from, 
and  pr<zdor,  to  rob. 

DEPRESS,  -v.  To  deject.  L.  depressum,  sup.  oi  depri- 
7710;  de,  from,  u.Yid  pre?no,  to  press. 

DEPRIVE,  -v.  To  bereave.  L.  de,  from,  and  privo,  to 
take  away. 

DEPROXIMATE.  v.  To  recede.  L.  de,  from,  and 
proxiiyius,  nearest. 

DEPUTY,  s.  One  acting  in  the  place  of  another.  F. 
depute;  L.  deputatus,  p.  part,  oi  deputo,  comp.  of  de, 
from,  and  puto,  to  lop,  adjust,  or  esteem. 

DERELICTION,  s.  Desertion,  L.  derelktio;  de,  from, 


DER— -DES 

and  relectu^,  p.  part,  of  relego^  to  go  back;  (/«?,  con- 
cerning;, 7v,  ai^-ain,  and  le(^o^  to  choose. 

DERIDE.  X'.  To  mock  or  scorn.  L.  deridco;  from  de^ 
concerning,  and  video,  to  laugh. 

DERISION,  .sf.  Mockery  ;  scorn.  E.  dcrislo;  from  dc- 
risus,  p.  part,  of  dcn-ideo. — Sec  DERIDE. 

DERIVE.  V.  Originally  meant  to  turn  the  course  of 
water  from  its  natural  channel ;  but  it  now  means  to 
deduce,  or  receive  by  transmission.  L.  derlvo;  de,  from, 
and  rivus,  a  river.* 

BERjVIERE-RESSORT.  Last  resource.  ¥.  dernicry 
the  last,  and  ressort,  a  spring  or  wheel. 

DEROGATE,  v.  To  detract.  L.  derogo;  dc\  from,  and 
7'og-o,  to  desire,  or  borrow. 

DESCANT.  V.  To  narra.te  minutely.  L.  dis^  separately, 
and  canto,  to  repeat  often. 

DESCRIBE.  V.  To  delineate.  L.  descrlbo;  dc,  concern- 
ing, and  scribo,  to  write. 

DESERT'.  T'.  To  forsake.  L.  desertum^  sup.  o{  desero: 
de,  from,  and  sero,  to  spread. 

DES'ERT.  s.  A  wilderness.  L.  desertus,  forsaken. — Sec 
the  verb. 

DESERVE.  V.  To  merit.  L.  deservio,  to  be  serviceable : 
from  servus,  a  servant. 

DESICCATE,  -v.  To  dry.  L.  desicco,  to  dry. 

DESIDERATUM,  s.  Something  which  inquiry  has 
not  yet  been  able  to  ascertain  or  discover;  something 
desired,  (pL  desidey-ata.')  L.  desideratus,  p.  part,  of 
desidero,  to  desire. 

DESIGN.  V.  To  intend,  or  invent.  L.  design o;  dc,  out 
of,  and  signo,  to  mark. 

DESIGNATE,  v.  To  distinguish;  to  name.  L.  desig- 
natuni,  sup.  oi  desig7io. — See  DESIGN. 

DESIST,  -u.  To  cease.  L.  desisto;  de,  from,  and  sisto^ 
to  stop. 

DESOLATE,  v.  To  depopulate;  to  lay  waste.  L.  dcso- 
lo;  from  de,  and  solus,  alone. 

DESPAIR.  V.  To  be  without  hope.  L.  desjiero;  dc,  sig- 
nifying deprivation,  and  sjiero,  to  hope. 

DESPERATE,  adj.  Without  hope;  rash.  L.  dcsfiera- 
tus.-^^Qe  DESPAIR, 


DES— DET 

DESPICABLE,  adj.  Contemptible.  L.  desfiicabilis;  de- 

s/iicio^  to  look  down. — See  DESPISE. 
DESPISE.  V.  To  contemn;  to  disrespect.    Old  F.  de- 

sfiiser;  L.  desfiicio^  to  look  down. 
DESPOIL.  V.  To  plunder.  L.  desjiolio;  de,  from,  and 

sfiolio,  to  plunder. 
DESPOND,  v.  To  despair.    L.  desfiondeo;   de^   from, 

and  spondeo^  to  promise  freely.     Despondeo  signifies 

not  only  to  promise  freely^  but  to  despair;  exhibiting 

a  remarkable   instance   of  perversion   in   the   Latin 

tongue. 
DESPOT,  s.  An  absolute  monarch  ;  a  tyrant.  G.  des- 

potes^  a  ruler,  or  the  possessor  of  another's  estate. 
DESTINE,  -v.  To  doom ;  to  design.  L.  destino^  to  bind 

fast  together,  fix,  or  appoint. 
DESTITUTE,  adj.  Friendless;  in  want.  L.  destiintus, 

p.  part,  of  destituoi  from  de^  without,  and  statuor^  to 

be  placed. 
DESTROY.  T'.  To  lay  waste:  to  consume.  L.  destriio; 

de^  from,  and  struo,  to  build. 
DESTRUCTIVE,  a^y.  Causing  destruction.  L.  destruc- 

tivus;  from  destructus-,  p.  part,  of  cffs^rwo.— See  DE- 
STROY. 
DESULTORY,  adj.  Roving  from  place  to  place;  in- 
constant ;    immethodical.    L.  desultorius:    desultum^ 

sup.  of  desilio;  de.,  from,  and  salio^  to  leap. 
DETACH.  V.  To  separate;  to  send  away.  F.  detacher; 

L.  f/f,  from,  and  tactinn.,  sup.  of  tango^  to  touch. 
DETAIL.  V.  To  relate  minutely.   F.  detailler,  to  cut 

into  pieceSa 
DETAIN.  V.  To  restrain;  to  hold.  L.  detinco;  de,  from, 

and  teneo,  to  hold. 
DETECT.  V.  To  discover.  L.  detectu?n,  sup.  oi  detcgo^ 

to  uncover. 
DETENTION,  s.  The  act  of  detaining.  L.  detentio,-^ 

See  DETAIN. 
DETER.  V.  To  intimidate.  L.  deterreo;  de,  from,  and 

terreo^  to  aft'right. 
DETERGENT,  adj.  Cleansing.  L.  detergens^  part,  of 

deiergo;  de,  from,  and  tergo^  to  wipe. 
DETERMINE,  v.  To  conclude ;  to  resolve.  L.  deter- 

miJiOi  de,  concerning,  and  £cr?ninOj  to  boundj  or  finish* 


DET— DEV 

DETERSIVE,  adj.  Cleansing.  F.  detersif.^^ce  DE- 

TERGENT. 
DETEST.  X'.  To  abhor.  L.  dctestor;  de,  from,  and  tes- 

tor,  to  attest. 
DETHRONE,  v.  To  deprive  of  regal  power.  L.  rfc,  from, 

and  throne. 
DETONATE,  v.  To  make  a  loud  noise,  by  explosion. 

L.  detono:  comp.  of  de,  from,  and  tono,  to  thunder. 
DETORT.  V.  To  wrest  from  the  original  meaning  or 

design.  L.  detortum,  sup.  oi  dctorqueo;  de,  from,  and 

torcjueo,  to  twist. 
DETRACT.  V.  To  take  away;  to  derogate.  L.  detrac- 

turn,  sup.  oi  detraho:  de,  from.,  and  traho,  to  draw. 
DETRIMENT,    s.   Loss ;   damage.    L.   detrimentum; 

from  deter Oy  to  bruise  or  beat  out;  de^  from,  and  tero^ 

to  rub. 
DETRUDE.  IK  To  thrust  out;  to  thrust  down.  L.  de~ 

trudo:  de,  from,  and  trudo,  to  thrust. 
DETRUNCATE,  -v.  To  lop  off.  L.  detvunco;  de,  from, 

and  trunco,  to  cut. 
DETRUSION.  s.  The  act  of  detruding.  L.  detrusioi 

from  detrususy  p.  part,  of  detrudo. — See  DETRUDE, 
DEUCE,  s.  Two.  F.  deux;  L.  duo,  two. 
DEUTERONOMY,  s.  The   second  book  of  the  law; 

fifth  book  of  Moses.  G.  deuteros,  the  second,  and  710- 

mosj  a  law. 
DEVASTATE,  v.  To  lay  waste.   L.  devasto;  vastus, 

waste. 
DEVELOP.  V.  To  make  known;  to  explain.  F.  develo- 
per: L.  de,  from,  and  velum,  a  veil. 
DEVEST,  or  DIVEST,  v.  To  strip;  (with  crf.)  F.  de^ 

vester;  L-  de,  from,  and  vestis,  a  garment. 
DEVIATE.  V.  To  go  out  of  the  usual  way;  to  err.  L-, 

de,  from,  and  via,  a  way. 
DEVICE,  s.  A  stratagem;  a  design;  an  emblem.  F.  de*- 

vise;  L.  de,  from,  and  visus,  the  sight. 
DEVIOUS,  adj.  Out  of  the  usual  track;  erring.  L.  de- 

vius.—^cc  DEVIATE. 
DEVISE.  V.  To  contrive.  F.  rf^'/^^r.— -See  DEVICE. 
DEVOLUTION,    s.  Act  of  devolving.    L.  devolution 

devolutus^  p.  part,  of  fi^ex-o/vo,— See  DEVOLVE. 


DEV— DIA 

DEVOLVE.  V.  To  roll  from;  to  pass  from.  L.  devolvo; 

dcj  from,  and  volvo^  to  roll. 
DEV^OTE.  -u.  To  dedicate;  to  appropriate;  to  consign. 

L.  devotii?}!,  sup.  of  devoveo,  to  vow. 
DEVOUR,  -v.  To  eat  ravenously.  L.  devoro,  to  devour. 
DEVOUT,    adj.  Religious.    L.   devotus. See  DE» 

VOTE. 
DEXTEROUS,  adj.  Expert.  L.  dexter;  from  dextrc^ 

the  right  hand. 
DEXTRAL.  adj.  Relating  to  the  right.  L.  dextra^  the 

right  hand. 
DLA.BETES.  s.  A  morbid  copiousness  of  urine.  G.  dia- 

baites;  G.  dia^  through,  and  haino^  to  go. 
DIABOLICAL,  adj.  Atrocious.  L.  diaboliciis;  dlabo- 

lus,  the  devil. 
DIACHYLUM,  s.  A  medical  preparation,  composed  of 

juices.  G.  dia,  through,  and  chulon^  juice. 
DIADEM,  s.  A  royal  crown.  L.  diadema;  G.  diade?na; 

dia,  aroundy  and  deo,  to  bind. 
DIJLRESIS.  s.  The  disjunction  of  syllables;  ('")  as,  in 

cobfierate;   G.  diaU'csls;  from  dia,  through,  and  aireo, 

to  cut. 
DIAGONAL,  adj.  Reaching  from  one  corner  or  angle 

to  another,  so  as  to  divide  a  parallelogram  into  two 

equal  parts.  G.  diagoniosj  dia^  through,  and  gG7iia^  a 

corner. 
DIAGRAM,  s.  Delineation  of  a  geometrical  figure.  G. 

dlagramma;  dia^  through,  and  gramma,  a  letter,  or 

thing  written. 
DIAL.  .9.  A  plate  marked  with  the  hours.  L.  dies,  a  day 
DIALECT,  s.  The  subdivision  of  a  language,  as  the 

Attic  or  Doric  forms  of  the  Greek;  a  mode  of  speech 

which  a  people  have  chosen  or  adopted ;  language  in 

general.    G.    dialektos;    dia^   through,    and   lego,    to. 

choose. 
DIALECTICS,  a.  The  science  of  dialects;  logic— See 

DIALECT. 
DIALEIPSIS.    s.  The  cavity  or  space  formed   by  a 

wound.  G.  dla,  between,  and  leijio,  to  leave. 
DIALOGUE,   s.  Conversation   between  two  or  more 

persons.  G.  diaiogos;  from  dia,  between,  and  logos^  a 

discourse. 


DIA— DIG 

DIAMETER.  5.  A  line  which  divides  the  area  of  a  cir- 
cle into  two  equal  parts.  G.  dia,  through,  and  metreo^ 
to  measure. 

DIAMETRICAL,  adj.  Describing  a  diameter;  crossing 
in  the  manner  of  a  diameter,  and  hence  denoting  divi- 
sion or  opposition. — See  DIAMETER. 

DIAPASON.  5.  A  musical  chord  which  includes  all 
the  tones.    G.  rf/a,  through,  and  jias^  all. 

DIAPHRAGM,  s.  The  midriff' which  divides  the  up- 
per cavity  of  the  body  from  the  lower.  G.  diafihragma; 
diay  through,  and  Jihragma^  a  fence. 

DIARRHCEA.  s,  A  flux  of  the  body.  L.  diarrhoea; 
G.  diarrhoie;  comp.  of  rf/a,  from,  and  rheo^  to  flow. 

DIARRIiCETIC.  adj.  Purgative.—See  DIARRHCEA. 

DIARY,  s.  A  daily  register.  L.  diarium;  from  dies^  a 
day. 

DICTATE.  V.  To  speak  as  one  having  authority;  to 
direct.  L.  frequentative  v.  dicto^  to  speak  often :  dicoy 
to  speak. 

DICTION,  s.  Style;  language.    F.  diction;    L.  dictio; 


dico. 


to  speak. 


DICTIONARY,  s.  A  book  containing  the   form  and 

explanation  of  words. — See  DICTION. 
DIDACTIC,  or  DIDACTICAL,  adj.  Instructive.  G, 

didaktikos;   didasko,  to  teach. 
DIi:S  jVOjV.  a  day  on  which  no  legal  proceedings  can 

take  place,  or  on  which  public  offices  are  shut.  L.  dies, 

a  day,  and  7ion,  not. 
DIFFER.  V.  To  disagree.  L.  differo;  dis,  asunder,  and 

fero^  to  carry. 
DIFFICULTY,  s.  Trouble;  opposition.  L.  difficultafi; 

from  difficilis;  disy  meaning  deprivation,  and  facilis^ 

easv. 
DIFFIDENT,   adj.  Distrustful.    L.   diffidens,  part,   of 

diffido;  dis,  without,  and^f/f*,  faith. 
DIFFUSE.  V.  To  spread.  L.  diffusum-f  sup.  oi  diffundo; 

dis,  asunder,  and /undo,  to  pour  out. 
DIGEST.  V.  To  arrange;  to  dissolve,  as  in  the  stomach. 

L.  digestum,  sup.  of  digero,  to  divide:  di,   asunder, 

and  gero^  to  carry. 
DIGIT,  s.  Three-fourths  of  an  inch.  L.  digitus^  a  finger, 

or  finger's  breadth. 


DIG— DIP 

DIGNIFY.  V.  To  exalt;  to  honour.  L.  digniis^  honour- 
able, and^o,  to  be  made. 
DIGNITARY,  s.  A  clerg-yman  of  high  rank.  F.  digni- 

taire:  L.  dignitas^  dignity:  from  dignus^  worthy,  or 

honourable. 
DIGRESS.  ~o.  To  turn  aside.  L.  digressus^  part,  oi  di- 

gredior:  dis,  from,  and  gradus^  a  step. 
DILACERATE.  ik  To  rend.  L.  dilacei^o:  dis,  asunder, 

and  lacero,  to  tear. 
DILATE.  V.  To  extend;  to  enlarge.  L.  dilato:  dis,  asun- 
der, and  latuniy  sup.  o^  fero^  to  carry. 
DILATORY,    adj.    Slow.    L.   dilatarius. See  DI- 
LATE. 
DILEMMA,    s.   An   argument  equally   conclusive  by 

contrary  suppositions;  a  difficult  choice.  G.  dilemina: 

dis^  double,  and  iem?7ia,  an  argument. 
DILUCIDATE.  v.  To  make  clear.  L.  dilucido;  from 

di,  signifying  through,  and  lucidusj  bright :  lucis,  gen. 

of  lux^  light. 
DILUTE.  V,  To  make  thin.  L.  dilutum^  sup.  of  diluo^ 

to  temper,  or  mix. 
DIME.  .9.  A  coin  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in 

value  the  tenth  of  a  dollar.     Derived,  through  the  F. 

from  L.  decimus^  a  tenth. 
DIMENSION,  s.  Extent.  L.  dimensio:  di?nensus,  part. 

of  dimetior^  to  measure. 
DIMINISH.  X'.  To  lessen.  L.  diminiio:  mino?-,  less. 
DIOCESE.  .9.  The  circuit  of  a  bishop's  jurisdiction.  G. 

dia^  through,  and  oikesis^  a  habitation. 
DIOPTRIC,  adj.  Affording  a  medium   for  the  sight; 

assisting  the  sight  in  viewing  distant  objects.  G.   dia, 

through,  and  o/itomai,  to  view. 
DIPHTHONG,    s.   A   coalition  of  two  vowels  in  one 

sound.   G.  dijihthongos;  dis^  twice,  and  JihthongoS'^  a 

sound. 
DIPLOMA,  s.  A  certificate,  conferring  some  privilege. 

G.  diploma:  from  dipl6-o^  to  fold. 
DIPLOMATIC,  adj.  Privileged;  relating  to  the  office 

of  an  ambassador.  F.  diplomatique.- — See  DIPLOMA. 
DIPLOMATiqUE.  adj.  Relating  to  the  offixe  of  an 

ambassador.   F.~See  DIPLOMATIC. 


DIP— DIS 

©IPTOTE.  s.  A  noun  having  only  two  cases.  G.  di/i- 
tola;  dis,  twice,  and  /itosis,  a  case. 

DIRECT,  adj.  Straight;  immediate;  express.  L.  direc- 
tus,  p.  part.  o{  dirigo:  di,  signifying  through,  and  re- 
go,  to  guide. 

DIRUPTION.  s.  Act  of  rending.  L.  diruptio:  dirufi- 
ius,  p.  part,  oi  dirumpo;  from  dis,  or  di,  asunder,  and 
rumfio,  to  break. 

DISx\BLE.  V.  To  deprive  of  ability.  L.  dis,  signifying 
deprivation,  and  able. 

DISBURSE.  V.  To  pay;  to  expend.  L.  dis,  from,  and 
bursa,  a  purse. 

DISASTER,  s.  Originally  meant  the  supposed  blast  or 
stroke  of  an  unfavourable  planet;  it^now  denotes  mis- 
fortune. F.  disastre:  L.  dls,  signifying  separation,  and 
astruvi,  a  star. 

DISCERN.  V.  To  distinguish.  L.  discerno;  dis,  asun- 
der, and  ccryio,  to  perceive. 

DISCIPLE.  .9.  A  scholar;  a  follower.  L.  discifiulus;  from 
disco,  to  learn. 

DISCIPLINE,   s.  Rule;  mode.    L.  discijilina. See 

DISCIPLE. 

DISCLAIM.  V.  To  disown;  to  disavow.  L.  dis,  mean- 
ing separation,  and  claim. 

DISCONSOLATE,  adj.  Comfortless;  sorrowful.  L.  dis, 
meaning  deprivation,  and  consolatus,  part,  of  consolor^ 
to  comfort. 

DISCORD,  s.  Disagreement.  L.  discordia;  dis,  asun- 
der, and  corda,  (pi.  of  cor,)  hearts. 

DISCOURSE,  s.  Conversation.  F.  discours;  from  the 
L.  discursus,  a  running  backward  and  forward ;  dis- 
curso;  dis,  from,  and  curro,  to  run. 

DISCOVER,  -v.  To  find  out;  to  make  known.  L.  dis^ 
from,  and  cover. 

DISCREET,  adj.  Prudent;  modest.  F.  discret, — See 
DISCRETION. 

DISCRETION.  5.  Prudence;  unconditional  power.  L, 
discretio;  discretus,  p.  part,  of  discerno See  DIS- 
CERN. 

DISCRETIVE.  adj.  In  logic  and  grammar,  denotes 
disjunction,  or  opposition.  L.  discretusy  severed,  p. 
part,  oi  discerrio. — See  DISCERN. 


DIS— DIS 

DISCRIMINATE,  -v.  To  distinguish.  This  word,  in 
accordance  with  its  derivation,  should  refer  to  the  dis- 
tinguishing of  degrees  of  crime.  L.  discriminoj  disy 
asunder,  and  cri7iie7i^  a  fault. 

DISCURSIVE,  adj.  Desultory.  L.  discurso,—^&Q  DIS- 
COURSE. 

DISCUSS,  -u.  To  examine;  to  argue.  L.  discussum,  sup. 
of  discutio,  to  shake  into  pieces. 

DISDAIN.  V.  To  scorn.  L.  dis,  not,  and  F.  daigner,  to 
condescend. 

DISEASE,  s.  Distemper.  L.  dis,  meaning  deprivation, 
and  ease. 

DISFRANCHISE,  v.  To  deprive  of  a  civil  privilege. 
L.  dis,  denoting  deprivation,  and  franchise. 

DISGORGE.  V.  To  discharge  through  the  mouth.  L. 
dls,  from,  and  F.  gorge ^  the  throat. 

DISGUISE.  V.  To  conceal,  by  a  counterfeit  appear- 
ance. L.  dis,  denoting  deprivation,  and  F.  guise^  man- 
ner. 

DISGUST,  s.  Aversion.  L.  dis^  from,  and  gustus,  the 
taste. 

DISHABILLE,  s.  Undress.  F.  deshabille;  L.  dis,  not, 
and  F.  habille,  dressed. 

DISHEVEL,  -v.  To  spread  [the  hair.]  F.  decheveler; 
L.  dis^  asunder,  and  ¥.  chex'eu.,  hair. 

DISINGENUOUS,  adj.  Uncandid;  unfair.  L.  dis,  mean- 
ing deprivation,  and  ingenuous, 

DISJUNCTIVE,  adj.  Denoting  separation,  or  opposi- 
tion. L.  disjujictiDus;  disjungo^  to  separate. 

DISLOCATE.  X'.  To  put  out  of  the  proper  place;  to 
disjoint.  L.  dU^  asunder,  and  loco.^  to  place. 

DISMISS.  V.  To  send  away.  L.  dis^  from,  and  missum^ 
sup.  of  mitto^  to  send. 

DISPARITY,  s.  Inequality;  unlikeness.  F.  disparite; 
L.  dispar.,  unlike:  comp.  of  dis,  denoting  separation, 
and  fiar^  equal. 

DISPEL.  V.  To  drive  away,  by  scattering;  to  dissipate 
L.  disfiello;  dis,  asunder,  and  /lelloy  to  drive. 

DISPENSARY,  s.  A  place  from  which  medicines  arc 
given.  F.  dispe7isaii'e. — 'See  DISPENSE. 

DISPENSE.  V.  To  distribute,  (to  dispense  wzY/z,  to  ex- 


DIS— DIS 

disc)  F.  dispenser;  L.  dis^  asunder,  2in^  fiensum^  sup. 

oi  fiendo,  to  weigh. 
DISPENSATORY,    s.  A  pharmacopoeia,  or  book  in 

which  the  composition  of  medicines  is  described  and 

directed.— See  DISPENSE. 
DISPERSE.  V.  To  scatter.  L.  disfiersum^  sup.  of  dis- 

pergo:  dis^  asunder,  and  sfiai'go^  to  scatter. 
DISPOSE,  -v.  To  distribute;  to  arrange;  to  incline.  F. 

disposer:  L.  dis^  asunder,  B.nd  positu?ny  sup.  oi'  ponoy 

,to  place. 
DISRUPTION.  5.  Act  of  rending.  L.  disriiptio.—Scc^ 

DIRUPTION;  a  word  which  is  more  elegant  than 

disruption. 
DISSECT.  V.  To  cut  into  parts.  L.  dissectu?ny  sup.  of 

disseco:  dis,  asunder,  and  seco,  to  cut. 
DISSEMBLE,  v.  To  hide  under  a  fictitious  appearance. 

Old  F.  disseinbler;  L.  dissimulo:  comp.  oi  dis^  noting 

deprivation,  and  simiLis^  like. 
DISSEMINATE,    v.   To    spread.    L.   dissemino:    dis^ 

asunder,  and  se?7ii?io,  to  sow  :  seiyien^  seed. 
DISSENT.    V,   To   disagree  in   opinion.    L.  dissent io: 

from  dis,  asunder,  and  sentio,  to  think. 
DISSERTATION,  s.  A  disquisition;  a  treatise.  L.  dis- 

sertatio:  from  the  frequentative  v.  disserto^  to  argue. 
DISSIMULATION,  s.  Act  of  dissembling.  L.  dissimu- 

latio.-^Sec  DISSEMBLE. 
DISSIPATE.  V.  To  disperse;  to  squander.  L.  dissipOy 

to  scatter. 
DISSOLUTE,  adj.  Unrestrained;  wanton.  L.  dissolu- 

tiis^  p.  part.  o{  dissolvo. — See  DISSOLVE. 
DISSOLUTION,  s.  Separation;  death,  h.  dissoludo. — 

See  DISSOLVE. 
DISSOLVE.  V.  To  unbind;  to  melt.  L.  dissolvo:  dis, 

asunder,  and  solvoy  to  untie. 
DISSONANT,  adj.  Discordant.  L.  dissoyiansy  part,  of 

dissono:   from   disy    noting   opposition,    and   sonoy   t© 

sound. 
DISSUADE.  T'.  To  advise  against.  L.  dissuadeo:  dis^ 

from,  and  suadeo,  to  persuade. 
DISSYLLABLE,  s.  A  word  of  two   syllables.  G.  dis, 

twofold,  and  syllable, 
DISTANCE,  s.  Intervening  space ;  remoteness ;  respect  i 


DIS— -DIV 

reserve.  P.  distans:  L.  distantia;  from  dis^  asundei., 

and  stans,  part,  of  sto^  to  stand. 
DISTEND.  V.  To  stretch  out  in  breadth.  L.  distendo: 

dls^  asunder,  and  tendo,  to  spread. 
DISTICH,  s.  A  couplet.  L.  distichon:  G.  c^fs,  twofold, 

and  stik'osj  a  verse. 
DISTIL.  V.  To   fall  in  drops;   to  make   spirituous  li- 
quors. L.  distillo:  dis^  asunder,  and  stillo^  to  drop. 
DISTINCT,   adj.    Separate;  articulate.    L.  distbictus, 

p.  part,  of  distinguo. — See  DISTINGUISH. 
DISTINGUISH.    V.   To  mark;   to   see  objects  sepa- 

pp^rately.  L.  distinguo:  from  dis^  separately,  and  tingo, 

to  dye  or  colour. 
DISTORT.  V.   To  writhe;   to   deform.    L.   disiortum^ 

sup.  of  distorqueo:  dis,  from,  and  tor^gueo^  to  twist. 
DISTRACT.  V.  To  divide;  to  perplex;  to  make  insane. 

L.  distractum^  sup.  of  distraho:  comp.  of  cf/5,  asun- 
der, and  trahoy  to  draw. 
DISTRAIN.  X'.  To  seize  legally.  L.  distrijigo,  to  bind 

fast. 
DISTRESS,  s.  Legal  seizure;  misery.  F.  disti-esse:  L. 

districtus,  p.  part,  oi  distringo. — See  DISTRAIN. 
DISTRIBUTE,  v.  To  divide  amongst  more  than  two. 

L.  distribuo:  dis,  asunder,  and  tribuo^  to  bestow. 
DISTRICT,  s.  Circuit  of  authority;  province;  division. 

L.  districtus,  p.  part,  oi  distringo,  to  bind. 
DISTURB,  s.  To  disquiet.  L.  disturbo:  disy  separately* 

and  turboy  to  disorder:  turba^  a  crowd. 
DIURETIC,  adj.  Promoting  urine.  F.  diuretique:  G, 

diouretikos:  comp.  of  c/m,  from,  and   oureoy  to  make 

water. 
DIURNAL,  adj.  Daily.  L.  diur7ius;  from  dies^  a  day. 
DIVERGE,  -u.  To  tend  various  ways  from  one  point.  L. 

divergo:  di,  from,  and  vergo,  to  decline,  or  bend. 
DTVERS.— See  DIVERSE. 
DIVERSE',  adj.  Different;  in  various  directions.  L.  di- 

versus,  p.  part,  of  diver  to:  di,  asunder,  and  verto,  to 

turn. 
DIVERT.    V.   To   turn  aside;   to   amuse.    L.  diverto: 

comp.  of  di,  from,  and  verto,  to  turn. 
DIVEST.  V. — See  DEVEST;  which  is  more  conform- 
able with  the  derivation,  and  more  generally  used. 


DIV— DOM 

DIVIDE.  V.  To  separate;  to  give  in  shares.  L.  dividuo: 
comp.  of  c//,  asunder,  and  an  Etrurian  verb,  iduo^  to 
separate. 

DIVIDE  ET  IMPERA.  Divide  and  govern :— the 
maxim  of  nearly  all  monarchal  governments.  L.  di- 
■vidc^  (imperative  of  divldo^  divide,  tt^  and,  imjiera^ 
(imperative  of  imfitro^  govern. 

DIVIDEND.  6'.  In  arithmetic,  the  number  to  be  divided  ; 
a  share  ascertained  by  division.  L.  dividcndus^  to  be 
divided:  part,  oi  dh'ido, 

DIVINE,  adj.  Heavenly.  L.  divinus:  divi^  the  gods. 

DIVINE,  -u.  To  foretel,  as  by  divine  inspiration. — See 
•  the  adjective. 

DIVISION,  s.  The  act  of  dividing;  partition;  dis- 
union. L.  divisio:  drvisus,  p.  part,  of  divido. — See 
DIVIDE. 

DIVORCE,  s.  Legal  separation  of  husband  and  wife. 
F.  divorce:  L.  dix'orsiis,  p.  part,  of  divorto^  (synony- 
mous with  dl-verto.,')  to  turn  away. 

DIVULGE,  -u.  To  reveal.  L.  divulgo:  di,  meaning 
amongst,  and  zmlg-us,  the  common  people. 

DOCILE,  adj.  Tractable.  F.  docile:  L.  docilis;  doceo. 
to  teach. 

DOCTOR,  s.  One  who  has  received  a  collegiate  diplo- 
ma for  his  skill  in  divinity,  law,  physic,  8cc.  L.  doctor, 
a  teacher;  from  doceo^  to  teach. 

DOCTRINE,  s.  That  which  is  taught.  L.  doctrina.-^ 
See  DOCTOR. 

DOCUMENT,  s.  Written  evidence,  or  means  of  infor- 
mation. L.  docinyientum:  from  doceo^  to  teach. 

DOGMA.  ,9.  Established  principle;  doctrinal  notion.  G. 
doi':ma.,  a  command. 

DOGMATICAL,  adj.  Authoritative.— See  DOGMA. 
DOLEFUL,  adj.  Sorrowful.  L.  doleo.^  to  grieve. 
DOLOROUS,  adj.  Sorrowful;  gloomy.  L.  dolor .^  pain, 

or  sorrow. 
DOMAIN,  s.  Dominion;  estate;  demesne.  F.  domaine; 
L.    dominium:    from   dominiis.^   a  master;    domus-j    a 
house. 
DOME.  8.  A  house;  a  large  cupola.  F.  dome:  L.  domufs, 
a  house. 


DOM— DRA 

DOMESTIC,  adj.  Relating  to  home.  L.  domesticus; 
domus,  a  house. 

DOMICILIARY,  adj.  A  domiciliary  visit  is  an  intru- 
sion, by  governmental  authority,  into  a  dwelling 
house.  F.  domicile^  a  habitation:  domus^  a  house. 

DOMINANT,  adj.  Predominant;  ascendant.  F.  domi- 
7ia7it^  part,  of  domiyier. — See  DOMINEER. 

DOMINEER.  X'.  To  rule,  or  command  with  insolence. 
F.  dominer:  L.  dominor^  to  govern:  dominus-)  a  mas- 
ter; domus.,  a  house. 

DOMINICAL,  adj.  That  which  marks  Sunday.  L.  do^ 
minicalis;   Dominus.^  the  Lord. 

DOMINION.  6'.  Sovereign  power;  territory.  L.  domi- 
nium: dominus^  a  master. 

DONATION,  s.  A  gift.  L.  donatio:  dona,  to  give. 

DONOR,  s.  A  giver.  L.  dono^  to  give. 

DORMANT,  adj.  Sleeping;  inoperative;  concealed.  F. 
dormant.)  part,  of  dormir^  to  sleep  :  L.  dorinio^  to  sleep, 

DORMITIVE.  adj.  Promoting  sleep.  Y.  dormltif:  L. 
dormlo^  to  sleep. 

DORMITORY,  s.  Sleeping-room.  L.  dor7jiitoriu77i:  dor- 
mio.,  to  sleep. 

DORMOUSE,  s.  A  mouse  which  sleeps  during  part 
of  winter.  L.  dorinio,  to  sleep,  and  mouse. 

DOSE.  s.  A  prescribed  quantity.  F.  dose:  G.  dosis,  an 
allowance. 

DOSOLOGY.  5.  A  treatise  on  the  quantity  of  medicine 
to  be  taken  at  one  time.  G.  dosis^  a  dose,  and  logos,  a 
discourse. 

DOUBLE  JEA'TEA'DRjE.  s.  An  obscene  allusion  hi 
disguise.  F.  double,  double,  and  entendre,  to  under- 
stand. 

DOUCEUR.  5.  A  bribe;  compensation.  F.  douceur. 
sweetness. 

DOWER,  s.  A  wife's  marriage-portion,  or  a  widow's 
possession.  F.  douaire:  doner,  to  bestow^ 

DOXOLOGY.  s.  A  form  of  glorifying  God.  G.  doxu, 
glory,  and  logos,  a  word. 

DRAMA,  s.  A  theatrical  representation.  G.  drama: 
drao,  to  act. 

DRAPER.  5.  One  who  sells  cloth.  F.  drapieri  from 
draft,  cloth. 


DRA— DUR 

DRAPERY,  s.  Cloth;  ornamental  part  of  curtains;  imi- 
tation of  dress  by  a  painter  or  statuary.  F.  dra/ieric: 
dra/i,  cloth. 

DROPSY,  s.  A  collection  of  water  in  the  body.  L.  //y- 
dro/is:   G.  hudor^  water,  and  ofis^  an  appearance. 

DRUID,  s.  One  of  the  priests  who  worshiped  in  groves; 
called,  by  Ccesar,  druides;  supposed  from  the  G.  driis^ 
an  oak. 

DRYADS,  s.  Wood-nymphs.  L.  dryades;  G.  druades: 
from  drus^,  an  oak. 

DUBIOUS,  adj.  Doubtful;  uncertain.  L.  dubliis:  from 
duhiujyi^  a  doubt:  duo.,  two. 

DUCTILE,  adj.  Flexible;  easily  extended.  L.  ductilis; 
from  diicoy  to  draw. 

DUEL.  s.  A  combat  between  two  persons.  F.  duel:  L. 
due  Hum:  duo,  two. 

DULCET,  adj.  Sweet;  harmonious.  L.  dulcis,  sweet. 

DULCIMER.  6-.  A  musical  instrument.  L.  dulcis, 
sweet. 

DUODECIMO,  s.  A  book  formed  by  folding  a  sheet  of 
paper  into  twelve  leaves.  (12mo.)  L.  duodecimus,  the 
twelfth. 

DUPLICATE,  s.  A  copy,  generally  the  first.  L.  dupn- 
cat7is.)  p.  part,  duplico,  to  double. 

DUPLICITY,  s.  Deceit  by  using  two  appearances.  F. 
d^ifilicite;  L.  dufilicis,  gen.  of  duplex.)  double;  duo, 
two,  and  filico,  to  fold. 

DURABLE,  adj.  Lasting.  L.  durabilis;  duro,  to  con- 
tinue. 

DURANCE,  s.  Imprisonment.  L.  durans,  part,  of  duro, 
to  remain. 

BVRAjYTE  BEA'E  PLACITO.  At  the  will  of  the 
person  granting; — literally,  "our  decree,  or  pleasure 
happily  continuing."  L. 

DURING,  prefi.  For  the  time  of  the  continuance  of. 
L.  duro,  to  continue.  During  is  often  improperly 
used:  it  it  ungrammatical  to  say,  that  an  event  oc- 
curred "  during  the  war,"  or  "  during  his  confine- 
ment," because  the  term  during  includes  the  whole 
period  of  the  war,  or  the  whole  period  of  the  con- 
finement, and  an  event  happens  in  only  a  iiart  of  that 
period. 

[9»] 


DYN—ECS 

DYNASTY,  s.  Sovereignty  F.  dyjiasties  G.  dunasteia, 
from  du7iastes^  a  ruler. 

DYSENTERY,  s.  A  disorder  of  the  bowels.  L.  dysen- 
tcria;  G.  dusenteria;  Q^w*,  with  difficulty,  and  enterouy 
a  bowel. 

DYSPEPSIA,  or  DYSPEPSY.  s.  Imperfect  digestion. 
G.  dusfiefisia;  dus^  with  difficulty,  and  peljto^  to  di- 
gest. 


E. 

EBRIETY.  8.  Drunkenness.  L.  ebrietas^  drunkenness. 

EBULLITION,  s.  Act  of  boiling  up  wdth  heat;  effer- 
vescence. F.  ebullition;  L.  ebullio^  to  boil,  or  bubble 
up:  e,  from,  and  bulla^  a  bubble. 

ECCE  HOMO.  Behold  the  man.  L.  ecce,  Lo !  homo, 
the  man. 

ECCENTRIC,  adj.  Deviating  from  the  centre;  irregu- 
lar; uncommon.  L.  eccentricusj  ex,  from,  and  ceyi- 
trum,  a  centre. 

ECCLESIASTICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  church.  L, 
ecclesiasticus;  G.  ekklesia,  the  church. 

£CCE  SIGJ\^UM.  Behold  the  sign,  or  mark.  L.  ecce, 
Lo  !  signum,  the  sign. 

ECLAIRCISSEMEjYT,  oy  ECLAIRISSEMEJ^T.  s. 
Explanation.  F.  eclaircissement:  eclaircir,  to  clear: 
eclairer,  to  give  light. 

ECLAT,  s.  Publicity;  lustre.  F.  eclat,  a  crack. 

ECLECTIC,  adj.  Selecting.  G.  eklektikos:  ek,  out  of, 
and  lektos,  chosen;  from  lego,  to  choose. 

ECLIPSE,  s.  The  obscuring  of  a  heavenly  luminary  by 
interposition.  G.  ekleifisis:  ekleifio,  to  desert. 

ECLIPTIC,  s.  A  great  circle  of  the  sphere,  supposed 
to  run  through  the  middle  of  the  zodiac,  making  an 
angle  with  the  equinoctial  of  about  23^  degrees  ; 
which  is  the  sun's  greatest  declination,  and  in  which 
his  eclipses  happen.  G.  ekleiptikos. — See  ECLIPSE. 

ECONOMY,  s.  Management;  frugality.  G.  oikono77iia: 
oikos,  a  house,  and  riomos,  a  law. 

ECSTASY,  or  EXTASY.  s.  Rapture.  G.  eketasls:  from 
ek^  out,  and  ataxia,  standing. 


EDI— EFF 

EDIBLE,  adj.  Proper  to  be  eaten.  L^  edoy  to  eat. 
EDICT,  s.  A  command;  a  law.  L.  edictuni:  c,  from,  and 

dicoy  to  say. 
EDIFICE,  s.  A  structure.  L.  cddijiciinn:  tedis,  a  build- 
ing, and yb:c?o,  to  make. 
EDITION,  s.  Publication;  meaning,  the  whole  number 

of  copies  of  a  book  printed  from  one  arrangement  of 

the  types.  L.  editio:  cdo,  to  publish;  e,  from,  and  do^ 

to  give. 
EDITOR,  s.  Publisher;  one  who  superintends  a  publi- 
cation. L.  editor:  edo,  to  publish. 
EDUCATE.  V.  To  instruct.  L.  educo:  e^  out  of  (mean- 
ing forward)  and  duco^  to  lead. 
EFFACE.  -0.  To  erase.  F.  effacer:  L.  e",  from,  and  fa~ 

ciesy  a  face. 
EFFECT,    s.   Consequence;   success;   design;   reality. 

L.  effectiiSy  p.  part,  of  efficio:  e^  from,  and  facio^  to 

make. 
EFFEMINATE,  adj.  Unmanlike;  womanish.  L.  effemz- 

natus:  feminay  a  woman. 
EFFERVESCE,  v.  To  boil  gently;  to  bubble.  L.  cf- 

fervescoy  to  ferment;  from  fcrvco^  to  be  hot. 
EFFICACIOUS,  adj.  Remedial.  L.  eJjica.T.—See  EF^ 

FECT. 
EFFICIENT,  adj.  Producing  an  eifect.  L.  efficiens.-^ 

See  EFFECT. 
EFFIGY,   s.  An  image.    L.  ejjiigies:  from   ejjingo,  to 

fashion. 
EFFLORESCENT,  adj.  Shooting  out  in  the  form  of 

flowers.  L.  eJ2orescensj  part,  oi  effioresco:  Jloris^  gen. 

oijlosy  a  flower. 
EFFLUVIA,  s.  Ascending  particles;   smell.  L.  pi.  of 

effluvium;  from  effluo. — Sec  EFFLUX. 
EFFLUX,  s.  Act  of  flowing  out;  thing  which  flows  out, 

L.  effluxusiy  p.  part,  of  effluo;  comp.  of  f,  from,  and 

jiuoy  to  flow. 
EFFORT,  s.  Laborious  endeavour.  F.  effort;  L.  fors.^ 

strength. 
EFFULGENT,  adj.  Shining;  luminous.  L.  effulgeiis^ 

part,  of  effulgeo;  e,  out  of,  ^Xi(l  fulgeo^  to  shine. 
EFFUSION,  s.  Act  of  pouring  out.  L.  effusio;  effusus., 

p.  part,  of  effu7idos  «>,  from,  and  fundo^  to  pour. 


EGO— ELL 

EGOTIST.  *.  One  who  talks  much  concerning  himself, 

L.  ego,  L 
EGREGIOUS,  adj.  ReiTiarkable;  eminently  bad:   the 

latter  is  the  usual  sense.  L.  egreghts;  e,  out  of,  and 

gregCy  abl.  o^ grex^  a  flock,  or  multitude. 
EGRESS.  *.  Departure;  means  of  departure.  L.  egres- 

sus,  part,  of  egredior;  c,  from,  and  gradior,  to  pro- 
ceed: gradus,  a  step. 
EJACULx\TE.  V.  To  utter  suddenly.  L.  ejaculor;  e, 

from,  and y'acM/or,  to  dart:  jacio,  to  throw. 
EJECT.  V.  To  throw  out;  to  expel.  L.  ejectum,  sup.  of 

ejicio;  e,  from,  and  ^V/c/o,  to  throw. 
ELABORATE,  adj.  Finished  with  great  diligence.  L. 

elaboratus,  p.  part,  of  elaboro,  to  labour:  e,  from,  and 

labor.,  labour. 
ELAPSE.  1).  To  pass  away.  L.  elafisus.^  part.  q{  elabor; 

<°,  from,  and  labor,  to  glide. 
ELASTIC,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  a  spring.  F.  elas- 

tique;  G.  elao,  to  repel. 
ELATE,  adj.  Elevated  by  success.  L.  elatus,  p.  part,  of 

effero;  ex,  from,  and y>ro,  to  carry. 
ELECT,  -v.  To   choose.  L.  electum,   sup.   of  eligo;  c^ 

from,  and  lego,  to  choose. 
ELECTRIC,  adj.  Relating  to  electricity.  L.  electrum, 

amber,  (which  is  attractive ;)  G.  elko,  to  draw. 
ELEEMOSYNARY,  adj.  Given  through  charity.    G. 

eleemosiine;  eleos,  compassion. 
ELEGANT,    adj.    Pleasing;    handsome.    L.    elegans; 

comp.  of  €,  from,  and  lego,  to  chcose. 
ELEGY,  s.  A  funeral  song.  L.  elegeia;  G.  elegos;  from 

eleos,  pity. 
ELEVATE.  V.  To  raise;  to  enliven.  L.  elevo:  c,  from, 

and  levo,  to  lift. 
ELE'VE.  s.  Disciple.  F.  eleve;  eleuer,  to  raise. — See 

ELEVATE. 
ELICIT.  V.  To  strike  out.  L.  ellcio,  to  draw,  or  strike 

out. 
ELIGIBLE,  adj.  Desirable.  L.  eligibills;  e,  from,  and 

lego,  to  choose. 
ELISION,  s.  The  act  of  cutting  out;  as  in  ivalk\l,  for 

ivalked.  L.  elisio;  eliszis,  p.  part,  of  elido,  to  strike  out. 
ELLIPSIS,  s.  A  figure  of  rhetoric,  by  which  something 


ELL— EME 

is  left  out ;  in  geometry,  an  oval  figure,  generated  from 

the  section  of  a  cone :  G.  ellei/wls;  cn^  in,  and  iei/io, 

to  fail. 
ELLIPTIC,  or   ELLIPTICAL,    adj.  Not  completely 

round;  oval.^ — See  ELLIPSIS. 
ELOCUTION,  s.  Art  of  speaking  with  elegance  and 

force.  L.  elocutio:  e,  out,  and  loquor^  to  speak. 
ELOQUENT,   adj.  Having  the  power  of  fluent,  ele- 
gant,   and  convincing    language.    L.   eloquens. — See 

ELOCUTION. 
ELUCIDATE,  xk  To  explain.  L.  elucido:  e,  from,  and 

luceo^  to  give  light:  lujc.^  light. 
ELUDE,  v.  To  avoid  ;  to  escape.    L.  eludo:  c,  from, 

and  ludo.1  to  play,  or  mock. 
EMACIATED,  adj.  Wasted;  lean.  L.  emacio^  to  make 

lean:  macks.,  leanness. 
EMANCIPATE,  -v.  To  set  free.  L.  emancifio:  c,  from, 

and  mancipo^  to  give  away. 
EMBARK.  V.  To   go  on  shipboard;  to  adventure.  F. 

embarguer:  en^  into,  and  barque^  a  large  boat. 
EMBASSY,  s.  A  public  message.  F.  ambassade.-^^QC 

AMBASSADOPv. 
EMBELLISH,  v.  To  adorn.  F.  embellir:  en,  into,  and 

belie,  handsome. 
EMBLEM,    s.  A  distinguishing  sign.    G.  embleuia,  a 

kind  of  insertion  work, — alluding  to  the  embroidery 

of  a  standard,  or  coat  of  arms. 
EMBOSS.  V.  To  embroider;  to  engrave  with  relief.  F. 

en,  into,  and  bosse,  a  protuberance. 
EMBRACE.  V.  To  fold  in  the  arms;  to  include.  F.  ein- 

brasser:  from  en,  in,  and  bras,  an  arm. 
EMBRYO,  s.  The  incipient  formation  in   the  womb: 

{^foetus,  signifies  the  child  in  the  womb,  after  it  is  per- 
fectly  formed.)     G.   embruyon:   en,   in,  and  bruo,  to 

grow. 
EMENDATION,  s.  Correction.  L.  emendatio:  e,  from, 

and  menda,  a  fault. 
EMERGE,  -v.  To  issue.  L.  emergo:  comp.  of  e,  from* 

and  margo,  a  brink. 
EMERGENCE,  or  EMERGENCY.  8.  Sudden  occa^ 

sion.— See  EMERGE. 


EME— ENC 

EMETIC,  adj.  Of  a  vomiting  quality.  F.  emetique:  G 
emeo,  to  vomit. 

EMIGRATE,  v.  To  change  the  place  of  abode.  L.  emi- 
gro:  d",  from,  and  migro^  to  remove. 

EMINENCE,  s.  Height;  a  high  place;  dignity.  L.  emi- 
nens^  part,  oi  emineo,  to  stand  above  others:  e,  from, 
and  minuo^  to  lessen;  meaning,  the  apparent  diminu- 
tion of  objects. 

EMINENT,  adj.  High;  conspicuous. See  EMI- 
NENCE. 

EMISSARY,  s.  One  sent  out  on  secret  business;  a 
spy.  L.  eviissarius:  from  cmissus^  p.  part,  of  emiito; 
comp.  off,  from,  and  mitto^  to  send. 

EMIT.  V.  To  issue.  L.  emitto,  e,  from,  and  mitto,  to 
send. 

EMOLLIENT,  adj.  Softening.  L.  emolliens;  7nolUs^ 
soft. 

EMOLUMENT,  s.  Profit.  L.  emolumentum;  comp.  of 
^,  from,  and  molimejitu??!,  an  enterprise  :  7nollor,  to 
toil. 

EMPEROR,  s.  A  monarch,  generally  supposed  to  reign 
over  many  countries.  F.  emfiereur;  L.  imfierator^ 
meaning  originally  a  commander  or  ruler:  from  imp.e- 
ro.,  to  rule. 

EMPIRE,  s.  Government;  territory  governed.  F.  fw- 
/2ire.— See  EMPEROR. 

EMPIRIC,  s.  A  quack;  F.  emfiirique ;  G.  emfieirikos; 
en^  in,  and  peira.,  an  experiment, 

EMPORIUM.  5'.  A  place  of  merchandise;  a  commer- 
cial city.  G.  emfLorioji;  emfioros^  a  merchant. 

EMPYREAN,  s.  The  highest  heaven.  G.  empuros;  en. 
in,  and  pur.,  fire. 

EMPYREUM.  *.  The  disagreeable  burned  taste  and 
smell,  which  sometimes  remains  after  boiling  or  distil- 
lation. G.  empureuma;  en,  in,  and /zwr,  fire. 

EMULATE.  V.  To  rival.  L.  (Himilor.,  to  rival. 

ENAMEL.  V.  To  inlay.  F.  einailler;  from  inaille^ 
speckled. 

ENAMOUR,  -v.  To  inflame  with  love.  F.  en.,  into,  and 
amour^  love:  L.  in  and  amor. 

ENCLITICS,  s.  Particles  which  are  closely  united  with 
other  words,    and   throw  back  the   accent  upon  the 


ENC— ENF 

'  foregoing  syllable.   G.  cnklitika;  en^  in,  or  upon,  and 

klino,  to  recline. 
ENCLOSE.    V.   To  envelop;  to   surmund.    F.   enclosy 

part,  of  enclorre^  to  enclose. — See  INCLOSE, 
ENCOMIUM.  8.  Praise.   G.  enkomion;  from  komazo^ 

to  celebrate  in  song. 
EXCORE.    Again.  F. 
ENCOUNTER,    s.  Conflict.    F.  eiicontre;    L.  contra^ 

against. 
ENCROACH.    V.  To  invade   another's  right;  to  pass 

bounds.  F.  accrocher^  to  catch:  croc^  a  hook. 
ENCUMBER,  v.  F.  encombrer.'—^eQ  INCUMBER. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA,  s.  The  circle  of  sciences;  a  work 

containing  information  on   every  science.   G.  enkuk- 

lofiaideia.^^c^  CYCLOPAEDIA. 
ENDEMIC,  adj.  Relating  to  a  disease  which  is  natural 

to  a  country.  G.  endemos;  en,  in,  and  demos,  the  peo- 
ple. 
ENDORSE.  V.  To  write  on  the  back  of  a  bill,  &c.  F. 

endosscr,   (formerly  endorser;')   en,   in,   and  dos,  the 

back:  L.  in,  and  dorsum. 
ENDOW.  X'.  To  enrich  by  a  gift.  F.  endouaire. — See 

DOWER. 
ENDURE.  V.  To  continue;  to  sustain.  F.  endurer;  L. 

in,  in,  and  duro,  to  continue. 
ENERGY,  s.  Natural  power;  force.  G.  energeia;  en, 

in,  and  ergon,  work. 
ENERVATE,  v.  To  weaken;  to  effeminate.  L.  ener- 

■vus:  comp.  of  e,  from,  and  nervus,  a  sinew. 
E.N'  FAMILLE.    In  the  usual  family  mode  ;  without 

ceremonv.  F.  en,  according  as,  famille,  the  family. 
ENFILADE,  -v.  To  pierce  from  flank  to  flank.  F.  enji- 

ler;  en,  in,  and  Jile,  a  row. 
jEA^  flute,     a  vessel  is  said  to  be  armed  en  Jlute, 

when  she  carries  only   her  upper  tier  of  guns;    her 

hold  being  filled  with  stores.     Flute  is  a  kind  of  long 

vessel,  serving  chiefly  for  the  carrying  of  provisions 

in  fleets  of  ships  of  war,  and  is  supposed  to  be  derived 

from  a  German  word,  signifying  to  float.  F.  en,  in  the 

manner  of,  flute,  a  flute. 
ENFRANCHISE,  -v.  To  admit  to  all  the  privileges  of 


ENG— ENU 

a  freeman;  to  invest  with  the  elective  privilege.  F. 
en,  into,  2iwdi  franchise^  freedom. 

ENGINE,  s.  A  machine.  F.  ejigin;  L.  ingenium,  a  con- 
trivance. 

ENGRAVE.  V.  To  cut  figures  in  any  substance.  F.  en- 
graver;  G.  en,  into,  and  grafiho^  to  write. 

ENGROSS,  -v.  To  monopolize;  to  copy  in  a  larger 
cha,racter.  F.  grossir^  to  enlarge. 

ENIGMA,  s.  An  obscure  question;  a  riddle.  G.  am/^- 
ma,  an  obscuits  speech. 

EJV MJSSE.  In  a  body:  a  military  levy  en  masse,  in- 
cludes the  whole  population  capable  of  bearing  arms, 
F.  en,  in,  masse,  a  mass. 

EJVjYUI.  s.  Weariness.  F. 

ENORMOUS,  adj.  Irregular;  extremely  large.  L.  e,  out 
of,  and  norjjia,  a  rule. 

ENTANGLE,  v.  To  involve;  to  confuse.  F.  en,  (used 
for  the  L.  in,)  and  L.  tangor,  to  be  beaten  together. 

ENTEROLOGY.  s.  An  anatomical  description  of  the 
intestines.  G.  enteron,  an  intestine,  and  logos,  a  de- 
scription. 

ENTERPRISE.  5.  Arduous  attempt.  F.  entreiirise;  en- 
trefirendre,  to  undertake. 

ENTERTAIN,  v.  To  amuse;  to  treat  hospitably;  to 
cherish  in  the  mind.  F.  entretenir;  L.  inter,  amongst, 
and  teneo,  to  hold,  or  retain. 

ENTHUSIASM,  s.  Heat  of  imagination;  violence  of 
passion;  elevation  of  fancy.  G.  enthusiasiyios;  en,  in, 
and  thusiazo,  to  sacrifice.  Enthusiasm  may  be  con- 
sidered as  an  internal  burning  of  oneself  in  sacrifice; 
as  a  passion  which  induces  one  to  believe  any  thing, 
or  attempt  any  thing,  through  a  violent  love  of  some 
object. 

ENTIRE,  adj.  Whole;  complete.  F.  entier;  L.  integer, 
whole.   ' 

EjVTRE  .¥0175.  Between  ourselves;  in  secrecy.  F.  en- 
f7'e,  between,  ?ious,  us. 

ENTREPOT,  s.  An  intermediate  place  of  deposit.  F. 
entrefiot;  L.  inter,  between,  and  fiositus,  p.  part,  of 
pono,  to  place. 

ENUMERATE,  v.  To  mention  singly;  to  reckon.  L. 
^numero;  e,  out  of,  and  numero,  to  reckon. 


ENU— EPI 

ENUNCIATION,  .v.  Act  of  announcing.  L.  cnunciacio, 

—See  ANNOUNCE. 
ENVELOP.  V.  To  inwrap;  to  conceal.  F.  envelofier; 

L.  ?7z,  in,  and  veto,  to  cover. 
ENVIRON.  X'.  To  surround.  F.  envirouner;  virer^  to 

go  around. 
ENVOY,  s.  A  public  messenger;  an  ambassador.  F.  en- 

voyc;  from  en^  into,  and  voir^  to  sec. 
EPACT.  s.  A  number  by  which  we  note  the  excess  of 

the  common  solar  year  above  the  lunar,  and  ascertain 

the  age  of  the  moon.  G.  efiakte^  a  supplement. 
EPAULET,  s.  A  military  shoulder-ornament.  F.  ejiau* 

lette;  ejiaule^  the  shoulder. 
EPHEMERAL,  adj.  Of  one  day*s  continuance.  G.  efihe- 

merios;  efii^  through,  and  hemera^  a  day. 
EPHORI.  s.  Five  magistrates  of  Sparta,  who  inspected 

the  conduct  of  the  kings  and  the  people.  G.  efihoroi; 

cjihoros^  an  inspector:  e^ii,  over,  and  horao^  to  see. 
EPIC.  adj.  Relating  to  a  narrative,  not  acted,  as  the 

drama,  but  merely  read  or  spoken  by  one  person :  in 

its  general  sense,  it  now  refers  to  an  heroic  poem.  L. 

efiicus;  G.  epos,  a  word,  or  song. 
EPICURE,  s.  A  person  fond  of  luxury.     Ejiicuriis^  a 

Grecian,  the  founder  of  the  Epicureans. 
EPIDEMIC,  adj.  Generally  prevailing.  G.e/ii,  through, 

and  demos,  the  people. 
EPIGRAM,  s.  A  short  poem,  ending  in  some  point  of 

wit.  G.  e/ii,  upon,  and  gramma,  a  letter. 
EPILEPSY,  s.  A  convulsive  fit,  G.  epilejisia;  e/z/,  upon, 

and  lamhano,  to  seize. 
EPILOGUE,  .s.  A  poem  or  speech  after  the  conclusion 

of  a  play.  G.  ejii,  upon,  (that  is,  concerning,)  and  lo' 

gos,  a  word. 
EPIPHANY.  *.  A  church  festival  on  the  twelfth  day  after 

Christmas.  G.  efiijikaneia;  efii,  upon,  and  phaino,  to 

appear. 
EPISCOPAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  bishop.  L,  cfiiscofia- 

lis;  G.  e/tisko/ios,  an  overseer :  ejii,  over,  and  sko/ieo^ 

to  look. 
EPISODE.  5.  A  digression  in  a  poem.  G.  episode;  epi^ 

beside,  and  ode,  a  song. 
[10] 


EPI—EQU 

EPISTLE,  s.  A  solemn  letter.  G.  e/iisiole,  a  letter:  e/u,^ 

upon,  and  stello,  to  send. 
EPITAPH,  s.  Inscription  upon  a  tomb.  G.  e/2/,  upon, 

and  tap  has,  a  tomb. 
EPITHALAMIUM.     s.    A    marriage    song.     G.    efii, 

upon,  and  thalamos^  a  bridal  chamber. 
EPITOME',  s.  An  abridgment.  G.  efiitome;  efii,  into, 

and  temno^  to  cut. 
EPOCH,  or  EPOCPIA.  s.  The  time  at  which  a  new 

computation   is  begun.    L.   efiocha^    G.   efioche;   efii^ 

upon,  and  echo^  to  hold. 
EQUANIMITY,   s.  Evenness  of  mind.   L.  equanimi- 

tas-;  from  aquus^  equal,  and  animus^  the  mind. 
EQUATION,    s.  A   term  in  algebra  and  astronomy, 

denoting  equalisation.  L.  (squatlo;  from  xquns^  equal. 
EQUATOR,  s.  The  imaginary  circle  which  divides  the 

globe  into   two  equal  parts,  called  the  northern  and 

southern  hemispheres.  L.  equator;  from  cequus^  equal. 
EQUERRY,  s.  Master  of  the  horse.  L.  equarius,  per- 
taining to  a  horse:  equus^  a  horse. 
EQUILATERAL,  adj.  Having  all  sides  equal.  L.  (Squa 

latera^  equal  sides:  equus^  and  latus. 
EQUILIBRIUM,  s.  Equipoise;  equality  of  weight.  L. 

eqiiilibrium:  xquus^  equal,  and  libra^  a  balance. 
EQUINOX,    s.  The   time  when  the   sun   crosses   the 

equator,  and  the  night  is  of  the  same  length  as  the 

day.  L.  aquus^  equal,  and  nox^  a  night. 
EQUIP.  V.  To  furnish  for  a  horseman;  to  furnish  in  ge- 
neral. F.  equifier:   L.  equus^  a  horse. 
EQUIPAGE,  s.  Furniture  of  a  horseman:   but,  more 

generally,  a  splendid  carriage  and  the  horses ;  or  table 

furniture.  F.  eqiiifiage. — See  EQUIP. 
EQUIPOISE,  s.  Equilibrium;  equality  of  weight,  or  of 

power.  L.  cequus^  equal,  and  F./wids,  weight. 
EQUITY,   s.  Justice;  mode  of  decision  in  a  court  of 

justice,  without  observing  the  precise  dictates  of  the 

law.  L.  (dquitas:  from  ceqiius^  equal. 
EQUIVALENT,  adj.   Of  equal  value,  or  power.    L. 

cequus^  equal,  and  vale7is^  part,  oivaleo,  to  avail. 
EQUIVOCAL,  adj.  Capable  of  being  construed  in  dif- 
ferent senses;  uncertain.  I...  (Sqiiivocus:  aquiisy  equal, 

and  vojC)  a  voice. 


ERA— EST 

ERADICATE,  v.  To  destroy  entirely.   L.  eradico:  e, 

from,  and  radix^  a  root. 
ERASE.  V.  To  expunge.  L.  <?,  from,  and  rasum^  sup. 

of  rado^  to  scrape. 
ERR.  V.  To  deviate ;  to  mistake.  L.  erro^  to  wander. 
ERRATA,  s.  Errors.  L.  pi.  of  erratum;  from  erratus.^ 

part,  oierro. — See  ERR. 
ERRATIC,  adj.  Wandering.  L.  erraticus. — See  ERR. 
ERRONEOUS.  «r//.  Incorrect:  l^.erroneus. — See  ERR. 
ERUDITION,  s.  Knowledge  obtained  by  learning.  L. 

crudltio;  from  eruditus^  p.  part,  oi  erudio^  to  instruct; 

com]),  of  (?,  from,  and  rudis^  untaught. 
ERUPTION,  s.  Breaking  forth;  a  cutaneous  disease. 

L.  erufitio:  erufitus^  p.  part,  oi  eriuiifio:  e^  from,  and 

rmnfio^  to  break. 
ERYSIPELAS,  s.  An  eruption  of  a  hot,  acrid  humour, 

chiefly  in  the  face.   G.  eriisifielas:  eruo^  to  draw,  and 

fielas^  adjoining;  because,  ihe  neighbouring  parts  arc 

affected  by  the  eruption. 
ESCALADE.  *.  Act  of  scaling  the  walls  of  a  fortified 

place.  F.  escalade:  from  echelle^  a  ladder. 
ESCORT.  V.  To  convoy.  F.  escorter. 
ESCRITOIRE,  s.  A    writing-desk.    F.   ecritoir,  (for- 

merly  escritoire;)  from  ecrire^  to  write. 
ESCULENT,  adj.  Eatable.    L.  esculentics:   esculenta, 

food. 
ESPECIAL,  adj.  Particular.— See  SPECIAL. 
ESPOUSE.  V.  To  marry;  to  abet.  F.  e/wuser:  (formerly 

es/iouser;')  ejiouse,  a  wife. 
ESQUIRE.  .9.  The  attendant,  or  armour  bearer,  of  a 

knight;  a  title  applied,  in  the  British  empire,  to  some. 

of  the  younger  sons  of  noblemen,  and  to  magistrates, 

militai'v  officers.  Sec.  Old  F.  escuer;  escu^  a  shield. 
ESSAY'.  V.  To  attempt.  F.  essayer^  to  attempt. 
ES'SAY.  s.  An  attempt;  a  dissertation. — See  the  verb. 
ESSENCE,  s.  Physical  basis;  essential  oil.  F.  essence; 

L.  essentia^  the  existence:   esse,  to  be. 
ESSENTIAL,  adj.  Having  the  essence;  indispensable. 

L.  essentiaiis. — See  ESSENCE. 
ESTATE,  s.  Condition  of  life;  property.  F.  etat;  (for- 

merlv,  estat;)  L.  status;  from  sto.,  to  stand. 
ESTEEM,  s.  Regard;  respect.— See  ESTIMATE, 


EST— EVA 

ESTIMATE.  V,  To  rate;  to  conjecture.  L.  asti/no;  as} 

money. 
ESTRANGE,  v.  To  withdraw  the  affections.  F.  eiran- 

ger,  (formerly,  estranger;)  L.  e,  from,  and  stringo^  to 

draw. 
ESTUARY,  s.  An  arm  of  the  sea.  L.  astuarium;  from 

a^stuo^  to  be  straitened. 
ET  CETERA.    Abbreviated  etc.  or  Ufc.  And  the  rest; 

and  others  of  the  same  kind.  L.  et^  and,  and  aetera, 

others. 
ETHER,  s.  An  imaginary  air;  a  volatile  distilled  spirit. 

L.  cether;  G.  aither;  aitho^  to  burn. 
ETHICS,  s.  The  doctrine  of  morality.  G.  ethike;  ethos^ 

a  muiincr. 
ETHNIC,  adj.  Gentile;  neither  Jewish  nor  Christian. 

G.  ethnekos;  ethnos^  a  nation. — See  GENTILE. 
ETIQUETTE,  s.  Established  ceremony  or  mode.    F. 

eticjaette^  a  ticket,  upon  which  the  forms  of  court  cere- 
monies, ^c.  are  written. 
ETYMOLOGY,  s.  The  derivation  of  a  word  from  its 

original;  that  part  of  grammar  which  treats  of  the  dif- 
ferent sorts  of  words  and  their  various  modifications. 

Li.  etymologia;  G.  etuinologia;  eturnorij  a  true  original, 

and  logos ^  a  word. 
EUCHARIST,  s.  The  Lord's  Supper.  G.  eucharistiaj 

thanksgiving. 
EUDIOMETER,  s.  An  instrument,  invented  by  Priestly, 

for  ascertaining  the  purity  of  atmospheric  air.  G.  cm, 

good,  dios^  air,  and  ?nei7-07i^  measure. 
EULOGY,  s.  Praise.   G.  eulogia;  comp.  of  eu^  good, 

and  logos,  a  word. 
EUPHONY,  s.  Agreeable  sound.  G.  eii/i/ionia;  eu,  well, 

and /?/; 0726*0,  to  sound. 
EVACUATE.  V.  To  make  empty;  to  retire  from.  L. 

evacuo;  vacuus,  empty. 
EVADE.  1'.  To  elude,  or  avoid.  L.  evado;  e,  from,  and 

■vado,  to  march,  or  move. 
EVANESCENT,    adj.   Vanishing;    imperceptible.   L. 

evanescens,  part,  oi  evanesco,  to  disappear:  from  va- 

nus,  empty. 
EVANGELIST,  s.  A  writer  of  the  history  of  Christ. 


EVA—EXC 

L.  cvani^'clus;  G.  euaii^elos;  from  eu^  good,  and  an- 

gelo^  to  declare. 
EVAPORATE,  x-.  To  ascend  in  vapour.  L.  evafioro; 

e,  from,  and  va/iosy  vapour. 
EVENT.  5.  Occurrence.  L.  eventus;  e,  out  of,  and  vcn- 

turn^  sup.  of  TV'/zzo,  to  come. 
EVIDENCE.  5.  Proof;  testimony;  the  person  who  tes- 
tifies. F.  evidence;  L.  evidentia. — See  EVIDENT. 
EVIDENT,  adj.  Proved;  clear.  Y,  evident;  L.  evidciis; 

e,  out  of,  and  video,  to  see. 
EVINCE.  V,  To  prove;  to  manifest.  L.  evijico;  e,  from, 

and  vinco,  to  conquer. 
EVISCERATE,  v.  To  embowel.  L.  eviscero;  e,  from. 

and  viscei'a,  the  bowels. 
EVOLUTION.  5.   Act  of  unfolding;  military  field-ex- 
ercise.    L.    evolutus,     p.    part,    of   evolvo.'—- — See 

EVOLVE. 
EVOLVE.  V.  To  unfold;  to  throw  off  by  chemical  ef- 
fect. L.  evolvo;  e,  from,  and  volvo,  to  roll. 
EXAGGERATE,  v.  To  heighten  beyond  truth.  L.  ex- 

aggero ;    ex,  above,   and  aggei'o,  to  heap :    cigger^  a 

heap. 
EXANIMATE,  adj.  Lifeless;  inanimate.  L.  ex,  from, 

and  anima,  the  breath,  or  soul. 
EXALT.  V.  To  raise;   to  dignify.    F.  exalter;   L.  ex, 

above,  and  alius,  high. 
EXASPERATE,  v.  To  enrage.  L.  exaspero;  ex,  above, 

(meaning  in   a  high   degree,)   and   asfiero,  to  make 

ro u gh  :  a sfi c r ,  ro ugh. 
EXCAVATE. %.  To  make  hollow.  L.  excavo;  ex,  from, 

and  cavo,  to  make  hollow. 
EXCEED.  V.   To  go  beyond;  to   surpass.  L.  excedo; 

ex,  from,  and  cedo,  to  depart. 
EXCEL.  V.  To  be  eminent;  to  surpass.  L.  excello,  to 

be  high. 
EXCEPT.  V.  To  leave  out.  L.  excefitum,  sup.  of  exci- 

pdo;  ex,  out  of,  and  capio,  to  take.  , 

EXCERPTA.  a.  Extracts.  L.  excerpta;  from  excerp- 

tus,  part,  of  excerpo;  ex,  from,  and  ccirpo,  to  pluck. 
EXCESS,  s.  More  than  sufficient;  surplus.  L.  excessiis, 

p.  part,  of  excedo. — See  EXCEED. 
[10*] 


EXC—EXE 

EXCISE.  5-.  A  tax,  formerly  paid  by  a  part  of  the  arti- 
cle assessed.  L.  excisus,  p.  part,  of  cxczV/o. — See  EX- 
CISION. 

EXCISION,  s.  Act  of  cutting  out.  L.  excisio;  from  ex- 


cisics 


p.  part,  oi  exeido;  ex^  from,  and  cado^  to  lop. 

EXCLAIM,  -p.  To  call  loudly.  L.  exclamo:  ex^  fromj 
and  clamo^  to  call. 

EXCLUDE,  -u.  To  shut  out;  to  debar.  L.  exclude; 
comp.  of  ex,  from,  and  claudo^  to  shut. 

EXCLUSION,  s.  Act  of  excluding.  L.  exclusus,  p. 
pai't.  of  excludo. — See  EXCLUDE. 

EXCORIATE,  -v.  To  strip  off  the  skin.  L.  ex,  from, 
and  corimn,  a  skin. 

EXCRESCENCE,  s.  Irregular  protuberance.  L.  ex- 
cises cejis;  part,  of  ex  ere  SCO;  ex,  from,  and  cresco,  to 
gro^y. 

EXCRUCIATING,  adj.  Extremely  pamful.  L.  excru^ 
cio,  to  torture;  ex,  from,  and  cruce,  abl.  of  crux,  a 
cross;  alluding  to  the  torments  of  crucifixion. 

EXCULPATE.  V.  To  exonerate  from  a  criminal  charge, 
L.  ex,  from,  and  culpa,  blame. 

EXCURSION,  s.  A  ramble.  L.  excursio;  ex,  from> 
and  curro,  to  run. 

EXCUSE.  V.  To  disengage  from  an  obligation.  L.  ex- 
cuso;  ex,  from,  and  causa,  a  design. 

EXECRATE,  v.  To  curse;  to  detest.  L.  execror,  or 
exsecror;  f:r,  from,  and  sacrum,  2l  holy  rite:  meanings 
to  debar  from  the  benefit  of  religious  ceremonies. 

EXECUTE.  1'.  To  perform  ;  to  put  to  death.  L.  exe- 
cutus,  part,  of  exequor:  ex,  accordin|f  to  [direction,! 
and  sequor,  to  follow. 

EXECUTIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  the  power  which  per- 
forms, but  does  not  deliberate. — See  EXECUTE. 

EXEMPLI  GRATIA.  As  an  example;  for  instance ; 
usually  abbreviated  ex.  gr.,  or  e.  g:  L. 

EXEMPT,  adj.  Free  by  privilege.  L.  exe?nfiius,  p.  part, 
of  cxima;  ex,  from,  and  eino,  to  purchase. 

EXERGUE,  s.  F.— -See  EXERGUM. 

EXERGUM.  s.  The  circular  space  between  the  work 
and  the  edge  of  a  coin  or  medal,  on  which  the  in- 
scription is  usually  placed.  G.  ex^  from,  and  ergoii. 
work,  ^ 


EXE— -EXP 

EXEU.VT  OMJ\'ES.  Used,  in  theatrical  pieces,  to 
mark  the  departure  from  the  stage  of  all  the  charac- 
ters.   L.  omnes^  all,  exeunt^  go  out:  omtiis,  and  exeo. 

EXFOLIATE,  v.  To  separate  in  layers.  L-  ex,  from, 
and /oh u?ny  a  leaf. 

EXHAUST.  V.  To  draw  away;  to  fatigue.  L.  exhaus- 
tuin.,  sup.  oi  exhaurio;  ex,  from,  and  haurio,  to  draw. 

EXHIBIT,  -v.  To  display.  L.  exhibeo;  comp.  of  ex, 
from,  and  habeo,  to  hold. 

EXHILARATE,  -v.  To  enliven.  L.  exhilaro;  /iHaritas^ 
mirth. 

EXHORT.  V.  To  advise  from  an  evil,  or  to  a  virtuous 
action.  L.  exhortor;  ex,  from,  and  hortor,  to  advise. 

EXIGENCE,  or  EXIGENCY,  s.  Sudden  occasion.  L, 
exig-ens,  part,  of  exigo,  to  drive  out:  ex,  from,  and 
ago,  to  move. 

EXILE,  s.  Banishment,  either  voluntary  or  compul- 
sive; person  banished.  L.  exUlum;  exilio,  to  depart 
hastily:  ex,  from,  and  salio,  to  leap. 

EXIT.  A  term  used  to  mark  the  time  at  which  a  player 
leaves  the  stage ;  departure.  L.  exit,  he  (or  she)  goes 
out:  exeo. 

EX-MINISTER,  s.  One  who  has  been  a  minister  of  state. 
L.  ex,  out,  a.nd  minister. 

EXODUS.  8.  The  second  book  of  Moses,  which  de- 
scribes the  journey  of  the  Israelites  from  Egypt.  G. 
exodas,  departure. 

EX  OFFICIO.  By  the  power  of  his  office.  L.  ex,  ac- 
cording to,  officio,  abl.  of  officium,  an  office. 

EXONERATE,  d.  To  disburthen;  to  exculpate.  L- 
exonero;  ex,  from,  and  onus,  a  burthen. 

EXORBITANT,  adj.  Irregular;  enormous.  L.  ex,  out 
of,  and  orbita,  a  track. 

EXORCISE.  1}.  To  pretend  to  drive  away  an  evil  spirit, 
G.  ex,  out  of,  and  orkizo,  to  adjure. 

EXORDIUM.  «.  A  formal  preface.  L.  exordium,  a  be- 
ginning. 

EXOTIC,  adj.  Foreign.  G.  exotikos,  foreign. 

EXPAND.  V.  To  spread.  L.  exfiandoi  ex,  from.,  and 
paiido,  to  open. 

EX'FARTE',     On  one  side  only;  ex-fiarte  evidence 


EXP—EXP 

is  that  testimony,  which,  as  before  a  grand  jury,  is  de- 
livered only  on  the  side  of  the  prosecution.  L.  ex,  from, 
/larte,  ab!.  o{ pars,  a  part. 

EXPATIATE.  V.  To  enlarge  on,  in  language.  L,  ex- 
fiatior;  ex,  from,  and  pateo,  to  spread  out. 

EXPECT.  V.  To  anticipate,  in  the  mind;  to  wait  for 
L.  exfiecto;  ex,  from,  and  specto,  to  look. 

EXPECTORATE,  v.  To  eject  matter  from  the  breast. 
L.  ex,  from,  and  pectus,  the  breast. 

EXPEDIENT,  adj.  Advantageous;  fit.  L.  expediensy 
part,  of  expedio.—'^eQ  EXPEDITE. 

EXPEDITE.  ~u.  To  facilitate;  to  hasten.  L.  expedio, 
to  free:  ex,  from,  and  pede,  abl.  of  pes,  a  foot. 

EXPEL.  V.  To  drive  out.  L.  expeUoj  comp.  of  ex,  from, 
and  pello,  to  drive. 

EXPEND.  IK  To  spend;  to  disburse.  L.  expendo;  ex, 
from,  and  pendo,  to  weigh,  or  pay. 

EXPENSE,  s.  Expenditure;  cost.  L.  expensum. — See 
EXPEND. 

EXPERIENCE,  s.  Practice.  L.  experientia, — See  EX- 
PERT. 

EXPERIMENT,  s.  Trial.  L.  €xperi7n€nUim.^'S>tt  EX- 
PERIENCE. 

EXPERT,  adj.  Skilful;  dexterous.  L.  expertus,  (part. 
of  experior,')  having  tried. 

EXPIATE.  V.  To  atone  for.  L.  expio;  comp.  of  ex, 
from,  and  pio,  to  worship,  or  purge. 

EXPIRE,  -v.  To  breathe  out;  t^  die;  to  terminate.  L. 
expiro;  ex,  from,  and  spiro,  to  breathe. 

EXPLETIVE,  s.  In  grammar,  means  something  in- 
serted, more  to  please  the  ear,  than  to  illustrate.  L. 
€xpleti~uum;  expleo,  to  glut;  ex,  in  a  superabundant 
degree,  diwA  pleo,  to  fill, 

EXPLICIT,  adj.  Emphatically  clear;  not  merely  im- 
plied. L    explicitus,  y).  T^-diVi.  of  expllco,  to  WYifoid. 

EXPLODE.  V.  To  drive  out,  with  open  marks  of  dis- 
approbation; to  make  a  loud  noise  like  ignited  gun- 
powder. L.  explodo;  ex,  from,  and  plaudo,  to  make 
a  noise  by  clapping. 

EXPLORE.  V,  To  examine.  L.  exploro,  to  explore,  to 
examine. 


EXP— EXT 

EXPLOSION,   s.  The  act  of  explodint-.    L.  ex/ilosioj 

ejc/ilosiis^  p.  part,  of  explodo.'—^cG  EXPLODE. 
EXPORT.  V.  To  send  out  of  a  country,  in  the  way  of 

traffic.  L.  exfiorto;  ex^  out  of,  and  fiorto^  to  carry. 
EXPOSE,  -u.  To  lay  open;  to  put  in  danger.  F.  exfio- 

ser;  L.  ex/iositunij   sup.  of  ex/io?ioj  exy  out  of,  and 

fionoy  to  place. 
JSX  POST  FylCTO.—See  POST  FACTO. 
EXPOSTULATE,  -v.  To  appeal;  to  debate  earnestly. 

L.  exfiostulo^  to  demand. 
EXPOUND.  V.  To  explain.  L.  exfiono:  ex,  out  of,  and 

/lono,  to  place. 
EX-PRESIDENT,    s.  One  who  has  been  a  president. 

L.  ex,  out,  and  president. 
EXPRESS.  V.  To  press  out;  to  represent;  to  declare. 

L.  ex/iressum,  sup.  oi  exJiri?no:  ex,  from,  and /zrc?«o, 

to  press. 
EXPRESS,  adj.  Exactly  alike,  (as  if  taken  by  an  im- 
pression;) explicit. — See  the  verb. 
EXPRESS,  s.  An  extraordinary  messenger. — See  the 

verb. 
EXPULSION,  s.  Act  of  expelling.  L.  exfiulsio:  from 

ex/iello.See  EXPEL. 
EXPUNGE.  V.  To  erase.  L.  exfiungo:  ex,  from,  and 

fiungo^  to  prick. 
EXQUISITE,  adj.  Consummate;  excellent.  L.  exqui- 

situs,  (p.  part,  oi  cxquiro,)  searched  out;  ex,  out  of, 

and  quaro,  to  seek. 
EXSCIND.  V.  To   cut  from.  L.  ex,  from,  and  scindo, 

to  cut. 
EXSICCATE,  u.  To  dry.  L.  exsicco,  to  dry. 
EXTANT,  adj.   Before  the  public;   now  existing.  L, 

exstans,  part,  of  exsto,  to  stand  out:  ex,  from,  and 

sto,  to  stand. 
EXTASY,or  ECSTASY,  s.  Any  emotion  by  which  the 

thoughts  are  absorbed,  and  in  which  the  mind  is  for 

a  time  lost;  excessive  joy,  or  excessive  grief.   F.  ex- 

tane:  G.  ekstasis;  from  e/c,  out,  and  siasis,  standing. 
EXTEMPORE'.     Without  preparation.    L.  ex,  from, 

and  temfiore,  abl.  oi  temjius,  time;  meaning  the  pre- 
sent time. 


EXT— EXT 

EXTEND,  -v.  To  reach  (with  ?o;)  to  enlarge.  L.  ex-- 
tendo:  comp.  of  ex^  from,  and  tenclo^  to  stretch. 

EXTENUATE,  v.  To  lessen;  to  palliate.  L.  extenuo: 
ex^  from,  and  tenuis^  thin,  or  small. 

EXTERIOR,  adj.  Outward.  L.  exterior^  compar.  deg. 
o{  extra^  without:  pos.  extras  compar.  exterioi-;  sup. 
extremus. 

EXTERMINATE,  v.  To  destroy.  L.  extermino:  ex, 
noting  in  a  great  degree,  and  termino,  to  end. 

EXTERNAL,  adj.  Outward;  foreign.  L.  externus:  ex- 
ter^  foreign:  comp.  of  ex^  out  of,  and  terra^  a  terri- 
tory. 

EXTINCT.  «(//.  Extinguished;  abolished.  1^.  extinctus^ 
p.  part.  q{  extinguo^  to  extinguish. 

EXTINGUISH.  -V.  To  quench;  to  destroy.  L.  extln- 
guo^  to  extinguish. 

EXTIRPATE.  T^.To  eradicate;  to  destroy.  L.  extirpo: 
ex,  from,  and  stirfis,  a  root. 

EXTOL,  -u.  To  praise  highly.  L.  extollo:  ex,  from,  and 
tollo,  to  lift  up. 

EXTOR.T.  V.  To  obtain  by  force,  or  by  the  passion  of 
avarice.  L.  extortum,  sup.  of  extorqueo:  ex,  from,  and 
torqueo,  to  twist. 

EXTRA.  «<://.  Additional.  L.  ex^ra,  besides. 

EXTRACT.  D.  To  draw  from;  to  take  out  a  part.  L. 
extractum,  sup.  of  extraho:  comp.  of  ex,  from,  and 
traho,  to  draw. 

EXTRAJUDICIAL,  adj.  Out  of  the  regular  course 
of  legal  procedure.  L.  extra,  bevond,  and  judicial. 

EXTRANEOUS,  adj.  Of  a  different  kind ;  foreign.  L. 
extraneus:  extra,  without. 

EXTRAORDINARY,  or  EXTRORDINARY.  adj. 
Uncommon;  unusual;  eminent.  L.  cxtraordinarius: 
extra,  beyond,  and  ordinarius,  ordinary :  ordo,  a  rule. 

EXTRAVAGANT,  adj.  Irregular;  wild;  prodigal.  L. 
e  xtravagans:  <^.r^r<2,  beyond,  and  vagor,  to  wander. 

EXTREME,  adj.  Utmost.  L.  extremus,  supcrl.  of  ex- 
tra, beyond, 

EXTRICATE,  v.  To  disentangle.  L.  extrico:  ex,  out 
of,  emd  tricce,  an  impediment. 

EXI^RUDE.  V.  To  thrust  out;  to  push  off  with  vio- 
lence. L.  extrudo:  e^,out,  or  from,  and  trudo,  to  thrust. 


EXT— FAL 

EXTRUSION,  s.  Act  of  extruding.  L.extrusus,  p.  pant. 

o^  extrndo.—Sce  EXTRUDE. 
EXUBERANT,    adj.    Overabundant.     L.    exuderaiis, 

part,  of  erubero:  extra^  beyond,  and  uber^  plentiful. 
EXUDE.  V.  To  issue  in  sweat.  L.  exudo:  ex-,  out  of, 

and  sudo^  to  sweat. 
EXULT.   V.   To  rejoice   greatly.    L.  exulto;  comp.  of 

ex^  from,  [the  ground,]  and  salto^  to  dance,  or  leap. 


F. 

FABLE,  s.  A  fictitious  story.  L.  fabula^  a  tale,  or  dis- 
course. 

FABRIC,  .s.  Something  made.  Vi.fabricai  faber^  a  work- 
man. 

FABRICATE,  v.  To  construct;  to  invent,  l^.fabrico. 
—See  FABRIC. 

FABULOUS,  a^//.  Fictitious;  false.  'L.fabulosus. — See 
FABLE. 

FACETIOUS,  adj.  Witty.  "L.facetics,  raillery. 

FACILITATE,  v.  To  make  easy,  lu.facilis.,  easy:  fa- 
cioy  to  do,  or  cause. 

FAC  SIMILE',  s.  An  imitation,  as  nearly  resembling 
the  original  as  possible.  L.  factum.^  a  thing  done,  and 
simile.)  neuter  o{  similis^  like:  \h&  word  factum  has 
been  here  abbreviated  to  Jac. 

FACT.  s.  A  thing  done;  reality.  L..  factum;  Jacio,  to  do. 

FACTION,  s.  A  party,  united  in  opposing  another.  L. 
factio;  facio.,  to  do,  or  hinder. 

FACTOR,  s.  An  agent.  1^.  factor;  from  facio,  to  do,  or 
make. 

FACTORY,  s.  A  house,  or  district,  inhabited  by  the 
foreign  traders  of  a  particular  nation,  in  a  distant 
country;  the  traders  themselves;  a  manufactory. — Sec 
FACTOR. 

FACULTY,  s.  Power;  learned  professors,  h.facultas; 
facioy  to  do. 

FALLACY.  6.  Deceit;  untruth.  Li.  fallacia;  f alio,  to 
slip  or  slide;  that  is,  to  approach  imperceptibly. 

FALLIBLE,  adj.  Liable  to  error,  or  to  failure,  h.fallo^ 
to  slip. 


FAM— FAU 

FAMILIAR,  adj.  Domestic;  affable;  unceremonious; 
well-known;  too  nearly  acquainted.  \u.  familiar  is ;  fa- 
milia.)  a  family. 

FAMINE,  s.  Distressful  scarcity  of  food.  Y.  famine;  L. 
fames.,  hunger. 

FAMISH.  V.  To  starve,  h.  fames,  hunger. 

FAMOUS,  adj.  Renowned.  L.  fainosus;  fama^  report. 

FANATIC,  s.  A  mad  enthusiast;  one  who  has  extra- 
vagant notions  of  religion.  'L.fanaticus^  mad. 

FANCY,  s.  Imagination;  caprice;  liking.  This  is  a 
contraction  of  phantasy. — See  FANTASM. 

F  ANT  ASM.  s.  Something  which  appears  real,  but  is 
only  in  the  imagination.  G.  fihantasma.,  an  apparition : 
jihaino.,  to  appear. 

FANTASTIC,  adj.  Irrational;  whimsical.  F.  fantas- 
^/^rw^.— See  FANTASM. 

FARCE,  s.  A  dramatic  afterpiece,  of  a  ludicrous  kind. 
Y.  far  dr.,  h.farcio,  to  fill  up,  or  stuff. 

FARINACEOUS,  adj.  Mealy.  L.  farina,  meal. 

FARRAGO,  s.  A  rude  or  confused  mixture,  h.  farra- 
go; far,  all  kinds  of  corn. 

FARRIER,  s.  A  horse-doctor,  (a  profession  usually  fol- 
lowed by  horse-shoers.)  F.  ferrier;  L.  ferrarius,  be- 
longing to  iron:  ferrum,  iron. 

FASCES,  s.  Rods,  with  an  axe  bound  up  in  the  middle, 
anciently  carried  before  the  Roman  consuls,  h.  fasces, 
pi.  o{  fascis,  a  bundle  of  twigs. 

FASCINATE,  v.  To  influence,  as  if  by  supernatural 
power;  to  delight  highly.  L./a5c/;/o,  to  bewitch. 

FASCINE,  s.  The  military  name  of  a  fagot :  fascines 
are  used  generally  for  filling  up  a  ditch  F.  fascine; 
'L.fascis,  a  bundle  of  twigs. 

FASTIDIOUS,  adj.  Disagreeably  methodical.  L.fas- 
tidiosus;  horn  fasti diu?n,  pride,  reluctance. 

FATUITY,  s.  Foolishness  ;  weakness  of  mind.  F.  fa- 
tiiite;  \u.fatuus,  silly. 

FAUN.  s.  A  kind  of  rural  deity.  Faunus,  (a  son  of 
Picus,  an  Italian  king,)  whose  attachment  to  agricul- 
ture induced  his  subjects  to  revere  him,  after  his 
death,  as  one  of  their  country  deities. — See  the  heathen 
•mythology. 


FAU— .FER 

FAUX  PAS.     A  false  step;  a  deviation  from  rectitude, 
Y.faux^  false,  and /m*,  a  step. 

FEALTY,  s.  Duty  or  fidelity  to  a  superior  lord.  F.feai, 
a  vassal. 

FEASIBLE,  adj.  Practicable.  F.  faisible:  /aire,  to  do. 

FEBRIFUGE,  s.  A  medicine  serviceable  in  a  fever.  L. 
febris,  a  fever,  and/w§*o,  to  drive  away. 

FEBRILE,  adj.  Relating  to  fever.  V..  febrilis ;  febrh^  a 
fever. 

FEBRUARY,  s.  The  second  month.  L.  Febriiarius; 
Fi'brua^  the  mother  of  Mars. 

FECULENT,  adj.  Foul;  excrementitious.  'L. /(scideji- 
tiis;  from y^eczi/a,  small  dregs  ;yicjr,  dregs. 

FECUNDITY,  s.  Fruitfulness.  L.  fxcunditas,  fruit- 
fulness. 

FEDERAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  contract;  united,  l^./oe- 
diis.,  a  league, 

FEDERALIST,  s.  Originally  meant  an  American  citi- 
zen who  voted  for  the  new  federal  constitution  of  the 
United  States; — since  the  beginning  of  the  French 
war,  in  1792,  it  has  had  no  relative  meaning;  but,  like 
the  term  democrat^  is  used  only  to  serve  the  interested 
views  of  a  party. — ^See  FEDERAL. 

FELICITATE,  v.  To  congratulate.  L.  felicito;  felici- 
tas^  happiness ;  felix^  happy. 

FELINE,  adj.  Resembling,  or  pertaining  to,  a  cat.  L, 
felinus;  felis^  a  cat. 

FELO  DE  SE.  A  person  of  sound  mind  who  commits 
suicide,  l^.felo^  a  felon,  de^  of,  se,  himself. 

FELON,  s.  One  who  has  committed  a  capital  crime.  F. 
felon;  L./^/o,  a  felon. 

FEMININE,  adj.  Relating  to  a  female.  L.  feininimis^ 
femina.)  a  woman. 

FEMME  COUVERTE.  In  law,  signifies  a  woman  co- 
vered or  protected,  by  marriage,  from  the  payment  ol' 
debt,  and,  in  some  cases,  from  criminal  prosecution. 
Y.femme,  a  woman,  couverte^  covered. 

FEMME  SOLE.  A  spinster;  an  unmarried  woman. 
V.femmey  a  woman,  and  old  F.  sole^  alone. 

FEND.  i>.  To  keep  off;  to  guard.     From  Defend. 

FEROCIOUS,  adj.  Fierce.  L.  fcrocis^  gen.  of /^?'o^j 
fierce. 

[1'] 


FER— FIL 

FERRUGINOUS,  adj.  Partaking  of  the  particles  and 
the  quality  of  iron,  lu.ferrugineus;  comp.  oi  ferruniy 
iron,  and  genus ^  a  sort. 

FERTILE,  adj.  Fruitful.  L.  fertilis;  fero^  to  bear,  or 
produce. 

FERVENT,  adj.  Hot;  ardent.  'L.fervens^  part,  oi  fer- 
ueo^  to  boil. 

FERVID,  adj.  Hot;  vehement;  zealous.  'L.  fervidus; 
ferveo^  to  boil. 

FESTIVAL,  s.  A  feast,  or  the  period  of  a  feast,  h.fee- 
tivus^  merry. 

FETE  CHAMPETRE.  An  entertainment,  given  in 
the  country,  in  the  open  air.  Y.fete^  a  feast,  and  cham- 
jietre^  rural. 

FETID,  adj.  Rancid;  having  an  offensive  smell.  L./a'- 
tidus^  stinking. 

FIAT.  s.  In  law,  a  writ  containing  a  peremptory  order. 
'L.Jiat^  let  it  be  done;  fromj'?©. 

FICTION,  s.  Invention;  falsehood.  'L,.  JictiOi  from  ^c- 
tus^  p.  part,  oi  Jingo ^  to  frame. 

FICTITIOUS,  adj.  Counterfeit;  not  real.  l..  fc tithes. 
—See  FICTION. 

FIDELITY,  s.  Faithful  adherence;  honesty.  \^.  fideli- 
tas;  Jides,  faith,  or  truth. 

FIDUCIARY,  adj.  Confiding;  undoubting.  h.Jiducia- 
riiis;'Jides.)  faith. 

FIERI  FACIAS.  A  judicial  writ,  empowering  a  she- 
riff to  levy  the  amount  of  a  debt,  or  of  damages  reco- 
vered. L.  facias^  you  may  cause  it,  Jieri^  to  be  done : 
facio,  and^o. 

FIGMENT,  s.  A  fiction.  L.  Jigmentuin;  Jingo^  to 
frame. 

FIGURE.  5.  Form;  an  image ;  a  character  den'oting  a 
number;  a  trope.  L.  Jigura;  fvom  Jingo,  to  shape,  or 
frame. 

FILAMENT,  s.  A  body,  long  and  slender,  like  a  thread. 
L.  Jilamcnta;  Jiliim,  a  thread. 

FILIAL,  adj.  Regarding  a  child,  in  relation  to  its  pa- 
rents. Y.Jilial;  h.Jlius,  a  child. 

FILLE  DE  CHAMBRE.  s.  A  chambermaid.  V.Jille, 
a  girl,  de^  of,  chambre^  a  chamber. 


FIL— FLO 

FILLE  DE  JO  IE.  s.  A  prostitute.  V.Jille,  a  daughter, 
de,  of,  joic^  pleasure. 

FILTER.  V.  To  purify  by  straining.  Low  L.  Jiltro: 
comp.  oi Jiluin^  a  thread,  and  traho^  to  draw;  refer- 
ring to  the  original  mode  of  filtering,  by  suspended 
threads. 

PTNAL.  adj.  Last;  conelusive.  Ij.  Jinalis;  fvoui  Ji7iis, 
the  end. 

FINANCE,  s.  Revenue.  Y.Jinance;  h.jlnioy  to  accom- 
plish. 

FINESSE,  s.  Artifice,  Y.  finesse:  lu.  Jinio,  to  accom- 
plish. 

FINITE,  adj.  Limited.  L.  fmitus:  Jinis.^  an  end. 

FISCAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  public  revenue.  ¥.  fiscal: 
h.fscus.,  a  treasury. 

FISSILE,  adj.  Having  the  laminae,  or  grain,  in  a  direc- 
tion to  admit  of  being  cleft.  L.  fssilis. — See  FIS- 
SURE. 

FISSURE,  s.  A  cleft,  la.  fissura:  h^om.  fssus^  p.  part. 
of  fndo,  to  cleave. 

FISTULA,  s.  A  sinuous  ulcer.  lu.fsiulay  a  pipe. 

FIX.  V.  To  fasten;  to  settle,  lu.  fxinn^  sup.  ot  fg-o,  to 
fasten. 

FLACCID,  adj.  Limber;  soft.  L.  faccidus,  withered, 
feeble. 

FLAGELLATION,  s.  A  flogging.  L.  fagelium,  a 
scourge. 

FLAGITIOUS,  adj.  Atrocious.  L.  fag-itius:  fiagiti- 
um.^  a  base  action. 

FLAGRANT,  adj.  Sometimes  means  flushed,  but  com- 
monly, notorious,  or  atrocious.  L.  fiagrans^  part,  of 
fagro^  to  be  on  fire. 

FLAMBEAU,  s.  A  torch.  Y.fiamheau:  comp.  q{  flajn^ 
we,  flame,  and  heau^  handsome. 

FLATULENT,  adj.  Windy.  L.  flatulentus:  fatus,  a 
pufl":  ^y?ai'^^s,  p.  part,  oi  fo,  to  blow. 

FLEXIBLE,  adj.  Pliant,  lu.  fiexibilis;  fexus^y).  ^?ivt. 
oi fecto^  to  bend. 

FLORID,  adj.  Bright  in  colour;  flushed  with  red;  em- 
bellished. L.  fioridus;  from  Jioris,  gen.  of  Jios^  a 
flower. 

FLORIST,  adj.  A  cultivator  of  flowers:   a  maker  or 


FLO—FOR 

vender  of  artificial  flowers.   L.  Jioris^  gen.  oi  Jios^  a 

flower. 
FLOURISH,    adj.  To  have  vigour;   to  boast,    lu.  Jio- 

reo:  Jloris,  gen.  of  ./os,  a  flower. 
FLUATE.  s.  A  weak  salt,  which,  by  means  of  strong 

sulphuric  acid,  yields  a  vapour,  and  when  condensed 

forms  liquid  fluoric  acid.  1^.^/iuo,  to  flow. 
FLUCTUATE,  v.  To  flow  backwards  and   forwards; 

to  varv  often.    1^.  Jiiictuo:  Jiuctus,   a  \i?i\e:  Jluo,  to 

flow. 
FLUE.  s.  A  passage  for  smoke.  h.Jluo,  to  flow,  or  pass 

away. 
FLUENT,  adj.  Flowing;  having  a  ready  command  of 

words.  J^.Jiue?is,  part,  of  Jluo,  to  flow. 
i-LUID.  adj.  Liquid.  'L.Jfuidus:  fiuo^  to  flow. 
FLUTE,  s.  A  tubated  musical  instrument.  Y.Jiute:  L, 

^ftuto^  to  flow  gently:  Jh^o,  to  flow. 
FLUTED,  adj.  Resembling  the  shape  of  a  flute. — See. 

FLUTE. 
FLUX.  s.  Act  of  flowing;  thing  which  flows;  dysen- 
tery. 1^.  fluxus:  ivornJiiiOy  to  fiov/. 
FLUXIONS.  5.   A   species  of  arithmetic  invented  by 

Newton.  'L./Inxio,  a  flowing. 
FOCUS,  s.  The  point  where  the  rays  of  heat  are  col- 
lected by  a  burning-glass;   a  certain  point  in  the  axis 

of  a  curve.  L.  focus,  a  fire-hearth,  or  the  fire. 
FOLIAGE.  5.  Leaves.  Y.  fcuUlage:  L.yb/iz^m,  a  leaf. 
FOLIO,  s.  A  book,  the  leaves  of  which  are  formed  of 

sheets  of  paper  once  doubled.    Abl.  oi  folium^  a  leaf. 
FOMENT,  r.   To  cherish  with   heat;   to  bathe  with 

Avarm  lotions;  (in  an  evil  sense)  to  encourage.  L./b- 

wentor:  from  foveo,  to  keep  warm. 
FORAGE,  -v.   To   go   out  in  search  of  provisions,  F. 

fourragcr:  fourrage,  fodder:  foiirrer.,  to  stuff"  in. 
FORCE.  *.  Strength;  active  power.  T.  force;  'L.forc, 

strength. 
FORCEPS.    6'.   Surgical  tongs.    L.  forceps,   a  pair  of 

tongs. 
FORENSIC,  adj.  Belonging,  or  appropriate  to,  a  court 

of  judicature.  'L.forensis. — See  FORUM. 
FORGE,  'u.  To  form  by  hammering;  to  imitate.  F./or- 

ger,  to  hammer. 


FOR— FRA 

FORMULA,  s.  A  prescribed  order.  1^.  formula :  form a^ 

a  form. 
FORTIFY.  V.   To  strengthen.    F.  fortifier;  L.  fortis, 

strong',  and./ttr/o,  to  make. 
FORTrrUDE.  s.  Bravery  in  resisting,  or  in  suffering. 

lu.fortitiido:  from  fortia^  hardy,  strong. 
FORTRESS.  6-.  A  fortified  building.    Y ,  fortrcsae:  L, 

fortis^  strong. 
FORTUITOUS.  Of//'.  Accidental.  l.,fortuituf^:  forth-. 

gen.  oi  forsy  chance,  and  itus,  the  act  of  going. 
FORTUNATE,  ar/y.  Lucky;  successful.  'L.fortutiatus: 

fortuna^  fortune. 
FORUM,  s.  The  market-place  of  Rome,  where  great 

judicial  causes  were  tried.  L.  forum^  a  market-place. 
FOSSE,  s.  A  military  ditch.  Y.  fosse;  h.  fossa:  fossus, 

p.  part,  of  fodio,  to  dig. 
FOSSIL,  s.  Something  dug  out  of  the  earth.  L.  fossi- 

lis.— See  FOSSE. 
FOUND,  -v.  To  originate,  as  a  town  or  a  colony.   L. 

fundo^  (^fuiidare^')  to  lay  the  groundwork :  fundus ^l^^.Vidi. 
FOUND.  V.  To  cast,  as  at  a  foundry.  L.  fundo^  (ff-n- 

derc^)  to  pour  out. 
FOUNDRY,  s.  A  place  where  articles  are  formed  of 

melted  metals. — See  FOUND,  to  cast. 
FRACTION,  s.  An  arithmetical  part  of  an  integer.  L. 

fractlo:  fracius^  p.  part,  oi  frango^  to  break. 
FRACTURET.  s.  Breach;  separation  of  a  bone.  lu.fraC' 

tura.-See  FRACTION. 
FRAGILE,  adj.  Easily  broken ;  unceilain.  Ij.fragilis: 

frango^  to  break. 
FRAGMENT,  s,  A  part  broken  off;  an  imperfect  part. 

lu.  fragmenttim:  from  fra?igo,  to  break. 
FRAGRANT,  adj.  Sweet-smelling,  h.  fragrajis,  pavt. 

of  fragro^  to  smell  sweetly. 
FRANCHISE,  s.  Privilege.  F, 

FRANGIBLE,  adj.  Easily  broken.  'L.fraiigo^  to  break. 
FRANTIC,  adj.  Mad;  outrageously  mad.    (corrupted 

from  phrenetic,^ 
FRATERNAL,  adj.  Brotherly;  relating  to  brothers.  F. 

frater7iel:  l^.frater^  a  brother. 
FRATRICIDE,  s.  Murder  of  a  brother.  L.  fratricidl^ 

um:  f rater  J  a  brother,  and  citdo^  to  kill. 

[11*] 


FRA— FUL 

FRAUD,  s.  Deceit;  dishonesty.  F./raude:  L,.fratcdiSj 

gen.  of  ./raw5,  deceit. 
FRENETIC,  adj.   Originally,   Phrenetic.     Mad;    dis- 
tracted.  G.  phrenetikos:  fihrenetis,  madness. 
FRENZY.  5.  Madness;  mental  distraction.  G.  fihrene- 

tis^  madness ;  whence,  phrenetisy— phrenetsy— -phren- 

zy — frenzy. 
FRIABLE,  adj.  Easily  reduced  to  powder.  F.  friable^ 

\a.  friabilis:  frio^  to  crumble. 
FRICTION,  s.  The  act  of  rubbing.  'L.frictio:  frico^  to 

rub. 
FRIGID,    adj.  Cold;   dull.    'L.  frigidus:  irom  JrigiiSy 

cold. 
FRIGORIFIC.  adj.  Producing  cold;  or,  in  chemical 

language,  depriving  of  heat.  L.  frigorijicus:  comp.  of 

frii^or^  cold,  and/acifo,  to  make. 
FRISEUR.  s.  A  hairdresser.  Y .friseur:  friser,  to  curl. 
FRITTER.  V.  To  cut  small;  to  destroy  gradually.  F. 

friture^  a  piece  of  meat  cut  small:  h. /rictus,  p.  part. 

of  fricoy  to  rub. 
FRIVOLOUS,    adj.   Slight;  trifling.    "L.  frivolus,  tri- 

fling. 
FRONT,  s.   The  face;  the  forepart  of  any  thing.   F. 

front:  L.  frons,  the  forehead. 
FRONTAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  forehead.  Y./rontal.--^ 

See  FRONT. 
FRUCTIFY.    V.   To  make  fruitful.    Y.'fructijier:    L. 

fructusy  fruit,  and  facio,  to  make. 
FRUGAL,     adj.    Sparing ;    economical.    L.  frugalis; 

from  frugesy  fruit,  or  corn :  meaning,  careful  of  pro- 
visions. 
FRUITION,  adj.  Enjoyment  of  what  one  possesses.  L. 

fruitusy  part,  of  fruor,  to  enjoy.     The  miser  has  pos- 
session, but  not  fruition. 
FRUSTRATE,  v.  To  defeat,  l^./rustro,  to  disappointc 
FUEL,  s.  Material  for  burning.  Y.feu,  fire. 
FUGITIVE,  arf/.  Escaping;  unstable;  volatile.  L,.  fu- 

gltivu.s-:  fugioy  to  escape. 
FUGITIVE,  s.  One  who  runs  from  his  station  or  duty, 

—See  the  adjective. 
FULMINATE,  v.  To  make  a  loud   crack;  to  issue 


FUM— GAR 

ecclesiastical  censure.  'L.fuimino:  from/'«/;n(?w,  tluin- 

der. 
FUME.  s.  Smoke;  vapour,  lu.  fumus^  smoke. 
FUMIGATE.  V.  To  fill  with  smoke  or  vapour. — See 

FUME. 
FUNCTION,  s.  Performance;  employment,  lu.fujictio: 

functus^  part,  oi  fungor^  to  execute. 
fIjNDAMENTAL.  adj.  Relating  to  the  foundation  or 

origin;  essential.  \^.  fundamGut alls;  fundament um^  a 

foundation ;  fundo^  to  found. 
FUNGOUS,    adj.   Excrescent.    L.  fungus^    a    mush- 
room. 
FURTIVE,  adj.  Stolen,  h.  furtivus:  fur,  a  thief. 
FUSE.  V.  To  melt.    L.  fusum,  sup.  oi  fundo,  to  pour 

out. 
FUSE.    s.    A    small    pipe,    inserted    in    a   bomb-shell, 

through  which  the  exploding  fire  passes.  F.fziseau,  a 

spindle. 
FUSIBLE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  melted. — See  the  verb 

FUSE. 
FUTILE.  «(^y.  Of  no  effect,  h.fui His,  trivia.]. 
FUTURE,  adj.  Relating  to  time  to  come.  L.  futurus, 

about  to  be;  part,  of  the  irreg.  v.  sum,  I  am. 


G. 

GALAXY,  s.  A  stream  of  light  in  the  sky,  called  the 
milky  way.  G.  gaiaxia:  from  gala,  milk. — See  the 
heathen  mythology. 

GALLICISM,  s.  A  mode  of  speech  peculiar  to  the 
French  language.  F.  galucisme:  L.  Gallia,  the  an- 
cient name  of  France. 

GANGRENE,  s.  A  cancerous  sore.  L.  gangrcena:  G. 
gaino,  to  feed  on;  meaning,  to  destroy. 

GARGLE.  V.  To  wash  the  throat.  F.  gargouillcr:  G. 
gargareon,  the  throat. 

GARRISON,  s.  The  soldiers  of  a  fortified  town  or  cas- 
tle; the  town  or  castle  having  defenders.  F.  gai-nison; 
garnii',  to  furnish. 

GARRULOUS,  adj.  Talkative,  h,  garrulus;  >oin  gar- 
rio,  to  prate. 


CAS—GEN 

GASCONADE,  s.  A  boast;  a  bravado.  F.  from  Gas- 
cony  an  inhabitant  of  Gascony,  in  France;  a  province 
remarkable  for  boasting. 

GASTRIC,  adj.  Relating-  to  the  stomach.  G.  gastei-^ 
the  belly,  or  stomach. 

GELATINOUS,  adj.  Of  the  nature  of  jelly.  L.  gela- 
tusy  p.  part,  o^ gelo,  to  freeze:  geln,  frost. 

GELID,  adj.  Extremely  cold;  frozen.  L.  gelidus:  gelu, 
frost. 

GEM.  s.  A  jewel.  L.  ge7nma.^  a  jewel. 

GEMINI,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac,  represented  by 
figures  of  the  twin  brothers,  Castor  and  Pollux.  L. 
ge 7.712 fiiy  twins. 

GENDER,  s.  A  natural  sex;  a  gram-matical  sex.  F. 
ge77dre:  L.  ge7ieris,  genitive  oi genus,  a  kind. 

GENEALOGY,  s.  History  of  the  succession  of  fami- 
lies. G.  ge7iea,  a  generation,  and  logos,  a  description. 

GEJVERA.   s.  Classes.— See  GENUS. 

GENERATE.  5.  To  beget;  to  produce.  1^.  genera:  ge- 
nus, a  race. 

GENERIC,  adj.  Relating  to  a  genus  or  class.  F.  gene- 
riq7ie;  L.  generis,  genitive  of  genus,  a  race. 

GENESIS,  s.  The  first  book  of  Moses,  wdiich  describes 
the  creation  of  the  world  and  the  lives  of  the  first  pa- 
triarchs. G.  ge7iesls;  from  genea,  a  generation. 

GENIAL,  adj.  Contributing  to  propaga.tion ;  natural. 
L.  ge?iialis;  genus,  a  race. 

GENITALS,  s.  The  members  of  generation.  L.  gcni- 
talisr—^ce  GENIAL. 

GENITIVE,  adj.  A  case  in  grammar,  called  by  the 
Latins,  ge7iitivus;  from  gigno,  to  beget,  because,  it, 
in  a  manner,  generates  other  cases  depending  on  it, 
and  is  chiefly  used  in  the  formation  of  compounded 
words. 

GENTEEL,  adj.  Polite;  graceful;  f.ishionable.  F.  gen- 
til;  ge7it,  proper:  L.  ge7itis,  (gen.  ol  gens^j  of  the  na- 
tion. 

GENTILE,  s.  A  term  applied  by  the  Israelites  and 
Christians,  to  distinguish  a  foreigner,  or  one  who 
knew  not  the  true  God.  L.  ge7itilis;  from  gentes,  (pi. 
oi genv,)  the  nations. 

GENTLE,  adj.  Formerly  meant  well-born;  hence,  the 


GEN— GLA 

icnngenile?}ia}2;  but  it  now  si^iifics  mild. — See  GEN- 
TEEL. 

GENUFLEXION.  .9.  The  act  of  bending  the  knee.  L. 
gefiu,  a  knee,  and  Jicctio^  or  Jiexio^  a  bending;  from 
fiecto^  to  bend. 

GENUINE,  adj.  Not  spurious;  unmixed;  natural.  L. 
genuinus;  from  genus^  a  kindred,  or  sort. 

GENUS,  s.  A  class.  L.  ge?ius,  a  race,  or  sort:  pi. 
genei'a. 

GEOGRAPHY,  s.  Description  of  the  earth,  according- 
to  its  natural  or  political  divisions.  G.  ge^  the  earth, 
and  gra/i/io^  to  describe. 

GEOMETRY,  s.  Originally  signified  the  art  of  mea- 
suring the  earthy  or  certain  divisions  of  it;  but  it  is 
now  used  for  the  science  of  quantity  or  extension  ab- 
stractedly, without  any  regard  to  matter.  G.  geome- 
tria :  comp.  of  ge,  the  earth,  and  metreo,  to  mea- 
sure. 

GEORGIC.  adj.  Relating  to  the  culture  of  land,  as 
treated  by  Virgil.  L.  georgkus:  G.  georgikon:  ge, 
the  earth,  and  ergo7i,  work. 

GERMINATE,  v.  To  sprout.  L.  germino:  germen^  a 
branch,  or  bud. 

GESTATION,  s.  The  act  of  carrying  the  young  be- 
fore birth.  L.  ge&tatio:  from  gestusy  p.  part,  of  gero, 
to  carry. 

GESTICULATION,  s.  Various  postures,  generally 
expressing  sentiment.  L.  gesticulatio:  gesticulory  to 
represent  by  gesture. — See  GESTURE. 

GESTURE,  s.  An  expressive  posture.  L.  gestio,  to 
show  joy,  or  to  leap  :  gestus,  p.  part,  of  gei'Oy  to 
show. 

GIBBOUS.  «f//.  Convex;  protuberant,  lu.  gibbus. 

CUGANTIC.  adj.  Of  large  stature.  L.  gigantism  gen. 
of  gigasy  a  giant. 

GLACIERS.  6'.  Huge  masses  of  mountain  ice.  F.  gla- 
ciei's;  glaccy  ice :  L.  glacies. 

GLACIS,  s.  In  fortification,  is  a  smooth,  sloping  fence. 
F.  glacis;  giace,  ice:    L.  glacies. 

GLADIATOR,  s.  A  Roman  prize-fighter,  with  or 
without  a  sword.  L.  gladiator:  from  gladiusy  a 
sword. 


GLA— GRA 

GLAND,  s.  A  term  in  anatomy.  F.  gland:  L.  glaiidu- 

la,  a  kernel  in  the  flesh. 
GLANDERS,    s.    A    glandular    disorder    peculiar   to 

horses,  and  creating  a  purulent  discharge  from  the 

nostrils. — See  GLAND. 
GLEBE,  s.  Land;   church-land.    L.  gleba^  a  lump  of 

earth. 
GLOBE.    5.  A  round  bodv ;   the  earth.     L.   globus^  a 

ball. 
GLOBULAR,  adj.  Having  the  form  of  a  globe.— Sec 

GLOBE. 
GLOBULE,  s.  A  round  particle  of  matter.  L.  globu- 
lus.—^qq  GLOBE. 
GLOSSARY,  s.  A  dictionary  of  antiquated  or  obscure 

words.    L.  glossarimn:  G.  glossuy  a  tongue,  or  lan- 
guage. 
GLUTINOUS,  adj.  Of  the  nature  of  glue.  L.  glutino- 

sus:  gluten,  glue. 
GLUTTON.  5.  One  who  indulges  too  much  in  eating. 

F.  glouton:  L.  glutio,  to  swallow. 
GNOMON.  6-.  The  hand  or  stile  of  a  dial.  G.  gnomon^ 

one  that  knows. 
GNOMONICS.  s.  The  art  of  dialling.  G.  gnomonike. 

—See  GNOMON. 
GNOSTIC,  s.   One   of  a  numerous  sect  of  Christians 

of  the  first  century,  who  pretended  to  a  high  degree 

of  knowledge,  and  held   extravagant  notions  of  reli- 
gion.  G.  ginosko,  to  know. 
GORMANDIZE,  v.  To  eat  greedily.  F.  goiirinand,  a 

glutton. 
GRADATION,  s.  Regular  progress  from  one  degree 

to  another.  L.  gradatio:  from  gradus,  a  step. 
GRADUAL,  adj.  Proceeding  by  degrees.  F.  graducl: 

L.  gradus,  a  step. 
GRADUATE,  v.  To  mark  with  degrees;  to  obtain  a 

collegiate  degree.  L.  gradus,  a  step.  ^ 
GRAMINEOUS,  adj.  Grassy,  h.  grajulncus:  gramen, 

grass. 
GRAMINIVOROUS,     adj.    Grass-eating;    living   on 

grass.  L.  gramen,  grass,  and  voro,  to  eat. 
GRAMMAR,  s.  The  art  of  using  a  language  correctly; 


GRA—GUT 

a  book  which  teaches  the  science  of  grammar.  F. 

grammaire:   G.  grcniima^  a  letter. 
GRANARY,  s.  A  store  for  corn.  L.  granarium:  from 

granum^  a  grain  of  corn. 
GRANITE,    s.  A   sort  of   stone,    formed  of  distinct 

grains  or  particles.  F.  granit:  L.  granum,  a  grain. 
GRANIVOROUS.  adj.  Living  on  grain.  L.  granuiriy 

a  grain  of  corn,  and  voro.,  to  eat. 
GRANULATE,  v.  To  form  into  grains.  L.  granum^  a 

grain,  and  latum^  sup.  oi  fero^  to  bring. 
GRAPHIC,  adj.  Relating  to  the  art  of  engraving.  G. 

grafiho^  to  write,  or  engrave. 
GRATIFY.  V.  To  indulge;   to   please.    L.  gratificor: 

comp.  of  gratus.)  agreeable,  and y«c/o,  to  make. 
GRATIS,   s.  Without  requiring  payment.    L.  gratis: 

gratus^  M^elcome. 
GRATUITOUS.  «f//.  Voluntary;  as  a  gift.  lu.  gratuU 

tus.—See  GRATIS.     Gratuitous  is  sometimes  used 

to  denote  ivithout  proof i  but  this  sense  is  erroneous. 
GRATUITY,  s.  A  gift.  F.  gratuite.^See  GRATIS. 
GRATULATORY.    adj.    Expressing    congratulation. 

h.  gratuior,  to  congratulate:  gratus,  welcome. 
GRAVE,  adj.  Solemn.  L.  gravis^,  weighty. 
GRAVITATE,  v.   To  tend,    by  intrinsic   weight,  to- 
wards the  centre  of  attraction. — See  GRAVITY. 
GRAVITY,  s.  Weight;  solemnity.  L.  gravidas;  gravis, 

heavy. 
GRECISM.    s.    A    mode   of   speech   peculiar   to   the 

Greek     language.      L.     gracismus ;     from     Gracia, 

Greece. 
GREGARIOUS,  adj.  Living  in  flocks.  L.  gregariuss 

from  greges,  pi.  of  grex,  a  flock. 
GROSS,   adj.  Bulky;   palpable;   unrefined;   indelicate, 

F.  gros,  thick,  coarse. 
GUARANTEE,  s.  One  Avho  insures  the  fulfilment  of  a 

contract.  F.  garantie:  from  garantir,  (formerly  giia- 

raniir,)  to  warrant. 
GUBERNATORIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  office  of  a 

chief  magistrate.  L.  gubei-nator,  a  governor. 
GUTTURAL,  adj.  Pronounced  in  the  throat.  L.  gut- 

turalis:  guttiir,  the  throat. 


GYM—HAR 

aYMNASTIC.  adj.  Relating  to  athletic  exercises.  L. 
gymnasticus:  G.  gumnastikos:  from  gumnos^  un- 
clothed. 

GYMNOSOPHIST.  s.  One  of  a  sect  of  Indian  philo- 
sophers, who  thought  it  conformable  with  the  law  of 
nature  to  go  naked.  F.  gymnosofihist;  G.  gumnos^ 
naked,  and  sofihistes,  a  wise  man. 

GYRATION,  s.  The  act  of  turning  any  thing  about. 
L.  gyratus,  turned  about.  G.  guros,  a  circuit. 


H. 

HABEAS  CORPUS.  The  name  of  the  great  writ  of 
English  liberty,  by  which  a  prisoner's  attorney  may 
bring  the  accused  out  of  jail,  and  insist  on  his  being 
tried.   L.  habeas,  you  may  have,  cor/ius,  the  body. 

HABILIMENT,  s.  Dress.  F.  habillement:  L.  hab'eo,  to 
have. 

HABIT,  s.  The  effect  of  custom;  dress.  L.  habitus; 
habeo,  to  have. 

HABITABLE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  dwelt  in.  L.  habi- 
tabilis.^See  HABITATION. 

HABITATION,  s.  Place  of  abode.  L.  habitatioi  habito^ 
to  dwell;  from  habeo,  to  have. 

HALCYON,  adj.  Happy.  L.  halcyoneus:  from  Haley- 
one.,  daughter  of  jEoIus;  who,  (according  to  a  heathen 
fiction,)  drowned  herself  in  the  sea:  whence,  birds  of 
the  same  name  arose;  during  whose  hatching,  there  is 
always  a  calm. 

HALO.  s.  A  coloured  circle  around  the  sun,  moon,  or 
any  of  the  large  stars.  G.  halos,  an  area. 

HANAPER.  s.  The  clerk  of  the  hanaper  receives  the 
fees  due  to  the  king  of  England  for  charters  and  pa- 
tents. Low  L.  haiiafierium,  a  large  basket,  or  a  trea- 
sury. 

HARANGUE,  v.  To  address  by  an  oration.  F.  haran- 
guer;  au,  to,  rang,  a  row:  meaning,  a  speech  to  a 
number  of  people  standing  in  a  row. 

HARASS.  IK  To  weary.  F.  harasser:  harasse^  a  heavy 
buckler. 


I-IAR— HER 

HARICOT,  s.  A  kind  of  ragout,  generally  made  of 
meat-steaks  and  cut  roots.   F.  haricot, 

HARMONY,  s.  Agreement;  musical  concord.  G.  har- 
inonia:  comp.  of  haro^  to  fit,  and  monas^  unity. 

HAUGHTY,  adj.  Arrogant;  contemptuous.  F.  haut^ 
high ;  or  from  a  Saxon  word  of  the  same  meaning. 

HAUTEUR,  s.  Pride;  haughtiness.  F.  hauteur:  haut^ 
high. 

HEBDOMADAL,  adj.  Weekly.  L.  hebdomada;  G. 
hebdomas.,  a  week:  hefita.,  seven. 

HECATOMB,  s.  An  ancient  heathen  sacrifice  of  a 
hundred  head  of  cattle.  1^.  hecatombcs;  G.  hekatombe: 
hckaton^  a  hundred,  and  boits.,  an  ox. 

HECTIC,  adj.  Constitutional.  F.  hectique:  G.  hexis^  a 
habit. 

HEINOUS,  adj.  Atrocious.  F.  haincux:  from  hainCy 
ill-will. 

HELIOSCOPE.  .9.  A  kind  of  telescope,  or  glass,  con- 
trived to  enable  one  to  look  at  the  sun  without  injury 
to  the  eye.  G.  helios^  the  sun,  and  skofieo^  to  view. 

HEMISPHERE,  s.  Half  a  sphere;  half  of  the  earth, 
G.  hemisp  hair  ion:  comp.  of  hemisu^  half,  and  s/ihaira.^ 
a  globe,  or  sphere. 

HEMISTIC.  s.  Half  averse  of  poetry.  G.  hemisstichion: 
he  mis  u.,  half,  and  stichos,  a  verse. 

HEMORRHAGE,  s.  A  violent  flux  of  blood.  G.  hai- 
7norrhagia;  haima^  blood,  and  rhegnumi^  to  burst. 

HEMORRHOIDS,  s.  The  piles.  Q.  haimorr hides;  hai- 
ma.,  blood,  and  rheo.,  to  flow. 

HEPTAGON,  s.  A  figure  having  seven  sides  and  an- 
gles. G.  hefita.^  seven,  and  gonia^  a  corner,  or  angle. 

HEPTANDRIA.  s.  A  genus  of  plants  with  herma- 
phrodite flowers  and  seven  stamina.  G.  hejita^  seven, 
and  aiidria^  virility. 

HEPTANGULAR'  adj.  Having  seven  angles.  G.  hefita^ 
seven,  and  L.  a?igulus,  a  corner,  or  angle. 

HEPTARCHY,  s.  A  federal  government,  consisting 
of  seven  states.  G.  hefita^  seven,  and  arche^  govern- 
ment. 

HERCULEAN,  adj.  Having  great  strength,  or  large 
bodily  frame;  laborious. — See  Hercules^  in  the  hea- 
then mythology. 
[12] 


HER— HEX 

HEREDITARY,  adj.  Descending  by  inheritance.  L. 
herediiarius — See  HEIR. 

PIERESIARCH.  s.  A  leader  in  heresy.  F.  heresiarque; 
G.  hairesis,  heresy,  and  arc/ios,  a  chief. 

HERESY,  s.  An  opinion  different  from  the  tenets  of 
the  catholic  church.  F.  heresie;  G.  hairesisi  from  hai- 
reo^  to  adopt  [an  opinion.] 

HERETIC.  8.  One  who  propagates  or  is  inclined  to 
heresy.  F.  heretique;  G.  hairetikos, — See  HERESY. 

HERITAGE,  s.  Inheritance;  estate  devolved  by  suc- 
cession; estate  in  general.   F.  heritage. — See  HEIR. 

HERMAPHRODITE,  s.  An  animal,  or  a  plant,  which 
unites  the  two  sexes.  F.  hermaphrodite;  G.  Hermes^ 
Mercury,  and  Aphrodite^  Venus. 

HERMETICALLY,  adv.  In  a  manner  practised  by 
chemists,  (as  hermetically  sealed.)  G.  Hermes^  Mer- 
cury, the  fabled  inventor  of  chemistry. 

HERMIT,  s.  A  person  who  lives  in  solitude.  F.  her- 
?nite;   G.  hermites.,  alone. 

HERNL\.  8.  A  corporeal  rupture.  L.  hernia;  G.  her- 
nos,  a  sprout;  alluding  to  its  protuberance. 

HERO.  8.  A  man  eminent  for  bravery;  chief  personage 
in  a  poem  or  drama.  L.  heros^  a  hero :  G.  hero8,  lovely, 
delightful. 

HERPES.  8.  A  species  of  cutaneous  inflammation.  L. 
herpes;  G.  herfio^  to  creep. 

HESITATE.  V.  To  pause.  L.  h<Z8ito;  from  hcsreo^  to 
stick  fast. 

HETEROCLITE.  s.  A  noun  which  varies  from  the 
common  modes  of  declension;  any  person  or  thing 
that  deviates  from  the  common  rule.  L.  heteroclitum; 
G.  heteros^  another,  and  klino^  to  decline. 

HETERODOX.  8.  Differing  from  an  established  opi- 
nion. G.  heteros,  another,  and  doxa,  an  opinion. 

HETEROGENEOUS,  adj.  Dissimilar  in  natural  quali- 
ties. G.  hetero8^  another,  and  genos,  a  kind. 

HEXAGON.  8.  A  figure  having  six  sides  and  angles. 
G.  hexy  six,  and  gonia,  a  corner,  or  angle. 

HEXAMETER,  adj.  Relating  to  verse  of  six  feet.  L. 
hexameter;  G.  hex^  six,  and  metron^  measure. 

HEXANGULAR.  adj.  Having  six  angles.  G.  hex^  six, 
and  L.  angulus,  a  corner,  or  angle. 


HEX— HON 

HEXAPOD.  s.  An  animal  with  six  feet.  G.  hejc,  six, 
and  /lodes,  (pi.  oi  fious^)  feet. 

HIATUS.  5.  A  chasm;  an  omission  in  writing.  L.  hia- 
tus;  hio^  to  gape. 

HIBERNAL,  adj.  Relating  to  winter.  L.  hibenius^  re- 
lating to  winter. 

HIERARCH.  s.  The  chief  of  a  sacred  order.  G.  hieros, 
holy,  and  archos^  a  chief. 

HIEROGLYPHIC,  s.  An  emblem  by  which  an  idea  or 
word  is  signified.  L.  hieroglijjihicus:  G.  hieros.,  sacred, 
and  gliifiho^  to  carve:  because,  used  anciently  in  reli- 
gious writings. 

HILARITY,  s.  Mirth.  L.  hilar  it  as  ^  mirth. 

HIPPOGRIFF.  s.  A  winged  horse,  imagined  by  the 
Italian  poet,  Ariosto.  G.  hijijios^  a  horse,  and  gru/is^  a 
griffin. 

HIPPOPOTAMUS,  s.  The  river-horse.  L.  hi/'fio/iota- 
mus:  G.  hi/iposy  a  horse,  and /zo^amos,  a  river. 

HISTORIOGRAPHER,  s.  A  writer  of  history.  G.his- 
toria^  history,  and  grafiho^  to  write. 

HISTORY,  s.  A  dignified  narration  of  events;  narra- 
tion. L.  historia;   G.  historia;  histor,  a  witness. 

HISTRIONIC,  adj.  Theatrical.  L.  histrio,  a  stage- 
player. 

HOMAGE,  s.  Service  paid,  and  fealty  professed,  to  a 
sovereign  or  superior  lord;  respect  shown  by  external 
action.  F.  hommage;  L.  homagium ;  homo<^  a  man, 
and  agoj  to  execute  any  business,  apply  to,  or  treat 
with. 

HOMICIDE,  s.  The  unpremeditated  killing  of  any  hu- 
man being.  L.  homicidium;  comp.  of  homo^  a  man,  or 
human  being,  and  cxdo^  to  kill. 

HOMILY.  6'.  A  religious  discourse  read  to  a  congrega- 
tion. G.  homilia;  from  ho?nileo^  to  associate. 

HOMOGENEAL.  adj.  Having  the  same  nature  or 
principles.  G.  homos^  like,  and  genosy  a  kind. 

HONEST,  adj.  Upright;  sincere;  just;  chaste,  L.  /lo- 
nestus.,  honourable:  honor^  honour,  respect. 

HONOUR.  5.  Dignity;  reputation;  nobleness  of  mind: 
reverence.  L.  honor.,  honour. 

HONORARY,  adj.  Done  in  honour;  having  honour 
without  gain.  L.  honorarhis. — See  FIONOUR. 


HOR— HUiM 

HORIZON,  s.  The  line  which  terminates  the  view.  G. 
horizon;  horizo^  to  limit. 

HORIZONTAL,  adj.  Parallel  to  the  horizon;  level.— 
See  HORIZON. 

HOROSCOPE,  s.  A  configuration  of  the  planets  by  an 
astrologer,  at  any  particular  hour.  G.  horoskcjios':  ho- 
ra,  an  hour,  and  skopeo^  to  view. 

HORRID,  adj.  Hideous;  dreadful.  L.  horridua;  hor- 
reo^  to  be  rough;  to  tremble  through  fear. 

JiORS  DE  COMBAT.  A  French  ternr,  denoting 
wounded,  or  rendered,  by  some  other  accident,  in  bat- 
tle, unfit  for  immediate  service:  horfi^  out,  de^  of,  com- 
bat., battle. 

HORTATIVE,  adj.  Exhortive.  L.  hortativus;  from 
hortor^  to  advise. 

HORTICULTURE,  s.  The  art  of  cultivating  gardens. 
L.  hortU  gen.  of  /lortus,  a  garden,  and  culture. 

HOSANNA.  s.  Exclamation  of  praise  to  God.  G.  /lo- 
sanna;  from  two  Hebrew  words;  signifying,  I  pray 
salvation,  I  wish  prosperity. 

HOSPITABLE,  adj.  Kind  to  strangers.  L.  hoafiitahi- 
lis;  hospitium^  an  inn;  hos/ics,  a  guest,  or  an  enter- 
tainer. 

liOSPITAL.  s.  A  place  built  for  the  reception  of  the 
sick,  or  poor.  L.  hospiialis,  belonging  to  strangers. — 
See  HOSPITABLE. 

ilOST.  s.  One  v»'ho  entertains  in  his  own  house;  the 
landlord  of  an  inn.  F.  hoste;  L.  hof^fies^  an  entertainer. 
An  army  assembled  for  war;  a  multitude:  hostis^^.v, 
enemy.  The  consecrated  wafer  in  the  Roman  church : 
hostia^  a  sacrifice  for  having  obtained  a  victory  over 
enemies;  or  a  sacrifice  in  general. 

HOSTILE,  adj.  Adverse;  opposed.  L,  hostilis;  from 
hofites^  a  foreigner,  a  public  enemy. 

HUMAN,  adj.  Relating  to  mankind.  L,  humanus;  ho- 
mo.) a  man. 

HUMANE,  adj.  Charitable;  merciful.  Y.  humaine. — 
•See  HUMAN. 

HUMBLE,  adj.  Low;  unassuming.  F.  humble;  L.  hii- 
mills;  from  humus.,  the  ground. 

HUMID,  adj.  Moist.  L.  humidus;  humusy  the  ground. 


HUM—HYM 

HUMILITY.  5.  Humbleness;  freedom  from  arrogance. 
V.  hu/nilite;  L.  hum  Hit  as, — See  HUMBLE. 

HUMOUR,  s.  Bodily  moisture;  temper  of  mind;  a  sort 
of  wit.  L.  humor. — See  HUMID. 

HYDRA,  s.  A  monstrous  wa^er-scrpent,  with  many 
heads,  said  to  have  been  slain  by  Hercules ;  a  compli- 
cated mischief.  L.  hydra;  G.  hiidor^  water. 

HYDRANT,  s.  A  pipe,  with  a  turncock  attached,  from 
which  water  issues  for  the  convenience  of  the  public, 
or  of  a  private  family.  G.  hudor^  water. 

HYDRAULICS,  s.  The  art  of  conveying  water  through 
pipes.  G.  hudor^  water,  and  aulas,  a  pipe. 

HYDROCEPHALUS,  s.  A  dropsy  in  the  head.  L. 
hydroccphalos ;  G.  hudor,  water,  and  kejihald,  the 
head. 

HYDROGEN,  s.  One  of  the  constituent  parts  of  water. 
G.  hudor^  water,  and  gennao,  to  produce. 

HYDROGRAPHER.  s.  One  who  draws  sea-charts.  G. 
hudor,  water,  and  grapho,  to  describe. 

HYDROINIETER.  s.  An  instrument  for  ascertaining 
the  weight  of  liquids.  G.  hudor,  water,  and  metreo,  to 
measure. 

HYDROPHOBIA,  s.  Canine  madness;  the  most  strik- 
ing evidence  of  which  is  a  dread  of  water.  L.  hydro- 
phobia; G.  hudrophobia;  hudor,  venter,  ^nd  phobia, 
fear. 

HYDROPIC,  adj.  Dropsical.  L.  hydropicus;  G.  hu- 
drops,  the  dropsy:  hudor,  water,  and  ops,  an  appear- 
ance. 

HYDROSTATICS,  s.  The  science  of  the  weight  and 
pressure  of  water.  G.  hudor,  water,  and  statos,  part, 
of  istemi.,  to  stand  or  sustain. 

HYGROMETER,  s.  An  instrument  for  denoting  the 
humidity  of  the  atmosphere.  G.  hugros,  moist,  and 
metreo,  to  measure. 

HYGROSCOPE.  s.  A  hygrometer.  G.  hugros,  moist, 
and  skofieo,  to  view. 

HYGRO STATICS.  *.  The  science  which  ascertains 
degrees  of  moisture.  G.  hugros,  moist,  and  statos, 
part,  of  istemi,  to  stand  or  sustain 

HYMENEAL,  adj.  Relating  to  marriage.  L.  Hymen, 
the  u:od  of  marriage. 

['2*3 


HYM— HYS 

HYMN.  s.  A  song  of  praise;  a  divine  song.  F.  hymne; 

G.  humnos^  a  song  of  praise. 
HYPERBOLA,  s.  A  term  in  mathematics.  G.  huperj 

over,  and  ballo^  to  throw. 
HYPERPOLE'.  s.  A  rhetorical  figure,  by  which  any 

thing  is  increased  or  diminished  beyond  the  truth.  L. 

hyperbole;   G.  huperbole ;   comp.  of  hujier^  over,  and 

hallo ^  to  throw. 
HYPERBOREAN,  adj.  Northern.  L.  hyjierboreus;  G. 

huper^  above,  and  Borcan^  the  north-wind. 
HYPERCRITICAL,   adj.  Captiously  exact  as  a  critic, 

G.  huper^  above,  and  critical. — See  CRITIC. 
HYPHEN,  s.  A  mark  (-)  used  to  join  words,  and  parts 

of  words.  G.  huphen-f  together. 
HYPOCHONDRIAC,  adj.  Melancholy;  disordered  in 

the  imagination;  a  state  in  which  a  person  is  bound 

down,  as  by  some  animal  cord.  F.  hypocho?idriacj7iej 

G.  /^^/^o,  under,  and  c/io7idros,  a  cartilage. 
HYPOCRISY,  s.  Dissimulation,  with  regard  to  moral 

or  religious  sentiments.  G.  hupokrisisj  hupoy  under, 

and  krisis.f  judging:  that  is,  judging  or  thinking  under 

some  cover,  or  cloak. 
HYPOGASTRIC,  adj.  Seated  in  the  lower  part  of  the 

belly.  Y.  hypo^astrique;  G.  A2//2  0,  under,  and  ^^a&^t-rj 

the  belly. 
HYPOTHECATE,  -v.  To  deposit  as  a  pledge.  L.  hy- 

Jiotheca.)  a  pledge:  G.  hupo^  irom,  and  t/ieke,  a  place 

of  deposit. 
HYPOTHENUSE.  s.  The  longest  side  of  a  right-an- 
gled triangle.  G.  hiipotenousa;  comp.  oihupo,  under^ 

and  teino,  to  stretch  out. 
HYPOTHESIS,  s.  A  supposition.    L.  hypothesis;   G. 

hupothesis;  hupo,  before,  and  thesis.,  a  position. 
HYSTERIC,  or  HYSTERICAL,  adj.  Subject  to  a  spe^ 

cies  of  fits.    G.  husterikos;  hustera.,  the  womb ;   from 

which  region,  the  cause  of  this  female  weakness  was 

supposed  to  issue. 


lAM— -IGN 


I. 


IAMBUS,  s.  A  poetical  foot,  consistinj^  of  a  short  syl- 
lable followed  by  a  long  one.  L.  iambus:  G.  iambos: 
from  iambizo^  to  rail  or  revile ;  the  ia.mbic  measure 
having'  been  originally  used  only  in  satire. 

ICHOR,  s.  A  thin,  watery  humour.  G.  iclior^  raw  or 
immature  blood. 

ICHTHYOLOGY,  s.  The  science  of  the  nature  of 
fishes.  G.  ichthuologia:  comp.  of  ichthua-^  a  fish,  and 
logos^  a  description. 

ICTERICAL.  adj.  AfBicted  with  jaundice.  L.  icteri- 
ciis:  G.  iktei'Cfs^  the  jaundice. 

IDEA.  s.  A  mental  conception.  G.idea:  fromeiV/o,to  see; 
that  is,  in  the  mind. 

IDENTITY.  *.  Sameness.  L.  idanitas :  idem,  the 
same. 

IDES.  s.  A  term  in  the  Roman  kalendar,  denoting  the 
13th  day  of  each  month,  except  in  March,  May,  July, 
and  October,  in  which  it  relates  to  the  15th.  L.  iduii. 
The  further  etymology  of  this  word  is  so  obscure, 
that  I  will  not  attempt  to  display  it. 

IDIOM,  s,  A  mode  of  speech  peculiar  to  a  language. 
G.  idioma:  from  idio.^,  peculiar. 

IDIOT,  s.  A  fool.  L.  idiota:  G.  idios,  deprived. 

IDOL.  s.  An  image  worshiped  as  God;  one  loved  or 
honoured  almost  to  adoration.  L.  idolum;  G.  eidolon, 
an  image:  from  eido,  to  see. 

IGNEOUS,  adj.  Containing  fire.  L.  igneus:  ignis,  fire, 

IGNIS-FATUUS.  s.  A  meteor  arising  from  marshes 
or  stagnant  waters;  will-o-the-wisp.  L.  ignis,  fire,  and 
fatuus,  foolish  or  flashy. 

IGNITE,  -0.  To  kindle.  L.  ignis,  fire. 

IGNOMINIOUS,  adj.  Disgraceful.  L.  ignominiosus; 
from  igno?ni7iia,  properly  a  mark  of  disgrace  prefixed 
to  a  man's  name  by  the  Roman  censors:  ignavus, 
slothful  or  cowardly,  and  7iomen,  a  nam.e. 

IGNORAMUS,  s.  Signifies  "  we  do  not  perceive  any 
crime;"  a  verdict  of  acquittal  given  by  a  grand  jury. 
L.  ignoro,  to  be  ignorant^ 


IGN—IMB 

IGNORANT,  adj.  Wanting  knowledge;  untaught.  F. 

ignorant:  L.  ignorans^  part,  of  ignoro,  not  to  know. 
IGNORE.  V.  To  quash  a  bill  of -indictment,  by  writing 

on  it  the  word  ignora?nus. — See  IGNORAMUS. 
ILLATIVE,  adj.   Relating  to  mference  or  conclusion. 

L.  Hiatus^  p.  part,  oiinfero:  comp.  of  m,  into,  and/>- 

ro^  to  bring. 
ILLAUDIBLE.  adj.  Not  deserving  praise  or  approba- 
tion. L,  illaudabilis:  comp.  of  m,  not,  and  laudabilis, 

praiseworthy :  laudo^  to  praise. 
ILLEGAL,  adj.  Not  lawful.  L.  m,  not,  and  legal. 
ILLEGIBLE,  adj.   Impossible  to  be  read.  L.  iw,  not, 

and  legible. 
ILLEGITIMATE,  ar//.  Irregular;  not  born  in  wedlock. 

L.  /«,  not,  and  legitimate. 
ILLIBERAL,  adj.  Not  liberal;  not  generous;  sparing. 

L.  illiberalis:  in^  not,  and  liberalise  genteel,  liberal: 

liber.,  free. 
ILLICIT,  adj.  Unlawful.  L.  illicitus:  from  ztz,  not,  and 

liceo.)  to  be  lawful. 
ILLITERATE,  adj.  Unlearned;  untaught.  L.  illitera- 

tus:  comp.  of  in^  without,  and  liter  a  ^  letters. 
ILLUMINATE,  v.  To  enlighten;  to  adorn  with  lights. 

L.  illumino:  in^  into,  and  lumen.,  light. 
ILLUDE.  -v.  To  deceive,  or  mock.  L.  illudo:  i?i,  against, 

and  ludo,  to  sport. 
ILLUSION.  5.  Deception;  error,  h.  illusio. — See  IL- 
LUDE. 
ILLUSTRATE,  v.  To   explain.    L.  illustro:  in^  con- 
cerning, and  lustro^  to  purify;  that  is,  to  free  from 

obscurity. 
ILLUSTRIOUS,  adj.  Conspicuously  eminent  for  good 

qualities;  noble.  L.  illustris,  bright. 
IMBECILE,  adj.  Weak;  ineffectual.  L.  imbecilis,  weak. 
IMBIBE.  V.  To  draw  in;  to  absorb;  to  acquire.  L.  iyn^ 

bibo:  comp.  of  m,  into,  and  biboy  to  drink. 
IMBRICATED,  adj.  Indented  with  cavities;  hollowed 

like  a  gutter-tile.  L.  iJnbricis,  gen.  oiimbrex^  a  small 

canal  or  gutter  to  carry  off  rain :  imber,  a  shower  of 

rain. 
IMBUE.  V.  To  tincture  deeply;  to  furnish  completel}^ 

L.  imbuo^  to  dye,  or  soak. 


IMM— IMP 

lAIMACULATE.  adj.  Spotless;  pure;  -without  a  mo- 
ral blemish.  L.  immaculatus:  from  in^  without,  and 
macula^  a  spot. 

IMMATURE,  adj.  Unripe;  unfinished;  hasty.  L.  iiu 
not,  and  mature. 

IMMEMORIAL,  adj.  Beyond  human  remembrance,  or 
tradition.  L.  z>?,  not,  or  without,  and  memorial. 

IMMENSE,  adj.  Unlimited;  huge.  L.  immensus;  i?2, 
not,  and  77iensus,  (part,  of  metjor^')  measured. 

IMMERGE.  V.  To  immerse.  L.  imjnergo;  in^  within, 
and  marf(0,  the  brink. 

IMMERSE.  V.  To  dip;  to  engage  deeply.  L.  immer- 
sum.,  sup.  o^  immcrgo. — See  IM.MERGE. 

IMMINENT,  adj.  Impending;  threatening.  L.  hnmi- 
nens;  in,  towards,  and  minor.^  to  threaten. 

IMMISCIBLE,  adj.  Not  capable  of  being  intermixed. 
L.  in,  not,  and  miscible. 

IMMOBILITY,  s.  Immoveableness;  resistance  to  mo- 
tion. F.  immobilite;  L.  in,  without,  and  mobilitas,  mo- 
bility, or  activity;  moveo,  to  move. 

IMMOLATE,  -v.  To  sacrifice.  L.  immolo;  comp.  of  m, 
upon,  and  moles,  a  pile. 

IMTvIORAL.  adj.  Against  the  laws  of  natural  religion; 
dishonest.  L.  in,  not,  and  moral. 

IMMORTAL,  adj.  Exempt  from  death;  everlasting. 
L.  in,  not,  and  mortal. 

IMMUNITY,  s.  Privilege;  exemption.  F.  immunite; 
L.  immunitas:  in,  without,  munus,  a  reward. 

IMMURE.  V.  To  imprison.  L.  in,  within,  and  viuruss 
a  wall. 

IMMUTABLE,  adj.  Unchangeable;  unalterable.  L.  27?, 
not,  and  mutable. 

IMPALPABLE,  adj.  Imperceptible  by  touch.  L.  in, 
not,  and  palpable. 

IMPARTIAL,  adj.  Free  from  regard  to  party;  just.  L- 
in,  not,  and  partial. 

IMPEACH,  -v.  To  accuse;  to  accuse  by  public  autho- 
rity. F.  emjitcher,  to  hinder;  because,  the  accused  is 
supposed  to  be  arrested,  or  obstructed  in  his  usual 
employments  and  rights. 

IMPEDE.  V.  To  delay;  to  obstruct.  L.  imficdio;  from 
j«5  against,  Xi\6.  pedes,  (pl.  oipes,)  the  feet. 


IMP—IMP 

IMPEND.  V,  To  hang  over,  as  if  threatening.  L.  hn- 
jiendeo;  in^  upon,  Rud  fiendeo^  to  hang  from. 

IMPENITENT,  adj.  Unrepenting;  obdurate.  L.  m,not, 
and  penitent. 

IMPENNOUS.  adj.  Without  wings.  L.  in,  without, 
fieiuia,  a  quill,  or  wing. 

IMPERATIVE,  adj.  Commanding;  absolutely  required. 
L.  imfierativus;  imfiero.^  to  command. 

IMPERIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  empire,  or  to  an  empire, 
in  the  same  manner  as  regal,  or  royal,  relates  to  a 
kingdom.  L.  imp.erialis ;  imJiero<f  to  rule. 

IMPERIOUS,  adj.  Arrogant;  powerful.  L.  iijifierio- 
susj  from  impero,  to  rule  or  command. 

JMPERIUM  JjY  IMPERIO.  One  government  with- 
in, or  subject  to,  another;  exemplified  in  the  relation 
which  the  several  states  of  America  bear  to  the  fede- 
ral government.  L.  imjierium,  a  government,  m,  with- 
in, ivifierio^  a  government. 

IMPERTINENT,  adj.  Of  no  relation  to  the  matter  in 
debate;  intrusive.  L.  in,  not,  and  pertinent. 

IMPERVIOUS.  Gf/;.  Impenetrable.  L,.imjierviiis;  comp. 
of  m,  without,  ?iVid.  jierviiuyi,  a  passage:  per,  through, 
and  'Via,  a  way. 

IMPETUOUS,  adj.  Violent;  passionate.  F.  impetueux. 
—See  IMPETUS. 

IMPETUS.  5.  Violent  tendency  to  any  point;  violent 
effort.  L.  impetus,  natural  desire  or  instinct:  ivipeto, 
to  invade;  in,  into,  and/^f/o,  to  desire. 

IMPINGE.  V.  To  strike.  L.  impingo;  from  in,  against, 
and  fiango,  to  strike. 

IMPIOUS,  adj.  Irreligious;  wicked.  L.  impius;  in,  not, 
and  pius,  religious,  or  just. 

IMPLACABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  appeased.  L.  implaca- 
bilis;  in,  not,  and  placeo,  to  please. 

IMPLEMENT,  s.  A  tool.  L.  implementum;  from  im- 
pleo,  to  fill,  or  accomplish,  and  mens,  an  intention. 

IMPLETION.  s.  The  act  of  filling,  or  state  of  being 
full.  L.  imjileo,  to  fill. 

IINIPLICATE.  -z'.  To  entangle;  to  involve.  L.  implicoi 
in,  together,  and  piico,  to  knit,  or  fold. 

IMPLICIT,  adj.  Inferred;  not  expressed;  resting  upon 
another;  trusting  without  reserve  or  examination.  L. 


IMP—IMP 

imfilicitus;  p.  part,  of  imjilico;  in^  in,  and  plico^  to 
Ibid. 

IMPLORE.  V.  To  solicit  in  a  suppliant  manner.  L.  ini' 
ploro;  i?i,  towards,  and  y^/oro,  to  weep,  or  cry  out. 

IMPLY.  V.  To  include  as  a  consequence  or  conconii- 
tant.  L.  implico;  in^  into,  and /i//co,  to  fold. 

IMPLUMOUS.  adj.  Without  feathers.  L.  imfilumis; 
in^  without,  ?ii\d  plumay  a  feather. 

IMPORT'.  V.  To  bring  from  abroad;  to  imply.  L.  im- 
porto:  comp.  of  in^  into,  and //ori"©,  to  carry. 

IM'PORT.  s.  Tendency;  meaning:  pi.  merchandise  im- 
ported.— See  the  verb. 

IMPORTANT,  adj.  Momentous;  considerable.  L.  im- 
portans.,  part,  of  im/iorto:  i?i,  into,  and  porto,  to  carry; 
meaning,  to  carry  something  weighty  or  effective. 

IMPORTUNE.  V.  To  teaze;  to  solicit  unceasingly.  L. 
imfiortunitas.,  importunity,  unreasonableness:  /t?,  to- 
wards, and /zor^o,  to  carry;  meaning,  to  carry  a  solici- 
tation frequently. 

IMPOSE.  V.  To  lay  on  as  a  burthen  or  penalty;  to  ex- 
act; to  cheat.  F.  imposer;  L.  impositum^  sup.  of  m- 
pono:  in^  upon,  and /2ono,  to  place. 

IMPOSSIBLE,  adj.  Impracticable.  L.  m,  not,  and  pos- 
sible. 

IMPOST,  s.  A  tax.  F.  impost;  L.  impositus. — See  IM- 
POSE. 

IMPOTENT,  adj.  Powerless;  weak.  L.  impotens;  in^ 
not,  and  potens^  (part,  oi possum.,)  able. 

IMPRECATE.  V.  To  pray  for  evil.  L.  imprecor:  m, 
against,  and  precor.,  to  pray. 

IMPREGNABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  entered,  or  subdued. 
F.  imprenable.)  (formerly  impregnable;)  L.  i/2,  not,  and 
proigno^  to  fill. 

IMPREGNATE,  -u.  To  saturate;  to  make  pregnant.  L. 
7Vi,  into,  and  fircegno.,  to  fill. 

IMPRESS.  V.  To  imprint;  to  constrain.  L.  iwpressumy 
sup.  of  imprimo;  comp.  of  z'/z,  into,  and  premo,,  to 
press. 

IMPRIMATUR.  A  term  giving  permission  to  print, 
in  countries  where  the  press  is  not  free,  but  subject 
to  a  censor.  L.  imprimatur,)  "let  it  be  printed:'*  ivi' 
4irimQ   to  print. 


IMP— INC. 

IMPROMPTU.  A  witticism,  produced  without  prepa- 
ration. L.  impromptu^  in  readiness. 

IMPUDENT,  ac//.  Immodest;  intrusive,  l^.imfiudens; 
in,  without,  and  fiudor,  shame. 

IMPUGN.  V.  To  oppose.  L.  impugno;  in,  against,  and 
pug  no,  to  fight. 

IMPULSE,  s.  Communicated  force;  motive.  L.  impul- 
sus,  p.  part,  of  impello ;  in,  against,  and  pello,  to 
drive. 

IMPUNITY,  s.  Freedom  from  punishment.  F.  impuni- 
te;  L.  impunitas ;  in,  not,  and  punio,  to  punish. 

IMPUTE,  -v.  To  attribute.  L.  imputo:  comp.  of  in, 
concerning,  and/zz/^o,  to  suppose. 

INACCESSIBLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  reached.  L.  in,  not, 
and  accessible. 

INACCURATE,  adj.  Incorrect.  L.  in,  not,  and  accu- 
rate. 

INADVERTENCE,  s.  Carelessness;  inattention.  L. 
in,  not,  and  advertens,  part,  of  adverto,  to  turn  to: 
ad,  towards,  and  verto,  to  turn. 

INALIENABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  granted  or  given 
away  to  another.  L.  in,  not,  and  alienable.— See  ALI- 
ENATE. 

INANIMATE,  adj.  Without  life;  dull.  L.  inanimatus; 
from  in,  without,  and  anima,  breath,  or  soul. 

INANITY,  s.  Emptiness;  void  space.  L.  inanitas;  ijia- 
nis,  empty. 

INAUDIBLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  heard.  L.  in,  not, 
and  audible. 

INCANTATION,  s.  Charms  uttered  by  singing;  pre- 
tended enchantment.  F.  incantation;  L.  incanto,  to 
enchant;  in,  into,  and  canto,  to  repeat  often  the  same 
thing:  cano,  to  sing. 

INCARCERATE,  v.  To  imprison.  L.  incarcero;  from 
in,  into,  and  career,  a  prison. 

INCARNATE,  adj.  Embodied  with  flesh.  L.  incarna- 
tus,  p.  part,  of  iiicarno,  to  embody  with  flesh  ;  iii,  into, 
and  carne7}i,  accus.  of  caro,  flesh. 

INCARNATION,  s.  The  assumption  of  body.  F.  in- 
carnation.— See  INCARNATE". 

INCENDIARY,    s.  One  who  burns  any  thing  mali- 


INC— INC 

ciously;  a  conspirator.  L.  inceiidiarius;  inceiicio^  to  act 
on  fire. 

IN 'CENSE,  s.  Perfume  exhaled  by  fire,  in  honour  of 
a  deity;  flattery.  L.  incensiuii ;  incendo^  to  set  on 
fire. 

INCENSE',  r.  To  enrage.  L.  inceiisiuriy  sup.  of  incendoy 
to  set  on  fire. 

INCENTIVE,  s.  Provocation;  incitement.  L.  ihcenti- 
vum;  from  incendo. — See  INCENSE'. 

INCEPTIVE,  v.  Noting  a  beginning.  L.  inccfitivus; 
from  ifici/u'o,  to  begin, 

INCESSANT,  adj.  Unceasing.  L.  i?7,  not,  and  cessa7is, 
part,  of  cedo^  to  desist. 

INCEST,  s.  Unnatural  and  criminal  connexion  of  per- 
sons within  prohibited  degrees  of  consanguinity.  L. 
incestum;  in<,  not,  and  castus,  chaste,  or  pure. 

INCINERATE,  v.  To  burn  to  ashes.  L.  in,  into,  and 
cineres,  ashes. 

INCISION.  .5.  A  cut.  L.  incisio;  inciszis,  p.  part,  of  m- 
cido;  in,  into,  and  ccedo,  to  cut. 

INCITE,  -v.  To  urge  on.  L,  incito;  in,  to,  and  citum^ 
sup.  of  cieo,  to  move. 

INCLEMENT,  adj.  Unmerciful;  severe.  L.  in,  not, 
and  Clemens,  merciful. 

INCLINE,  -v.  To  bend,  or  lean;  to  be  favourable.  L.  m- 
clino;  in,  towards,  and  clino,  to  bend. 

INCLUDE.  V.  To  comprise.  L.  includo;  in,  in,  and 
claudo,  to  shut. 

INCLUSIVE,  adj.  Comprised.  F.  inclusif;  L.  inclu- 
sus,  p.  part,  of  inclicdo.- — See  INCLUDE. 

IJ^COGXITA.  Unknown;  applied  to  a  single  thing 
of  the  feminine  gender, — as,  terra  incognita,  the  un- 
known country;  the  fair  incognita,  or  unknown  fe- 
male: or  to  several  things  of  the  neuter  gender.  L. 
incognitus;  in,  not,  and  cognosce,  to  know. 

lA'COG.YITO.  A  term,  abbr.  incog.,  which  denotes  a 
concealment  of  the  proper  person  or  rank,  when  tra- 
velling, or  in  any  public  place  of  amusement. — See. 
lA^COG.YIJ'J. 

INCOHERENT,  adj.  Unconnected;  inconsistent.  L. 
in,  not,  and  coherent. 

£13] 


INC— IND 

INCOMMODE.  V.  To  inconveniencb.  L.  incominodo'; 

in.,  not,  and  commodo^  to  help. 
INCOMPATIBLE,  adj.  Inconsistent.  L.   m,  not,  and 

compatible. 
INCONTINENT,  cf//.  Variable;  inconstant;  unchaste. 

L.  nz,  not,  and  continent. 
INCORPORATE,  v.  To  unite;  to  form  into  a  corpo- 
ration. L.  m,  into,  and  corporate. 
INCORPOREAL.  G^/.  ^^ot  corporeal;  spiritual.  L.  m, 

not,  and  corporeal. 
INCORRIGIBLE,  adj.  Bad  beyond  amendment.  L.  in, 

not,  and  corrigible. 
INCREMENT,  s.  Increase;  produce.  L.  incremcntum; 

from  incresco,  to  increase. 
INCUBATION,  s.  Hatching.  L.  incubatio;  incubo,  to 

lie  or  sit  on. 
INCULCATE.  V,  To  impress  on  the  mind  by  frequent 

repetitions.  L.  inculco,  to  drive  in. 
INCUMBENT,  adj.  Lying  on;  imposed  as  a  duty.  L. 

incumbens.,  part,  oi  incumbo,  to  lean  upon. 
INCUMBENT,  s.  He  who  is  in  possession  of  a  bene- 
fice.— See  the  adjective. 
INCUMBER.  V.  To  oppress;  to  inconvenience.  F.  en- 

combrer;  L.  incumbo.,  to  lean  upon. 
INCUR.  -V.  To  become  liable  to;  to  cause.  L.  incurro; 

in,  into,  and  curro,  to  run. 
INCURSION,  s.  Inroad.  L.  incursio;  comp.  of  m,  into, 

and  cursuvi,  sup.  oi  curro,  to  run. 
INDECOROUS,  adj.  Indecent.  L.  in,  not,  and  deco- 
rous. 
INDEFATIGABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  wearied.  L.  inde- 

fatigabilis;  in,  not,  and  defatigo,  to  weary. 
INDEFEISIBLE.  adj.  Not  to  be  annulled.   F.  indefai- 

sible;  in,  signifying,  not,  and  defaire,  to  undo. 
INDEFINITE,  adj.  Unlimited;  undetermined.  L.  in, 

not,  and  definite. 
INDELIBLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  blotted  out  or  effaced, 

never  to  be  forgotten.  L.  indelibilis;  in',  not,  and  deleo. 

to  blot  out. 
INDEMNIFY,  v.  To  secure  against  loss.  L.  in,  not, 

and   an  obsolete  English  word,  damnify;   damnum. 

hurt. 


IND— INB 

INDENT.  V.  To  mark  or  cut  in  the  form  of  a  row  of 
teeth.  L.  in,  after  the  manner  of,  and  dentts,  (pi.  of 
de?is,)  teeth. 

INDENTURE,  s.  A  written  document,  of  which  there 
is  at  least  one  counterpart:  from  indent;  because,  the 
several  writings,  placed  one  upon  another,  are  in- 
dented, with  a  knife;  so  that,  when,  at  any  future 
time,  laid  together  again,  a  forgery  can  be  detected, 
if  there  appears  any  disagreement  in  the  parts  in- 
dented. 

INDEX.  *.  A  discoverer;  a  pointer;  table  of  contents. 
E.  ijidcx:  indictus,  p.  part,  of  indico.-—'Scc  INDI- 
CATE. 

INDICATE.  V.  To  show.  L.  indico:  in,  concerning,  and 
dico,  to  say. 

INDICATIVE,  adj.  Showing;  simplv  affirming,  as< 
^'  I  love."   L.  indicativus.—SQe  INDICATE. 

INDICES.  &'.  Algebraic  quantities.  L.  indices,  pi.  of 
index. — See  INDEX. 

INDIGENOUS,  adj.  Originally  produced  in  a  country  ; 
not  exotic.  L.  indiifetia,  a  native:  G.  endon,  within, 
and  gennao,  to  produce. 

INDIGENT,  adj.  Needy;  poor.  L.  indigens,  part,  of 
indigeo,  to  be  needy. 

INDISPENSABLE.'  adj.  Not  to  be  spared;  csscntially 
necessary.  L.  in,  not,  and  dispensable. — See  DIS- 
PENSE. 

INDIVIDUAL,  adj.  Separate  from  others  of  the  same 
kind;  single.  L.  individuiis:  in,  not,  and  divide,  to 
divide;  meaning,  one  that  cannot  be  subdivided. 

INDIVISIBLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  divided.  L.  in, 
not,  and  divisible. 

INDOLENT,  adj.  Careless;  lazy.  L.  in,  not,  and  do- 
lenft,  part,  of  dolco,  to  fret. 

INDUBITABLE,  adj.  Unquestionable;  certain.  L.  7/2- 
dubitabilis:  comp.  of  in,  not,  and  dubium,  a  doubt. 

INDUCE,  -v.  To  influence.  L.  induco:  in,  towards,  and 
diico,  to  lead. 

INDUCTION,  s.  A  term  in  logic,  expressing  a  mode 
of  argument  more  tedious  than  a  syllogism ;  by  which, 
from  several  particular  propositions,  we  infer  one 
general  proposition.  It  is  used  also  to  denote  the  taking 


IND— l.NF 

possession  of  an  ecclesiastical  living.  L.  inductio:  from 

/>2,  into,  and  ductus^  p.  part,  of  duco,  to  lead. 
INDUE.  x\  To  invest;  to  furnish.  L.  induo^  to  put  on, 

or  cover  over. 
INDURATE,  -v.  To  harden.  L.  iyidiivQ:  from  m,  into, 

and  dicrusy  hard. 
INEBRIATION,  s.  Intoxication.  L.  272,  into,  and  ebri- 

etas^  drunkenness. 
INERT,  adj.  Inactive;  slug-gish;  motionless.  L.  i72ers-: 

?>2,  without,  and  ars,  power,  or  art. 
INESTIMABLE,  adj.  Invaluable.  L.  i7iestimabiils;  in^ 

not,  and  c^stimo.^  to  value. 
INEVITABLE,  adj.  Unavoidable;  certain.  L.  inevita- 

bilh:  in,  not,  and  evito,  to  shun. 
INEXORABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  entreated;  inflexible. 

L.  inexorabilis:  in.,  not,  ex,  from,  and  orari,  (innn.  of 

07'or,)  to  be  entreated. 
INEXPLICABLE,  adj.  Incapable  of  being  explained. 

L.  inexpHcabilis:  in.,  not,  and  exfilico,  to  unfold. 
INFALLIBLE,  adj.  Free  from  the  possibility  of  error;, 

certain.  L.  m,  not,  and  fallible. 
INFAMOUS,  adj.  Publicly  branded  with  guilt.  L.  in- 

/amis:  in,  without,  andyhmc,  reputation. 
INFANT.  s.A  young  child;  in  law,  a  minor.  L.  in/ansy 

w^itliout  speech. 
INFANT,  adj.  In  a  state  of  commencement. — See  the 

noun. 
INFANTICIDE,  s.  The  murder  of  a  child.  L.  i77fan^ 

ticidium;  comp.  of  i7ifans,  a  child,  and   aedo,  to  kill. 
INFANTRY,  s.   Foot   soldiers.    F.    i77fantn-ie:  enfant, 

an  infant;  meaning,  that  those  soldiers  are  small,  in 

comparison  with  cavalry. 
INFATUATE.  x>.  To  deprive  of  understanding.  L.  zVz- 

fatuo:  in,  into,  ^.ndfatuus,  silly. 
INFECT.  V.  To  taint;  to  pollute.  L.  infectnm,  sup.  of 

inJiciG,  to  stain:  in,  into,  and  j'hc/o,  to  make. 
INFER.  V.   To  deduce.  L.  infer 0:  from  in,  into,   and 

fcro,  to  bring. 
INFERIOR,  adj.  Lower  in  place;  subordinate:  L.  i7i- 

ferior,   lower:   positive,  infra,  beneath;    comp.  itifc- 

rior^  lower;  sup.  infrnus^  lowest. 


INF— INF 

INFERNAL,  adj.  Relating  to  hell;  atrocious.  L.  m- 
fcryiiis^  situated  below. 

INFEST,  u.  To  harass.  L.  infesto^  to  trouble. 

INFIDEL,  s.  An  unbeliever  in  regard  to  religious 
tenets.  L.  infidelis:  in,  without,  Jides,  faith,  or  belief. 

INFINITE,  adj.  Unlimited;  very  large.  L.  injijiitus: 
in,  not,  2iii6.  Jinis,  an  end. 

INFIRM,  adj.  Tottering;  weak.  L.  m,  not,  and  firm. 

INFLAME,  -u.  To  kindle;  to  provoke.  L.  injlammo: 
in,  into,  2Cii^  flamnia,  a  liame. 

INFLATE,  -u.  To  swell  with  wind;  to  fill  with  the 
breath;  to  make  turgid.  L.  ijijiatum,  sup.  of  injio: 
from  in,  into,  and  flo,  to  blow. 

INFLECTION,  or  INFLEXION,  s.  The  act  of  bend- 
ing; variation  of  a  noun  or  verb.  L.  itijlcctio,  or  in- 
flexio:  from  injiecto:  in,  in,  or  towards,  and  y/cc/^o,  to 
bend. 

INFLEXIBLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  bent,  or  pre- 
vailed on.  L.  inJLexibilis:  in,  not,  2,\i^ji€cto,  to  bend. 

INFLICT.  V.  To  impose  as  a  punishment.  L.  injiic- 
tum,  Slip,  of  injlig'o:  in,  upon,  and  Jiigo,  to  beat. 

INFLUENCE,  s.  Power  of  effecting.  L.  injluens,  part, 
of  injliio:  comp.  of  in,  into,  and  Jiuo,  to  fiow,  or 
proceed. 

-INFLUX,  s.  Act  of  flowing  into.  L.  infiuxus,  part,  of 
injiuo:  in,  into,  and  Jiuo,  to  flow. 

INFOLIATE.  V.  To  cover  with  a  resemblance  of 
leaves.  L.  in,  upon,  folium,  a  leaf. 

/.A'  FORMA  PAUPERIS.  In  the  form  of  a  poor 
man ;  a  law  phrase,  to  denote  a  certain  privilege 
granted,  in  the  English  courts,  to  those  who  cannot 
afford  the  expense  of  a  lawsuit.  L.  in,  in,  format 
the  form,  fiauficris,  (gen.  of  fiaufier,)  a  poor  man. 

INFRACTION,  s.  Breach.  L.  infractio:  in,  into,  and 
fractus,  p.  part.  o{  frango,  to  break. 

INFRANGIBLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  broken.  L. 
in,  not,  and  frangible. 

INFRINGE.  V.  To  violate.  L.  infringo;  from  in,  into, 
and,/7'cn§'o,  to  break. 

INFURIATE,  -v.  To  enrage.  L.  in,  into,  and  furia,  a 
-  fury  or  fiend. 

113*1 


INF— INJ 

INFUSE.  V.  To  pour  into;  to  inspire.  F.  infa&er;  L.  hi' 
fusum^  sup.  of  in/undo;  from  in,  into,  and  fundo,  to 

pour. 
INGENIOUS,  adj.  Having   genius;  inventive.  L.  in- 

geniosus  ;  ingenium^  capacity,  wit:  m,  in,  and  G.  gen- 

nao,  to  beget. 
INGENUOUS,  adj.  Candid;   generous.    L.  bigenuua, 

of  good  extraction,  honest. 
INGRATIATE,  -v.  To  recommend  to  kindness.  L.  /?z, 

into,  and  gratia,  affection,  or  favour. 
INGRESS,  s.   Entrance.    L.    ingressus;   i7i,   into,    and 

grcssus,  part,  of  gi-adior,  to  step. 
INGUINAL,  adj.  Relating  to  tlie  gix)in.  L.  ingiiinis, 

gen.  of  inguen,  the  groin. 
INHABIT,  -v.  To  dwell  in.    L.  in,  in,   and   habito,  to 

dwell:  habeo,  to  possess. 
INHALE.  V.  To   draw  in   [to  the  lungs.]   L.  Inhalo; 

comp.  of  in,  into,  and  kalo,  to  breathe. 
INHERENT,  adj.    Naturally   conjoined.    L.   iiihcerens^ 

part,  of  inhxreo;  in,  in,  and  hareo,  to  stick. 
INHERIT,  -v.  To  receive  or  possess  by  inheritance.  F. 

inheriter. — See  FIEIR. 
INHIBIT.  V.  To  restrain;  to  prohibit.  L.  inhibeo;  in, 

against,  and  habeo,  to  have  or  hold;  meaning,  some 

obstruction. 
INHUMATE.  V.  To  bury.   L.  inhumo;  from  in,  into, 

and  humus,  the  ground. 
"INIMICAL,  adj.  Hostile.  L.  inimicus;  in,  not,  and  aini- 

cus,  a  friend. 
INIQUITY.    8.  Injustice;    crime.    F.   iniquite ;    L.   i7i- 

iquitas i     iniquus,    unequal:     in,    not,     and     aquus^ 

equal. 
INITIAL,  adj.  At  the  beginning.  L.  initialis;  initium^ 

a  beginning;  in,  into,  and  itio,  a  going:  itmn,  sup.  oi 

CG,  to  go. 
INITIATE.  V.  To  enter;  to  introduce.  L.  initio. — See 

INITIAL. 
INJECT.  V.  To  force  into.  L.  injectum,  sup.  of  i?7Jicio; 

in,  into,  and  ;ac?o,  to  throw. 
INJUDICIOUS,  adj.  Unwisely  judged,  or  designed.  L. 

in,  not,  and  judicious. 


iKJ__IXQ 

INJUNCTION,  s.  Command  or  rule,  associated  with 
some  business  or  duty.  L.  injunctio;  iiijiuictudj  p. 
part,  of  irijungo;  in^  with,  and  jungo,  to  join. 

INJURE.  V.  To  hurt  unjustly;  to  damage.  L.  injuria; 
in,  against,  andjurisy  gen.  o^  Jus,  right. 

INNATE,  adj.  Born  with;  inherent.  L.  innatua,  part, 
of  innascor;  in,  in,  and  nascor,  to  be  born. 

INNOCENT,  adj.  Guiltless;  innocuous.  L.  irmocens; 
from  fw,  not,  and  nocens,  part,  of  noceo,  to  hurt. 

INNOCUOUS,  adj.  Harmless  in  effect.  L.  innocuus; 
in,  not,  and  noceo,  to  hurt. 

INNOVATE.  X'.  To  introduce  something  new  or  un- 
common, (which  is  thought  inconvenient  or  danger- 
ous.) L.  innovo;  from  in,  into,  and  novus,  new. 

INNOXIOUS,  adj.  Free  from  mischievous  effects,  ov 
from  crimes.  L.  innoxiiis;  in,  not,  and  noce(r,  to  hurt. 

INNUENDO,  s.  Oblique  hint.  L.  innuendo,  by  nod- 
ding; abl.  gerund  of /;i;/iio;  i/?,  towards,  and  iiuo,  to 
nod. 

INNUMERABLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  counted ;  ex- 
tremely numerous.  L.  innumerabilis;  comp.  of  m,  not, 
and  numero,  to  reckon. 

INOCULATE.  -V.  To  insert  a  bud  or  cutting  of  one 
plant  in  another ;  to  insert  the  virus  of  the  small  pox, 
or  to  vaccinate.  L.  inocido;  in,  into,  and  oculus,  an 
eye ;  meaning  the  eye  of  the  bud. 

INODOROUS,  adj.  Without  perfume.  L.  inodorosus ^ 
in,  without,  and  odos,  smell. 

INORDINATE,  adj.  Irregular;  disorderly.  'LAnordina- 

tufi;  in,  without,  and  ordo,  a  rule. 
/./y  PROPRIA  PER^OA'A.    In  his  (or  her)  own  per- 
son; in  personal  attendance.  L.  in,  in,  iiroliria,  pro- 
per, jiersona,  person. 
INQUEST,  s.  Inquiry  authorized  by  law.  F.  cnqiieste; 
L.  in,  into,  and  quasitus,  p.  part,  of  quaro,  to  seek  or 
inquire. 
INQUIRE.  V.  To  ask  a  question;  to  search.  L.  inquiro; 

in,  into,  and  qu(zro,  to  seek. 
INQUISITION,  s.  Inquest;  prison,  established  under 
papal  authority,  for  the  examination  and  punishment 
of  heretics:  L.  inquiaitio, — See  INQUEST. 


INS— INS 

INSANE,  adj.  Of  unsound  mind.  L.  insanus;  comp.  of 
in^  not,  and  scmus.,  healthy. 

INSATIABLE,  adj.  Greedy,  so  as  not  to  be  satisfied. 
L.  insatiabilis:  in.^  not,  and  satio,  to  satisfy. 

INSATIATE,  adj.  Insatiable.  L.  insatiatus. — See  IN- 
SATIABLE. 

INSCRIBE.  V.  To  write  in,  or  on;  or  to  dedicate.  L. 
inscribo:  from  m,  in,  on,  or  to,  and  scribo,  to  write. 

INSCRIPTION,  s.  Something  inscribed.  L.  inscriptio: 
iriHcrijitus..  p.  part,  of  m.scrii^o. — See  INSCRIBE. 

INSCRUTABLE,  adj.  Unsearchable;  undiscoverable. 
L.  vtscrutabilis:  in^  not,  and  scriito^  to  explore. 

INSECT,  s.  A  small  animal,  having  a  separation  in  the 
middle  of  its  body,  joined  by  a  ligature;  as  in  a  com- 
mon fly.  L.  insectus^  notched. 

INSERT,  -v.  To  place  in,  or  into,  or  amongst.  L.  iii- 
sertiim^  sup.  of  insero:   in^  in,  and  sero.,  to  plant. 

INSIDIOUS,  adj.  Sly;  treacherous.  L.  iiisidiosus:  from 
insidia^  a  trap. 

INSIGNIFICANT,  adj.  V\7ithout  a  meaning;  unim- 
portant; contemptible.  L.  m,  not,  and  significant. 

INSINUATE.  V.  To  introduce  gently;  to  hint.  L.  in- 
sinuo:  from  //z,  into,  and  sinus,  the  bosom. 

INSIPID,  adj.  Not  affecting  the  palate;  uninteresting. 
L.  insipidus:  in,  without,  and  sapor,  savour. 

INSIST.  V.  Not  to  recede  from  terms  or  assertions;  to 
persist  in.  L.  itisisto;  in,  in,  and  sisto,  to  continue. 

INSOLENT,  adj.  Contemptuous;  haughty.  L.  inso- 
leris:  in,  not,  and  salens,  part,  of  soleo,  to  be  accus- 
tomed ;  (the  derivation  of  this  word  cannot  easily  be 
explained.) 

INSOLUBLE,  adj.  Not  soluble;  not  possible  to  be 
made  fluid.  L.  in,  not,  and  soluble. 

INSOLVABLE.  adj.  Not  solvable;  inextricable.  L.  in, 
not,  and  solvable. 

INSOLVENT,  adj.  Unable  to  pay.  L.  in,  not,  and  sol- 
vent. 

INSPECT.  V.  To  examine.  L.  inspecto:  in,  into,  and 
specto,  to  eye  carefully:  spectum,  sup.  of  specio,  to 
see. 

INSPERSION.  s.  A  sprinkling  upon.    L.  inspersio: 


INS— INT 

.'iujiersiis,  p.  part.  o{  mspergo:  in,  upon,  and  apargo^^ 
to  strew,  or  sprinkle. 

INSPIRE.  V.  To  breathe  into;  to  animate.  L.  insfiiro: 
in,  into,  and  s/iiro,  to  breathe. 

INSPISSATE.  V.  To  thicken.  L.  272,  into,  and  nfiissus, 
clammy. 

INSTALL.  V.  To  perform  a  particular  ceremony  of 
admitting-  to  an  oftke  or  dignity.  F.  in&-taUe?\'  en, 
into,  and  sialic,  a  seat  for  dignified  clergymen:  stalle, 
is  from  a  Saxon  word,  denoting  an  enclosed  place  or 
bench. 

INvSTANT.  s.  A  point  of  time;  adj.  noting  the  present 
month.  F.  instant-,  L.  instans,  part,  of  insto:  in,  in,  and 
sto,  to  stand. 

IA'-STAjXTER.  6.  Instantly.  L.— See  INSTANT. 

LY  STATU  QUO.  In  the  former  state;  without  any 
change.  L.  in,  in,  statu,  abl.  of  status,  the  state,  quo, 
abl.  of  qui,  in  which  [it  was.] 

INSTIGATE.  V.  To  urge  or  incite  [to  a  crime.]  L, 
i7istigo,  to  urge  forward. 

INSTINCT,  adj.  The  desire  or  aversion  which  causes 
action  without  the  use  of  reason.  L.  instinctus,  an  in- 
ward motion. 

INSTITUTE,  t;.  To  establish,  appoint,  or  enact.  L.  in- 
stituo;  from  in,  in,  and  statuo,  to  erect. 

INSTRUCT.  V.  To  teach;  to  direct;  to  inform;  L.  in- 
structum,  sup.  of  instruo:  in,  in,  and  struo,  to  pile  up, 
or  build. 

INSTRUMENT,  s.  A  tool ;  a  machine;  a  written  do- 
cument. L.  instrumentum:  instruo,  to  prepare,  and 
mens,  an  intention. 

INSULAR,  adj.  Relating  to  an  island.  L.  insularis:  in- 
sula, an  island. 

INSULATE,  -v.  To  make  like  an  island;  to  remove  all 
connexion.-— See  INSULAR. 

INSUPERABLE,  adj.  Invincible;  insurmountable.  L. 
insufierabilis:  in,  not,  and  sufiero,  to  climb  over:  su- 
per, above,  and  eo,  to  go. 

INTEGER.  «.  A  whole;  a  whole  number.  L.  integer^ 
entire. 

INTEGRAL,  adj.  Whole;  complete.  F.  jVz^e^ra/.— -See 
INTEGER. 


INT— INT 

INTEGRITY,  s.  State  of  being  undivided;  honesty.  L. 

■integ-ritas. — See  INTEGER. 
INTELLECT,  s.  The  understanding.    L.   intellectiis: 

intelUgo^  to  understand. 
INTELLIGIBLE,  adj.   Possible  to  be  understood.  L. 

intelligibilis:   intelligo^  to  understand. 
INTEND.  V.  To  purpose;  to  design.  L.  intendo;  comp. 

of  z>2,  towards,  and  tendo,  to  stretch. 
INTENDANT.  s.  In  France,  means  a  superintending 

officer.  F.  intendant. — See  INTEND. 
INTENSE,  adj.  Denoting  an  extreme   degree.  L.  in- 

ie72sus,   p.  part,  of  iiitendo :    iuy  into,  and  tcjido,  to 

stretch. 
INTENT,  adj.  Anxiously  attentive,  or  diligent.  L.  iu- 

tentusy  p.  part,  of  mtendo. — See  INTENSE. 
INTENTION,  s.  Purpose,  or  desie;n.  L.  ijitentio. — See 

INTEND. 
INTER.  V.  To  bury.  F.  enterrer:  L.  z«,  into,  and  terra^ 

the  earth. 
INTERCALAR,    or   INTERCALARY,     adj.    Addi- 
tional, to  preserve  the  equation  of  time;  as,  the  29th 

of  February,  in  a  leap  year.  L.  intercalarius;  from  ?7i- 

tercaloy  to  insert. 
INTERCEDE,  -v.  To  mediate.  L.  interccdo,  to  come 

between. 
INTERCEPT.  XK  To  stop  on  the  way.    L.  intercefi- 

tiimy  sup.  of  intercipio:  inter.)  between,  and  cafiio^  to 

take. 
INTERCESSION,  s.  Mediation.  L.  intercessio:  inter- 

cessuiriy  sup.  of  intercedo. — See  INTERCEDE. 
INTERCIPIENT.   adj.  Intercepting.    L.  intercijiiens, 

part,  of  i?2terci/2io.^See  INTERCEPT. 
INTERCOSTAL,  adj.   Between  the  ribs.  F.  intercos- 
tal. L.  inter,  between,  and  costa,  a  rib. 
INTERCOURSE,  s.  Communication.    F.  entrecours: 

L.  inter,  between,  and  curro,  to  run. 
INTERDICT,    -o.  To   forbid.  L.    interdictinn,   sup.  of 

interdico:  inter,  between,  and  dico,  to  say,  or  object. 
INTERFERE,  v.  To  interpose.  L.  i7itcr,  between,  and 

fcrio,  to  push, 
INTERIM,  s.  Intervening  time.  L.  interim^  in  the  mean 

time:  from  inter^  between. 


INT— INT 

INTERIOR,  adj.  Internal.  L.  comparative  of  intra,., 
within  :  pos.  intra;  comp.  interior;  sup.  intimus. 

INTERJACENT,  adj.  Lying  between.  L.  interjacens. 
part,  of  interjaceo:  intcr^  between,  and  jaceo^  to  lie. 

INTERJECTION,  s.  Interposition;  a  word  used,  with- 
out premeditation,  to  denote  some  passion  or  emotion 
of  the  mind.  L.  interjectio:  iriterjectus.,  p.  part,  of  m- 
terjicio:  comp.  of  inter.,  between,  and  ^ac/o,  to  throw. 

INTERLAPSE.  v.  To  intervene  (in  regard  to  time.) 
L.  inter.,  between,  and  lapse. 

INTERLINE,  -o.  To  write  between  lines.  L.  inter.,  be- 
tween, and  line. 

INTERLOCUTORY.  cfl[/.  Consisting  of  dialogue ;  pre- 
paratory to  decision.  F.  interlocutoire:  L.  iiiter,  be- 
tween, and  lociitus,  part,  of  loguor,  to  speak. 

INTERLUDE.  *.  An  intervening  entertainment.  L, 
inter^  between,  and  Indus.,  an  entertainment. 

INTERMEDIATE,  adj.  Intervening;  interposed.  F. 
intermediat:  L.  inter.,  between,  and  medius,  the  mid- 
dle. 

INTERMINABLE,  adj.  Never  ending;  immense.  L. 
in,  not,  and  terminable. 

INTERMISSION,  s.  Pause.  L.  i7iter?nissio:  intermis- 
sus,  p.  part,  of  intermitto. — See  INTERMIT. 

INTERMIT.  V.  To  stop,  but  not  finally.  L.  intermitto: 
comp.  of  inter,  between,  and  ?nitto,  to  send. 

INTERNAL,  adj.  Interior.  L.  internus:  intra,  within. 

INTERPOLATE,  v.  To  insert,  with  an  evil  design. 
L.  interp-olo :  inter,  between,  and  polio,  to  make 
smooth;  meaning,  to  remove,  by  forgery,  something 
which  opposes  our  own  designs. 

INTERPOSE,  -v.  To  place  between;  to  interfere;  to 
mediate.  L.  interfiositum,  sup.  of  interfiono  :  inter, 
between,  and /io?2o,  to  place. 

INTERPRET,  v.  To  explain;  to  translate.  L.  inter- 
firetor:  interfires,  an  interpreter:  inter,  between. 

INTERREGNUM,  s.  The  term  in  which  a  throne  is 
vacant.  L.  interregnum:  comp.  oi  inter,  between,  and 
regnum,  a  reign. 
INTERROGATE,  v.  To  question.  L.  interrogo:  inter, 
between,  and  rogo^  to  ask. 


TNT-— INT 

IJS/'  TERROREM.  As  a  threat,  or  warning.  L.  in. 
for  the  purpose  of,  and  terrorem^  ace  us.  of  terror^ 
fear. 

INTERRUPT.  V.  To  hinder  by  interposition;  to  sepa- 
rate. L.  inter rufitum^  sup.  of  interrumfio:  inter^  be- 
tween, and  rumjio^  to  break. 

INTERSECT,  -v.  To  cut,  or  pass  between.  L.  inter- 
sectum,  sup.  of  inter seco:  comp.  of  inter,  between,  and 
'seco^  to  cut. 

INTERSPERSE,  v.  To  scatter  amongst.  L.  inter, 
amongst,  and  s^iaraum,  sup.  of  spargo,  to  sprinkle. 

INTERSTICE,  s.  Intervenmg  space,  between  matter. 
F.  interstice:  L.  interstitiumi  from  i7iter,  between,  and 
status,  part,  of  sto,  to  stand. 

INTERVAL,  adj.  Intervening  space,  as  regards  either 
matter  or  time.  L.  intervaUum:  inter,  between,  and 
imlhivi,  a  fence. 

INTERVENE,  v.  To  interpose;  to  elapse.  L.  interve- 
nio:  from  inter,  between,  and  -venio,  to  come. 

INTERVENTION,  s.  Interposition;  lapse  of  time.  L. 
interventio:  inter,  between,  and  nentum,  sup.  of  -ve- 
nio, to  come. 

INTESTATE,  adj.  Without  having  made  a  will.  L. 
intestatus;  in,  without,  and  testatus,  part,  of  testor^. 
to  witness. 

INTESTINE,  adj.  Internal.  L.  intestinus ;  intus^ 
within. 

INTIMATE,  adj.  Familiar;  near.  L.  intimus,  inner- 
most.—See  INTERIOR. 

INTIMATE.  V.  To  hint;  to  mention  indirectly.  Low 
L.  intimo;  intimus,  very  deep,  or  secret. 

INTIMIDATE,  v.  To  make  fearful.  L.  in,  into,  and 
timidus,  fearful:  timor,  fear. 

INTIRE.  cc/;-.— See  ENTIRE. 

INTOLERABLE,  adj.  Insufferable.  L.  in,  not,  and 
tolerable. 

INTONATION,  s.  Act  of  thundering;  an  inward  tone, 
peculiar  to  the  speech  of  some  nations.  L.  intono,  to 
thunder. 

IJ^  TOTO.  Entirely;  wholly.  L.  in/m,  and  totOf  abi. 
of  totus,  whole,  or  wholly. 


INT— INV 

INTRANSITIVE,   adj.   A   verb   intransitive   signifies 

an  action,  but  conveys  no  effect  to  any  object;  as,  <'I 

walk."  L.  in.,  not,  and  transitive. 
I.Y  TRJjYSJTU.   On  the  passage;  wliilst  passing  from 

one  place  to  another.  L.  m,  in,  and  transitu^  abl.  of 

transitus.,  a  passage. 
INTREPID,  adj.  Fearless;  daring.  L.  ifi^re/iidus:  from 

27Z,  not,  and  tre^iidus^  fearful. 
INTRICATE,  adj.  Perplexed;  obscure.  L.  intricatus: 

in.,  in,  and  tricatiis,  part,  of  tricor^  to  battle. 
INTRINSIC,    adj.  Inherent;   independent  of  external 

relation.  L.  i7itrinsecus:  intra.,  within,  and  ^e,  itself. 
INTRODUCE.  V.  To  conduct  or  usher  into  a  place, 

or  to  a  person;  to  bring  into  notice  or  practice.  L, 

introduco:   intro,  within,  and  diico.,  to  lead. 
INTRUDE,  u.  To  enter  without  permission  or  invita- 
tion; to  interpose  with  rudeness.  L.  intrudo:  comp.  of 

2«,  into,  and  trudo.,  to  thrust. 
INTRUSION,  s.   The   act  of  intruding.    L.   intrusio: 

intrusum.,  sup.  of  intrudo. — See  INTRUDE. 
INTUITIVE,  adj.  Seen  by  the  mind  without  the  agency 

of  testimony  or  argument.  Low  L.  intuitivus:  intusy 

within. 
INUNDATE.  V.  To  overflow.  L.  inundo;  in.,  into,  and 

unda.,  a  wave. 
INURE.  V.   To   accustom;    to  harden.    L.   inuro ;  to 

brand,  or  print  into :  from  ?«,  into,  and  wro,  to  burn. 
INVADE.  V.  To   enter  hostilely;   to  encroach  on.  L, 

invado:  in,  into,  and  vado,  to  march. 
INVALTD.  adj.  Weak;  of  no  force.  L.  invalidus:  in^ 

not,  and  valeo,  to  avail. 
INVALID',  s.  One  disabled  by  sickness  or  a  wound, — 

See  the  adjective. 
INVALIDATE,  v.  To  weaken,  with  regard  to  evidence; 

to  annul.— See  INVALID. 
INVASION,  s.  The  act  of  invading.  L.  iiivasio:  inva- 

.sum,  sup.  of  mx'Of/o.— See  INVADE. 
INVECTIVE,  adj.  Censure;  reproach.    F.  invective: 

L.  invectio;  invectus^   p.   part,  of  inveho. — See  IN- 
VEIGH. 
INVEIGH.  V.  To  utter  an  invective.  L,  inveho;  from 

«'«,  against,  and  veho^  to  carry. 
[14] 


INV— -INV 

INVENT.  V.  To  produce  something  new  and  ingeni- 
ous; to  fabricate.  L.  inventu?n,  sup.  of  invenio,  to 
find:  in^  upon,  and  venio^  to  come. 

INVENTORY,  s.  A  catalogue.  F.  inve^itoire:  L.  in- 
"ventariinn;  in-ventum^  sup.  oi  invenio,  to  find:  in,  to, 
and  venio,  to  come;  because,  an  inventory  directs  you 
to  the  articles  mentioned. 

INVERSE,  adj.  Inverted.  L.  inversus,  p.  part,  of  iri- 
ver^o.—See  INVERT. 

INVERT.  V.  To  reverse ;  to  place  upside-down.  L.  iii- 
verto:  comp.  of  in,  opposite  to,  and  verto,  to  turn. 

INVEST.  V.  To  dress ;  to  install ;  to  adorn ;  to  enclose,  or 
surround.  L.  investio;  in,  into,  and  vestis,  a  garment. 

INVESTIGATE,  v.  To  examine.  L.  investigo;  in, 
into,  and  vestigo,  to  trace. 

INVETERATE,  adj.  Obstinate  from  long  continu- 
ance. L.  i7iveterat2is;  in,  in,  and  veteris,  gen.  of  ve- 
tus,  old. 

INVIDIOUS,  adj.  Envious;  malignant;  producing  envy 
or  malignancy.  E.  invidiosus;  i^ividia,  envy :  in,  into, 
and  video,  to  see  or  look. 

INVIGORATE,  v.  To  strengthen,  or  enliven.  L.  in, 
into,  and  vigour. 

INVINCIBLE,  adj.  Unconquerable;  insuperable.  F. 
invincible;  L.  in,  not,  and  vinco,  to  conquer. 

INVIOLATE,  or  INVIOLATED.  adj.  Uninjured; 
unbroken.  L.  inviolatus;  from  in,  not,  and  violatiis, 
-  (p.  part,  of  violo,)  hurt. 

INVISIBLE,  adj.  Imperceptible  by  the  sight.  L.  in, 
not,  and  visible. 

INVITE.  V.  To  allure;  to  ask;  to  intreat.  L.  invito;  in, 
to,  and  via.  a  way. 

INVOCATION,  s.  Supplication;  invitation.  L.  invo- 
catio.—See  INVOKE. 

INVOKE.  V,  To  supplicate;  to  invite.  L.  invoco;  comp. 
of  m,  to,  and  voco,  to  call. 

INVOLUNTARY,  adj.  Not  desired;  not  intended.  L. 
in,  not,  and  voluntary. 

INVOLUTION,  s.  Inwrapment;  entanglement.  L.  in- 
-volutio ;  involutus,  p.  part,  of  involvo. — See  IN- 
VOLVE. 


INV— .1ST 

INVOLVE.  X'.  Toinwrap;  to   comprise;  to  entangle. 

L.  involvo;  in,  in,  and  volvo,  to  roll. 
IPSE  DIXIT.   The  ijise  dixit  of  any  person,  denotes — 

his  mere,  unsupported  assertion.  L.  iJise,  he,  dixit; 

said:  dico,  to  say. 
IRASCIBLE,  adj.  Easily  enraged.  L.  irascibilis. — See 

IRE. 
IRE.  s.  Wrath;  anger.  L.  ira;  from  the  G.  c/?*,  a  tem- 
pest. 
IRIS.  s.  The  rainbow;  resemblance  of  a  rainbow;  the 

circle  around    the    pupil    of  the   eye ;    the  fleur-de- 

luce.  L.  iris,  the  rainbow.  G.  iris;  eiro,  to  announce, 
IRONICAL,  adj.  Expressing  irony.— -See  IRONY. 
IRONY.  .5.  A  mode  of  speech,  in' which  the  meaning  is 

contrary  to  the  words.  L.  ironia:  G.  eironeia:  eiro,  to 

interrogate. 
IRRADIATE,  -u.  To  illumine;   to   brighten.  L.   irra- 

dio:  in,  into,  and  radijis,  a  ray  of  light. 
IRREFRAGABLE,  adj.  Not  possible  to  be  confuted. 

L.  irrefrag-abilis;  in,  not,  and  refractus,  p.  part,  of 

refringo,  to   break  open:  re,  again,  and  franco,  to 

break. 
IRREFUTABLE,  adj.  Not  to  be  overthrown  by  argu- 
ment. L.  in,  not,  and  refutable. — See  REFUTE. 
IRRELATIVE,    adj.  Without  relation;  unconnected. 

L.  in,  not,  and  relative. 
IRRELEVANT,  adj.  Unassisting;  not  aptly  adduced 

L.  /?2,  not,  and  relevant. 
IRRESISTIBLE,  adj.  Superior  to  opposition.    L.  in^ 

not,  and  resistible. 
IRRIGATE.  V.  To  overflow  with  water,  as  a  means  of 

fertilizing.  L.  irrigo,  to  water. 
IRRIGUduS.  adj.  Moist.— See  IRRIGATE. 
IRRITATE.  T'.  To  provoke.  L.  irrz7o.— See  IRE. 
IRRUPTION,  s.  Inroad.  L.  irruptio:  irrufitus,  p.  part. 

of  irrnmpo:  from  in,  into,  and  rumfio,  to  break. 
ISOLATED,  adj.  Detached.  F.  isole:  L.  solus,  alone. 
ISOSCELES,    adj.   Relating   to    an    angle  which   has 

only  two  sides  equal.  L.  isosceles:  G.  isos^  equal,  and 

skelos,  a  leg. 
ISTHMUS,  s.  A  neck  of  land  which  joins  a  peninsulc^ 


ITE— JOK 

to  a  continent.  L.  isthmus:  G.  isthmos:  istemi^  to  ap- 
pend. 

ITEM.  adv.  Also;  s.  an  individual  thing.  L.  item,  also. 

ITERATE,  'o.  To  repeat.  L.  itero:  ito,  to  go  often. 

ITINERANT,  adj.  Wandering.  F.  itinerant:  L.  itin- 
eris,  gen.  of  iter^  a  journey:  from  itum,  sup.  of  e'o, 

.   to  go. 

ITINERARY,  cr/;.  Relating  to  a  journev.  L.  itinei-a- 
Wii^.— See  ITINERANT. 


J. 

JACOBIN.  5.  A  member  of  a  noted  faction  in  Paris^ 
to  whose  designs  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  is  at- 
tributed; so  called,  from  their  meeting  at  a  monastery 
which  had  belonged  to  Jacohhie  friars. 

JACOBITE,  s.  A  partisan  of  James  II.  of  England, 
after  his  dethronement ;  and  also  of  his  descendants. 
L.  Jacobus^  James. 

JANUARY,  s.  The  first  month.  L.  Januarlus:  from 
Janus.,  a  heathen  god;  to  whom,  it  v.as  consecrated  by 
the  Romans. 

JAUNDICE.  8.  A  distemper  which  changes  the  skin 
and  eyes  to  a  yellow  colour.  F.  jaunisse:  jaiiri^  yel- 
low. 

JEJUNE,  adj.  Deficient  in  matter;  unaffecting.  L.  je- 
jiinus,  bare,  hungry. 

JELLY,  s.  A  glutinous  substance.  F.  gelce;  geler,  to 
freeze:  L.  ^f/i/,  frost. 

JET.  s.  A  small  rapid  issue  of  any  fluid.  F.  jet,  from 
jetter.)  to  throw. 

JET  D'EAU.  s.  An  artificial  water-spout.  F.  jet.,  a 
spout,  f/e,  of,  eau.)  water. 

JEU  D'E^PRI2\  A  witticism.  F.  jeii.,  play,  de,  of, 
€8 fir  it.,  humour. 

JOCOSE,  adj.  Facetious;  merry.  L.  jocosus;  joctcs,  a 
jest. 

JOCULAR,  adj.  Facetious,  h.  jocularis;  jocJis,  a  jest. 

JOCUND.  5.  Merry;  gay.  L,.  jocicndusj  jocics,  a  jest. 

JOKE.  5.  A  jest.  L.  y&c2^*,  a  jest. 


JOL— JUR 

JOLLY,  arf/. Cheerful;  agreeable.  V.  joli;  lu.jovialis. 

—See  JOVL\L. 
JOT.  5.  An  iota;  the   least   quantity  imaginable.    lota^ 

(/)  the  smallest  letter  in  the  Greek  alphabet. 
JOURNAL,  s.  A  diary;  a  compendium  from  a  mer- 
chant's day-book.  Y,  journal;  jour^  a  day. 
JOURNEY.'  s.  Passage  by  land.  F.  journee,   a  day's 

^vork,  or  day's  travel:  jou7'y  a  day. 
JOVIAL,  adj.  Merry.  L.  j ov talis ;{vom  Jovisy  gen.  of 

Jujiiter. — See  the  heathen  mythology. 
JUBILEE.  .9.  A  time  of  public  hilarity  and  rejoicing. 

F.  jiibile;  L.  jubilum;  from  jubeoy  to  appoint;  jubi- 
lees having  been  ordered  by  the  Roman  govepiment. 
JUDICATURE,  s.  Power  of  distributing  justice;  court 

of  justice.  Y.  judicature See  JUDICIAL. 

JUDICIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  courts  of  law.  L.  judici* 

alis;  judexy  a  judge. 
JUDICIARY,  adj.  Relating  to  judicature.  L.  judicia- 

r/«*.-~See  JUDICIAL. 
JUDICIOUS,  adj.  Wisely  judged;   prudent.    F.  judi- 

cieux;  L,.  judicisy  gen.  o^judex,  a  judge. 
JUGULAR,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  throat,  h.  jug-ulum, 

the  throat. 
JUNCTION,    s.  Joining;  union.   L.  junctio;  junctus, 

p.  part,  ofjungo,  to  join. 
JUNCTURE,  s.  The  critical  point  of  time  in  which 

two   events  seem  to  meet.   L.  ju7ictura}  juncturus, 

future  part,  oi  jungo,  to  join. 
JUNE.  s.  The  sixth  month.  L.  Junius;  from  Juno^  the 

imaginary  wife  of  the  heathen  deity,  Jupiter. 
JUNIOR,  adj.  The  younger.  L.  junior, younger ;  compar. 

Q^ juveiiisy  young. 
JURE  DIFI.YO.     By  divine  lav/.  L.  abl.  of  jus,  and 

divinus. 
JURE  HUMANO.    By  human  law.  L.  abl.  oijus,  and 

humunus. 
JURIDICAL,  adj.  Acting,  or  used,  in  the  distribution  of 

justice,  lu.  juridicalis;  juridicuS)  2i  judge:  juris,  gen, 

of  jusy  right. 
JURISDICTION,  s.  Legal  authority;  extent  of  power. 

'L.  jurisdictio;  irom  juris,  gen.  oijus,  law,  and  dictio^ 

a  declaration. 


JUR— LAC 

JURY»  s.  An  assembly  of  persons   sworn  to  discover 

and  declare  the  truth.  Y.jiiri;  l^.jui'o,  to  swear. 
JUSTICE,  s.  Equity;  punishment,  (opposed  to  mercy;) 

a  judge.  Y.  justice;  L.yws,  right. 
JUSTIFY.  V.  To  clear  from  imputed  guilt;  to  defend. 

Y.  justifier;  Y,.  Justus,  right,  and /ac/o,  to  make. 
JUVENILE,    adj.    Youthful.     L.  juvenilis  j  juvenis^ 

young. 
JUXTAPOSITION.  5.  Proximity.  L.  juxta,  near  to^ 


and  position. 


K. 


KALEIDOSCOPE,  s.  An  optical  instrument  invented 
by  Brewster  of  Edinburgh,  which  gives  to  substan-- 
ces  placed  within  it  an  almost  unlimited  variety  of 
beautiful  appearances.  G.  kalosy  beautiful,  idea^  fornij- 
and  skofieoy  to  view. 


L. 

LABIAL,  adj.   Uttered  by  the  lips.  L.  labialis;  from- 

labium,  a  lip. 
LABORATORY,  s,  A  chemist's  work-room.  F.  labo- 

ratoire:  L.  /c^oro,  to  labour. 
LABORIOUS,    adj.   Fatiguing;   diligent.     L.  laborio- 

sus;  from  labor,  labour. 
LABOUR,  s.  Painful  exertion  of  strength;  work;  tra- 

vaiL  F.  labeur;  L.  labor,  labour. 
LACERATE,  -v.  To  tear.  L.  lacero,  to  tear. 
LACHRYMAL,  adj.  Generating  tears.    L.  lachrijmay 

a  tear. 
LACHR'VMATORY.  s.  A  vessel  in  which  tears  were 

gathered  in  honour  of  the  dead.  L.  lachryma,  a  tear. 
LACONIC,    adj.   In  few  words;    brief.    L.  laconicus;. 

from  Laconia,  the  country  of  the  Spartans;  who  deli- 
vered their  sentiments  in  few  words. 
LACTARY,  adj.  Milky;  having  milk,   L.   lactariusi 

laC)  milk» 


LAC—LAT 

LACTATES,  s.  Salts  formed  from  the  lactic  acid.  L, 

/ac,  milk. 
LACTEAL,  adj.  Milky;  conveying  chyle  of  the  colour 

of  milk.  s.  L.  /ac,  milk. 
LACTEOUS.  adj.  Milky.  L.  lacteus:  /cc,  milk. 
LACTESCENT,  adj.  Producing  milk,  or  a  white  juice 

resembling  milk.  L.  lactescens,  part,  of  lactesco;  lac, 

milk. 
LAITY,  s.  The  people,  as  distinguished  from  the  cler- 
gy.— See  LAY. 
LAMBENT,  adj.  Gliding  over  gently.  L.  /«/«6£'7Z5,  part. 

of  lambo,  to  lick. 
LAMBDOIDAL.  adj.  Having  the  form  of  the  Greek 

letter  a,  lambda. 
LAMINAE,,  s.  Thin  plates  or  layers.  L.  lamincc^  plurat 

of  lamina.,  a  thin  plate  of  metal. 
LANGUAGE,  s.  Human  speech;  national  tongue j  ex- 
pression. F.  langage;  L.  lingua.^  a  tongue. 
LANGUID,    adj.   Faint;   feeble.    L.   languidus;  from 

langueo,  to  languish. 
LANIGEROUS.  adj.  Bearing  wool.  L.  laniger;  from 

lana^  wool,  and  gero,  to  bear. 
LANUGINOUS.  adj.  Downy;  covered  with  soft  hair. 

L.  lanugiriosus;  from  laiiugo^  d.o\fV\. 
LAPIDARY.  5.  One  who  deals  in   gems,  or  finishes^ 

them.  F.  lafiidaire;  L.  la/iis.^  a  stone. 
LAPIDEOUS.  adj.  Stony;  of  the  nature  of  stone.  L.. 

lafiideus;  la/iidis^  gen.  oi  lapis,  a  stone. 
LAPIDESCENT.  adj.   Growing  or  turning  to  stone, 

L.  lafiidescens,  part,  of  lafiidesco:  lapis,  a  stone. 
LAPSE,  s.  Flow;    period  passed;   small  error.  L.  lap- 
sus, part.  q{  labor,  to  glide,  or  slip. 
LARCENY,  s.  Petty  theft.  F.  larcin,  theft;  L.  latroci- 

nium,  a  trap. 
LARYNX,  s.  The  windpipe  or  trachea.  G.  larunx,  the 
'      throat. 
LASCIVIOUS,  adj.  Lewd.  L.  lascivus;  laxiis,  loose, 

—See  LAX. 
LASSITUDE,  s.  Weariness.  L.  lassitudo,  from  laxus-, 

loose,  unstrung. 
LATENT,  adj.  Concealed.  L.  latens,  part,  of  lateo,  io 

lurk> 


LAt— LEG 

LATERAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  side;  or  to  a  motion 
from  side  to  side.  L.  lateralis;  from  latus^  a  side. 

LATINISM.  6'.  A  mode  of  speecii  peculiar  to  the  Xa- 
tin  language. 

LATITAT,  s.  A  writ,  issuing  from  the  King's  Bench, 
in  England ;  which  supposes  the  defendant  to  be  con- 
cealed. L.  latitat^  (from  latito^  he  lurks. 

LATITUDE,  s.  Breadth;  extensive  range;  distance 
from  the  equator.  L.  latitudo;  from  latus^  broad:  la- 
tus^  (p.  part,  of  y^TO,)  borne,  or  carried;  that  is,  ex- 
tended. 

LATITUDINARIAN.  s.  One  who  thinks  or  acts 
without  restraining  himself.  L.  latitudo. — See  LATI- 
TUDE. 

LAUD.  s.  To  praise;  to  extol.  L.  laiido^  to  praise. 

LAUDABLE,  adj.  Praiseworthy.  L.  laudabilis;  from 
laiido^  to  praise. 

LAUNDRY,  s.  A  house,  or  room,  in  which  clothes  are 
washed.  F.  la~oanderie;  L.  /ax'o,  to  wash. 

LAUREAT,  or  LAUREATE,  adj.  Decked  with  a 
laurel,  or  supposed  to  be  so  honoured.  L.  laureatus; 
laurea^  a  laurel-tree,  or  garland  of  laurels. 

LAVATORY,  s.  A  medicinal  wash.—See  LAVE. 

LAVE.  i<.  To  wash,  to  bathe.  L.  lavo,  to  wash. 

LAVISH,  adj.  Prodigal.  L.  lavo,  to  throw  or  shake  off. 

LAX.  adj.  Loose;  slack;  vague,  s.  a  looseness,  or  diar- 
rh(£a.  L.  laxus^  loose. 

LAXITY,  s.  Looseness;  slackness;  want  of  precision, 
L.  lax  it  as. — See  LAX. 

LAY.  adj.  Regarding  the  laity.  G.  laos^  the  people. 

Lx\YMAN.    s.  One  who  is  not   a  clergyman. See 

LAY. 

LEAGUE*  s.  A  confederacy;  a  combination,  either  of 
interest  or  friendship.  F.  ligue;  L.  ligo,  to  bind. 

LEAVEN,  s.  That  which  raises  bread,  and  is  usually 
called  yeast  or  barm;  something  which  makes  a  gen- 
eral change  in  the  mass;  in  general,  denoting  cor- 
ruption. F.  levain;  L.  levo.,  to  raise. 

LECTURE,  s.  An  instructive  discourse.  F.  lecture^ 
L.  lego^  (Icgere^)  to  select,  or  to  read.  A  lecture  as 
distinguished  from  a  sermon^  seems  to  denote  selec- 
fioTii  being  explanatory  of  several  passages  of  Scrip- 


LEG— LEN 

tare,  and  not  referring  to  a  particular  text.     In  gene- 
ral, the  term  alludes  to  reading. 
LEGACY,  s.  Something  assigned  by  a  last  will.  L.  le- 
gatum;  from  lego^  (legare^J  to  bequeath. 

LEGAL,  adj.  Lawful.  L.  legalis;  from  legis<^  gen.  of 
lejc,  a  law. 

LEGATE,  s.  An  ambassador;  a  papal  ambassador  or 
commissioner.  L.  legatus;  from  lego.,  to  intrust. 

LEGATEE.  *.  One  to  whom  a  legacy  has  been  willed. 
L.  legatum.,  a  legacy. — See  LEGACY. 

LEGEND,  s.  A  chronicle  of  the  lives  of  saints;  any 
memorial  or  relation;  any  inscription,  particularly  on 
coins  and  medals.  L.  legenda^  [things]  to  be  read: 
from  lego,  (legere.) 

LEGER.  5.  A  compendium  of  mercantile  accounts,  con- 
tracted and  arranged  from  the  journal.  L.  lego,  to  ga- 
ther. 

LEGERDEMAIN,  s.  Slight  of  hand.  F.  Icgerete,  nim- 
bleness,  de,  of,  main,  the  hand. 

LEGIBLE,  adj.  Such  as  can  be  read.  L.  legibilis;  fronj 
lego,  to  read. 

LEGION,  s.  A  Roman  battalion,  consisting  of  about 
live  thousand  men.  L.  legio;  from  lego,  to  collect. 

LEGISLATOR,  s.  One  who  makes   laws.  L.  legisla- 
tor; leges,  laws,  and  latum,  sup.  of  Jero,  to  carry,  or 
-propose. 

LEGITIMATE,  adj.  Regular;  proper;  born  in  wed- 
lock. L.  legiti?nus,  lawful;  from  Icgis,  gen.  of  lex,  a 
law. 

LEGUMINOUS,  adj.  Of  the  pulse  kind,  as  beans  and 
peas;  such  as  are  not  reaped,  but  gathered  by  the 
hand.  L.  legumen,  pulse;  from  lego,  to  gather. 

LENIENT,  adj.  Assuaging;  mild;  merciful.  L.  leni- 
ens,  part,  of  lenio,  to  assuage;   lenis,  mild. 

LENITIVE,  s.  Something  to  ease  pain.  F.  lenitif.--^ 
See  LENITY. 

LENITY,  s.  Mildness;  tenderness.  L.  lenitas:  lenis, 
mild. 

LENS.  s.  An  optical  glass  which  is  convex  on  two 
sides.  L.  le?is,  a  kind  of  pulse,  called  lentil,— from  a 
resemblance  of  that  glass  to  the  form  of  its  seed. 


LEN— LEV 

LENTICULAR,  adj.  Of  the  form  of  a  lens.  F.  lentil 

culaire:  L.  lentis.,  gen.  of  lens. — See  LENS. 
LENTIFORM.  adj.  Having  the  shape  of  a  lens.  L. 

lentis^  of  a  lens,  andyb?*wa,  figure. 
LENTIGINOUS.  adj.  Scurfy;  partaking  of  the  lentigo. 

L.  lentiginosus. — See  LENTIGO. 
LENTIGO,    s.   A   freckly  or  scurfy   eruption  on   the 

skin.  L.  from  lentis.,   gen.   of  lens^  a  kind  of  fiea  or 

pulse  called  a  lentil. 
LEO.  5.  One  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac.  L.  /fo, 

a  lion. 
LEPER,    s.    One    having    the    leprosy. See    LE- 
PROSY. 
LEPROSY,  s.  A  disorder  which  covers  the  body  with 

a  kind  of  white  scales.  L.  le/iraj  G.  lefira:    lepras^ 

scabby. 
LEPROUS,  adj.  Infected  with  leprosy.  L.  lefirosus. — 

See  LEPROSY. 
LESSON,  s.  Any  thing  read  or  repeated  to  a  teacher; 

precept;  portion  of  scripture  read  in  divine  service.  F. 

le^on:  L.  lectio:  lego,  io  read. 
LETHARGY,  s.  A   morbid  drowsiness.  G.  lethargia; 

from  lethc,  forgetfulness,  and  argos,  slothful,  dull. 
LETTER.    5.  One  of  the   elements   of  a  syllable;   an 

epistle;  literal  meaning.  F.  lettrc;  L.  litera,  a  letter. 
LEVATOR,  s.  A  surgical  instrument,  for  raising  de- 
pressed parts  of  the  skull.   L.  levator:  from  /cpo,  to 

lift. 
LEVEE.  6.  An  assemblage  of  persons  at  a  court;  an 

artificial  bank  of  a  river.    F.   levee.,  from   lever.,  to 

raise. 
LEVEN.  s. — See  LEAVEN;  which  is  the  most  com- 
mon, though  not  the  most  correct,  mode,  of  spelling 

the  word. 
LEVER,  s.  One  of  the  mechanical  powers.  F.  levier: 

L.  /e-uo,  to  lift. 
LEVIGATE.    V.  To  reduce  to  very  fine  powder;   to 

mix  until  a  liquor  becomes  smooth  and  uniform.  L. 

Icevigo:  from  lav  is,  or  levis,  smooth. 
LEVITY.  5.  Lightness;   unsteadiness;  trifling  gaiety. 

L.  levitas;  from  levis,  light. 


LEV— Lie 

LEVY.  V.  To  raise, — applied  to  money  or  an  army.  F, 

lever:  L.  levo^  to  raise. 
LEXICOGRx\PHER.  s.  A  writer  of  dictionaries.  G. 

lexico7i^  a  dictionary,  and  gra/iho^  to  write. 
LEXICON,  s,  A  dictionary.  G.  lexicon;  lexis,  a  word, 

and  eikon,  a  representation,  or  image. 
LEX  KATUR^.     Ihe  law  of  nature.  L.  lex,  a  law, 

and  nature,  gen.  oi  natura,  nature. 
LEX  A'O.'V*  SCRIPT  J.    Unwritten  law;4he  Common 

Law  of  England.  L.  lex,  a  law,  non,  not,  scrijita,  (from 

scr/(^o,^written. 
LEX  SCRIPT  J.     Written  or  statute  law.    L.   lex,  a 

law,  scrifita,  (from  scribo,')  written. 
LEX   TALIOJVIS,     The   law  of  retaliation ;   as,   "  an 

eye  for  an  eye,  a  tooth  for  a  tooth."  L.  lex,  a  law,  and 

talionis,  gen.  of  talio,  like  for  like. 
LIBATION,  s.  Wine  poured  on  the  ground  in  honour 

of  a  heathen  god.  L.  libatio:  G.  leibo,  to  pour  out. 
LIBEL.  8.  A  defamatory  writing;  a  species  of  proceed- 
ing in  law.  L.  libellus,  a  little  book,  a  lampoon;  from 

liber,  a  book. 
LIBERAL,   adj.  Becoming  a  gentleman;   munificent; 

generous.  L.  liberalis;  from  liber,  free. 
LIBERATE,  -v.  To  set  free.  L.  libera:  from  liber,  free. 
LIBERTINE,  s.  A  licentious   person.    F.  libertin;   L. 

liber,  free,  uncontrouled. 
LIBERTY,  s.   Freedom ;   privilege.   L.  libertas;   from 

liber,  free. 
LIBIDINOUS,  adj.  Lewd.  L.  libidinosus:  libido,  lust; 

G.  leibo,  to  pour  out. 
LIBRA,   s.  One  of  the  signs  of  the  zodiac.  L.  libra,  a 

balance. 
LIBRARY,  s.  A  place  for  books;  a  large  collection  of 

books.  L.  liber,  a  book. 
LIBRATION.  s.  The  state  of  being  balanced.  L.  libra- 

tio;  libra,  a  balance. 
LICENSE,  s.  Permission;  permission  allowed  by  oneself 

beyond  a  proper  limit.   L.  licentia;  from  liceo,  to   be 
-    lawful. 
LICENTIATE,  s.  One  who  has  obtained  a  collegiate 

degree.  L.  licentia,  permission. 


LIC—LIQ 

LICENTIOUS,  adj.  Unrestrained  by  law  or  moral 
feeling.  L.  licejitiosus;  from  licentia^  arbitrary  license. 

LICTOR.  s.  A  person  who  attended  the  Roman  con- 
suls, to  apprehend  or  punish  criminals.  L.  lictor;  pro- 
bably from  ligo.^  to  bind. 

LIEGE,  adj.  Subject;  sovereign.  F.  Uge ;  L.  Ugo^  to 
bind. 

LIENTERY.  s.  A  species  of  bodily  looseness,  or  di 
arrhoea.  F.  lienterie;  G.  leion^  smooth,  and  enter  on 
an  intestine. 

LIEU.  In  lieu^  means  in  the  place  of.  F.  lieu^  place 
stead. 

LIEUTENANT.  *.  A  deputy;  an  officer  next  in  rank 
to  a  captain.  F.  from  lieu^  place,  or  stead,  and  tenant~ 
part,  oi  tenir,  to  hold. 

LIGAMENT,  s.  That  which  connects.  L.  ligamentum; 
from  ligo^  to  bind. 

LIGATURE,  s.  A  bandage.  L.  ligatura;  from  ligo^  to 
bind. 

LIGNEOUS,  adj.  Partaking  of  wood.  L.  ligneus;  lig- 
num., wood. 

LIMIT.  *.  Boundary;  utmost  reach.  F.  limite:  L.  li- 
mes^ a  boundary. 

LIMPID,  adj.  Transparent.  L.  limpidus. — See  LYMPH. 

LINEAL,  adj.  Composed  of  lines;  descending  in  a  di- 
rect family  line.  L.  linealis;  from  linea^  a  line. 

LINEAMENT,  s.  Feature.  L.  lineameniu?nj  from  li- 
nea,  a  line. 

LINGUADENTAL.  adj.  Uttered  by  the  combined  ac- 
tion of  the  tongue  and  teeth.  L.  lingua^  a  tongue,  and 
de7is<f  a  tooth. 

LINGUIST,  s.  One  skilled  in  languages.  L.  lingua^  a 
tongue  or  language. 

LINIMENT,  s.  A  species  of  ointment.  L.  iini?nentu?n; 
from  117710,  to  rub  softly. 

LIPOTHYMY.  s.  A  swoon.  G.  leipothemia;  comp.  of 
leipo.,  to  fail,  and  thumos^  the  mind. 

LIQUATION,  s.  The  act  of  melting;  capacity  to  be 
melted.  L.  liguo,  to  melt. 

LIQUEFY.  V.  To  become  liquid.  L.  liquejio;  from  li- 
guotp  a  fluid,  and  Jioy  to  become. 


LIQ— LOB 

LIQUESCENT,  adj.  Melting*;  of  a  meltini^  nature. 
L.  liquescens^  part,  oi  lUjuesco^  to  grow  liquid:  liquo^ 
to  melt. 

LIQUID,  adj.  Fluid;  soft.  L.  liquidus:  liqueo^  to  melt. 

LIQUIDATE.  V.  To  lessen  a  debt  by  degrees.  L.  li- 
queo^  to  dissolve. 

LIQUOR,  s.  Any  thing  fluid;  vulgarly,  intoxicating 
drink.  L.  %z^or.~-See  LIQUID. 

LITANY.  5.  A  form  of  prayer.  G.  litaneia^  a  suppli- 
cation. 

LITERAL,  adj.  Not  figurative;  following  the  words 
precisely;  consisting  of  letters.  L.  litera^  a  letter. 

LITERARY,  adj.  Relating  to  letters,  or  learning.  L. 
literarius;  from  literce.)  letters,  or  learning :  lite?'a,  a 
letter. 

LITERATI,  s.  The  learned.  L.  pi.  of  literatus^  learned; 
from  Uteres,  letters. 

LITERATIM,  s.  Letter  by  letter.  L.  literatim;  from 
lit  era.,  a  letter. 

LITHOGRAPHY,  s.  The  art  of  engraving  on  stone. 
G.  lit/ios,  a  stone,  and  grafiho.^  to  write. 

LITHONTRIPTIC.  adj.  Medicine  for  dissolving  the 
stone  in  the  kidneys  or  bladder.  G.  llthos^  a  stone,  and 
tribo.)  to  waste  or  digest. 

LITHOTOMY,  s.  The  art  of  cutting  for  the  stone.  G. 
lithos.,  a  stone,  and  temno.,  to  cut. 

LITIGATE.  V.  To  contest  in  law.  L.  litigo;  comp.  of 
lites.,  pi.  of  lis.,  strife,  and  ago^  to  make. 

LITIGIOUS,  adj.  Fond  of  lawsuits.  L.  iitigiosus. — See 
LITIGATE. 

LITTER,  s.  Straw  for  cattle  to  lie  on;  a  bed  for  carry- 
ing a  sick  or  luxurious  person ;  a  brood  of  young, 
(supposed  to  be  in  a  bed.)  F.  litiere;  lit.,  a  bed. 

LITURGY,  .s.  Form  of  prayers;  form  of  public  devo- 
tion. G.  litourgia;  litos,  humbly  supplicating,  and  e?-- 
gon^  di  work. 

LIVID,  adj.  Discoloured  as  with  a  blow.  L.  lividus: 
from  liveo.,  to  be  black  and  blue,  or  pale  and  wan. 

LIXIVIUM.  8.  A  fluid  impregnated  with  a  salt.  L.  lix- 
ivium; from  lix.,  lie  made  with  ashes. 

LOBE.  s.  In  anatomy,'  any  fleshy,  protuberant  part,  as 
[15j 


LOC— .LUB 

the  lobes  of  the  lungs,  the  lobes  of  the  cars.  G.  lo- 
bos,  the  lower  part  of  the  ear, 

LOCAL,  adj.  Relatmg  to  place;  in  a  particular  place. 
F.  local:  L..  locus,  a  place. 

LOCATE,  -u.  To  establish  in  a  particular  place.  L.  lo- 
co; from  locus,  a  place. 

LOCOMOTION.  *.  Act  of  moving  from  one  place  to 
another.  L.  loco,  (abl.  of  locus,)  from  a  place,  and  mo- 
tion. 

LOCUM  TjEJVEJVS.  A  deputy;  a  temporary  substi- 
tute. L.  locum,  a  place,  and  tenens,  holding:  (locus 
and  teneo.) 

LOCUS  SIGILLI,  or  L.  S.  The  place  of  the  seal. 
L.  loc7is,  a  place,  and  sigilli,  gen.  of  sigillum,  a  seal. 

LOGARITHMS,  s.  A  species  of  arithmetic  invented 
by  lord  Napier.  G.  logos,  a  ratio,  and  arithmos^  a 
number. 

LOGIC,  s.  The  art  of  reasoning.  L.  logice:  G.  logos^  a 
word,  speech,  or  thought. 

LOGOMACHY,  s.  A  contest  in,  or  about,  words.  G. 
logomachia;  comp.  of  logos,  a  word,  and  mache,  a 
battle. 

LONGEVITY,  s.  Length  of  life.  L.  longaevus,  long- 
lived;  from  lo7igus,  long,  and  avum,  time. 

LONGIMETRY.  s.  The  art  of  measuring  distances. 
L.  longus,  long,  and  G.  metreo,  to  measure. 

LONGITUDE,  s.  Length;  distance  from  east  to  west. 
L.  longitudo;  from  longus,  long. 

LOQUACIOUS,  adj.  Talkative.  L.  loquacis,  gen.  of 
loquax,  talkative:  locjuor,  to  speak. 

LORICATED.  adj.  Plated  over,  in  the  manner  of  a 
crocodile.  L.  lorica-,  a  coat  of  mail. 

LOTION,  s.  A  medicinal  wash.  L.  lotio:  from  lotum^ 
sup.  of  lavo,  to  wash. 

LOUIS-D'OR.  s.  A  golden  coin  of  France.  F.  Louis^ 
(the  king's  name,)  de,  of,  or,  gold. 

LOYAL,  adj.  Obedient  to  a  prince,  or  to  the  national 
laws;  faithful.  F.  loyal;  from  loi,  a  law. 

LUBRICITY,  s.  Slipperiness,  or  smoothness;  instabi- 
lity. F.  luhricite;  L.  lubricus,  gliding. 

LUBRIFACTION.  s.  The  act  of  making  slippery  or 
smooth.  L.  lub7'7C2is,  gliding,  and/cc20,  to  make. 


LUC— LUS 

LUCENT,  adj.  Shining;  splendid.  L.  luccns^  part,  of 
luceo^  to  shine. 

LUCID,  adj.  Shining;  perspicuous.  L.  lucldus:  from 
liiceo^  to  sliine. 

LUCRATIVE,  adj.  Profitable.  L.  Iucrativ2is;  from  lu- 
cru7n^  gain. 

LUCRE,  s.  Gain;  money.  This  is  a  vulgar  word,  and 
always  used  in  a  degrading  sense.  F.  lucre;  L.  lucrum^ 
gain. 

LUCUBRATION,  s.  Nocturnal  study.  L.  iucubratio; 
from  luce^  (abl.  of  lux^)  with  light; — meaning  candle- 
light. 

LUDICROUS,  adj.  Exciting  laughter.  L.  ludicer;  from 
ludus,  sport. 

LUGUBRIOUS,  adj.  Mournful.  L.  lugubris;  lug-eo,  to 
mourn. 

LUMBAGO,  s.  Pain  in  the  loins  and  small  part  of  the 
back.  L.  lumbi,  the  loins,  and  ag-o,  to  move. 

LUMINARY,  s.  That  which  emits  light.  L.  Inminare; 
from  lumen.,  light. 

LUNAC/Y.  s.  A  species  of  mental  derangement,  erro- 
neously supposed  to  be  influenced  by  the  m.oon ;  mad- 
ness in  general.  L.  luna.,  the  moon. 

LUNAR,  adj.  Relating  to  the  moon.  L.  lunaris;  from 
luna^  the  moon. 

LUNARIAN,  s.  An  inhabitant  of  the  moon.  L.  Iu7ia^ 
the  moon. 

LUNATIC,  s.  One  afflicted  by  lunacy.— See  LUNACY. 

LUNATION,  s.  A  revolution  of  the  moon.  L.  luna^  the 
moon. 

LUPERCAL.  s.  A  feast  observed  in  Rome,  at  the 
place  where  Romulus  and  Remus  were  said  to  have 
been  suckled  by  a  w^olf.  L.  lujiercal;  from  lujia^  a  fe- 
male, wolf. 

LUSTRATION,  s.  Religious  purification  by  water,  or 
other  sacrifice.  L.  lustratio. — See  LUSTRUM. 

LUSTRE.  5.  Brightness,  or  glitter;  renown.  F.  lustre: 
L.  lustra.,  to  purify. 

LUSTRUM.  8.  The  religious  purgation  or  cleansing  of 
Rome,  every  fifth  year;  hence,  lustrum  is  used  to  <lc 
note  a  period  of  four  years.  L. 


LUS— MAG 

LUSUS  A^JTUR^.  An  irregular  production  of  na- 
ture; as  an  animal  born  with  five  legs,  in  place  of  four. 
L.  lusus,  a  play  or  freak,  iiaturx,  (from  natura^  of 

'     nature. 

LUTx\RIOUS.  adj.  Living  in  mud.  L.  lutarius:  from 
lutum^  mud. 

LUTING.  ®.  Clay,  or  a  composition,  with  which  the 
joints  and  apertures  of  chemical  utensils  are  closed. 
F.  lut^  L.  liitum^  clay. 

LUXURIANT,  adj.  Exuberant.  L.  luxuriansi  from 
luxuria.,  extravagance:  /z^xo,  to  loosen. 

LYMPH,  s.  A  transparent,  colourless  fluid.  L.  lympha. 
a  poetical  term  for  water. 

LYMPHE'DUCT.  s.  In  anatomy,  a  vessel  which  con- 
veys the  lymph.  L.  hjmjiha^  lymph,  and  ductus^  a 
guidance :  duco^  to  lead. 

LYRE.  5.  A  harp.   F.  lyre;  L.  lyra;  G.  lura. 

LYRIC,  adj.  Relating  to  poems  intended  for  the  harp;, 
sentimental  pieces  of  music.  L.  lyricus. — See  LYRE, 


M. 

MACERATE,  v.  To  m.ake  lean;  to  wear  away.  L.  ma- 
cero;  from  macer^  lean. 

MACHINATION,  s.  Artifice;  malicious  design.  L. 
machinatio ;  from  mackina^  an  engine. — See  MA- 
CHINE. 

MACHINE,  s.  An  engine.  L.  machina;  G.  viachane, 
a  project  or  endeavour;  quickness  or  advantage. 

"\L\CULA.  s.  A  spot.  L.  (pi.  macules..) 

MADRIGAL,  s.  A  pastoral  song;  any  light,  airy,  short 
song.  F.  madrigal;  L.  mandra^  a  hovel  for  cattle. 

MAGAZINE,  s.  A  store-house,  generally  for  muni- 
tions of  war;  a  miscellaneous  pamphlet,  (imagined  as 
a  literary  store-house.)   F.  magazin:   G.  ?nagos,  wise, 

MAGIC,  s.  Pretended  sorcery  or  enchantment.  L.  ma- 
jice;  G.  viagos.)  wise. 

MAGISTERIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  magistrate.  L.  ma- 
jister,  a  master;  from  ?)iajor^  greater. 

MAGISTRATE,  s.  A  man  publicly  invested  with  le- 
gal authority.  L.  magistratus:  magister-^  a  master. 


MAG—MAL 

MAGNA  CHARTA.   s.  The  charter  of  English  liber- 
tics,  obtained  from  king  John,  by  the  barons,  in  1215. 

L.  magna,  (fern,  of  magnus,)  great,  and  charta,  (pro- 
nounced caria,)  paper. 
MAGNANIMITY,  s.  Greatness  of  mind;  bravery.  L. 

magnanimitas;  comp.  of  magniis,  great,  and  aiii/niis, 

the  mind  or  soul. 
MAGNIFICENT,  adj.   Grand;  splendid.  L.  magn/J- 

cus:  from  magnus,  great,  and /aczo,  to  make. 
MAGNIFY.  -y.To  make  great;  to  increase  to  the  eye; 

to  exaggerate.  L.  magnificio;  from  magyuis,  great,  and 

facio,  to  make. 
MAGNITUDE,  s.  Bulk;   dimension.    L.   magnitudo; 

from  magnus,  great. 
MAIL.  5.  A  coat  of  steel  ne?-\vork  to  protect  the  body; 

any  armour;  a  postman's  bag,  or  that  which  covers 

2Xi^  jirotects  the  letters;  a  carriage  in  which  the  mail 

is  conveyed.  F.  maille,  the  mesh  of  a  net. 
MAIN.  adj.  Principal;  chief;  leading.  Old  F.  magne: 

L.  fnagiius,  great. 
MAIN.  s.  A  continent,  or  gi-eai  tract  of  land;  an  ocean, 

or  great  sheet  of  water. — See  the  adjective. 
MAINPRISE,  s.  Delivery  into  the  custody  of  a  friend, 

upon  security  given  for  appearance;  bail.  F.  main,  a 

hand,  d.nd  Ji rise,  possession:  firendre,  to  take. 
MAINTAIN.  V.  To  preserve;  to  keep;  to  support.  F. 

maintenir:  main,   a  hand,  (that  is,  in  the  hand,)  and 

tenir,  to  hold :  L.  manus,  and  teneo. 
MAJESTIC,  adj.  August;  grand;  splendid.  L.  ?najes' 

tas,  superiority,  majesty :  from  major,  compar.  of  mag- 

nus,  great. 
MAJOR,  adj.  Greater;  used  generally  before  part.  L. 

major,  greater;  compar.  of  ?nagnus,  great. 
MAJOR,  s.  An  officer  next  above  a  captain.  L.  major, 

greater. 
MAJORITY*^  s.  The  greater  number;  commission  or 

rank  of  major. — See  MAJOR. 
MALADY,  s.  Disease.  F.  maladie:  mal,  evil:  L.  malum. 
MALA  FIDE.     With  a  design  to  deceive.  L.  abl.  of 

malus,  bad,  and^c/e.s-,  faith. 
MALATES.  s.  Salts  formed  by  a  combination  of  any 

base  with  the  malic  acid. — See  MALIC. 
L15»] 


MAL—MAX 

MALCONTENT,  s.  A  discontented  or  dissatisfied  per- 
son. F.  77ial-content:   mal,  ill,  and  content^  contented. 

MALEDICTION,  s.  Curse.  L.  maledictio:  from  ?}ia- 
lus,  evil,  and  dictio^  an  expression. 

MALEFACTOR,  s.  A  criminal.  L.  7nale,  wickedly,  and 
facio^  to  do. 

MALEVOLENT,  s.  Malignant.  L.  malevolus;  from 
male^  wickedly,  and  volo^  to  v/ish. 

MALIC,  adj.  Malic  acid  is  obtained  from  the  juice  of 
apples.  L.  malum ^  an  apple. 

MALICE,  s.  Evil  design.  F.  malice:  L.  malitia;  from 
maliim^  wickedness. 

MALICE  PREPENSE.  Evil  intention,  previously  che- 
rished.—See  MALICE  and  PREPENSE. 

MALIGN. af//. Evil-disposed;  malicious;  pestilential.  F. 
maligne;  L.  malignus:  malus^  evil. 

MALIGNANT,  adj.  Malicious.  F.  malignant:  L.  ma- 
lignus; from  malum^  wickedness. 

MALLEABLE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  spread  by  ham- 
mering. F.  malleable:  L.  malleus.,  a  hammer. 

MALLET,  s.  A  wooden  hammer,  with  two  heads.  F. 
maillet:  L.  malleus.,  a  hammer. 

MALUM  IJV  SE.  Evil  in  itself,  as  7nurder.  Some 
actions  are  evil  only  when  prohibited  by  law,  as  the 
killing  of  game,  if  unprivileged,  which  is  malum  pro- 
hibitum, L.  malum.,  (neuter  of  maliLs^  evil,  m,  in,  se", 
itself. 

MANACLES,  s.  Handcuffs.  F.  manicles:  L.  manicas; 
manus^  a  hand. 

MANAGE,  -v.  To  conduct;  to  make  tractable.  F.  me- 
nagcr:  main^  the  hand,  and  agir^  to  act.  L.  mauus. 
and  ago. 

MANDAMUS,  s.  A  writ  granted  by  the  king  of  Eng- 
land. L.  m.andamus.^  (from  mando,)  we  command. 

MANDATE,  s.  A  command;  a  commission.  L.  man- 
datum;  from  mando^  to  command,  or  give  in  charge. 

MAA''EGE.  s.  A  place  for  training  horses;  a  riding 
school.  F.  manege. — See  MANAGE. 

MANES,  s.  The  immortal  part,  or  spirit.  L.  manes; 
which  appears  to  be  derived  from  inaneo^  to  remain. 

MANGE.  8.  A  scorbutic  disease  amongst  brutes.  F. 
ma?ig€r^  to  eat;  meaning  to  penetrate  the  skin 


MAN— MAR 

MANGER,  s.  The  trough  or  vessel  m  which  cattle  arc 
fed.  F.  inangeoire:   mavger^  to  eat. 

MANIA,  s.  Ravmg  or  furious  madness;  generally  pre- 
vailing adoption  of  something  new.  G.  mania,  rage. 

MANIAC,  s.  One  highly  deranged  in  mind. — See  MA- 
NIA. 

MANOR,  s.  Land  granted  by  a  sovereign  to  a  person 
of  great  merit,  as  an  estate  or  permanent  place  of  re- 
side?ice.  Old  F.  ?na?ioh^:  h.  maneo,  to  remain. 

MANSION,  s.  The  house  erected  on  a  manor;  a  house 
adapted  for  a  permanent  residence;  place  of  abode. 
L.  inan^io,  a  continuance:  mansum,  sup.  o{  maneo. — • 
See  MANOR. 

MANTELET,  s.  A  kind  of  pent-house,  used  by  a  be- 
sieging army,  to  cover  the  miners  and  pioneers  from 
the  enemy's  shot.  F.  mantelet:  Old  F.  mantel^  a  cloak. 

MANUAL,  adj.  Performed  by  the  hand.  L.  manualie; 
from  manus,  a  hand. 

MANUAL,  s.  A  small  book,  such  as  may  be  easily  car- 
ried in  the  hand. — See  the  adjective. 

MANUFACTURE,  v.  To  form  by  art  and  labour.  F. 
manufacturer;  L.  manu,  (abl.  of  manui,j)  by  the 
hand,  and /hc/o,  to  make. 

MANUMIT,  -v.  To  release  from  slavery.  L.  manu- 
7nitto;  comp.  of  manu,  (abl.  of  manus^)  from  the  hand, 
and  mitto,  to  send  away. 

MANUSCRIPT,  s.  Something  written  by  the  hand, — 
not  printed.  L.  manuscrifitum:  manu,(^^iA,oi  manus^ 
by  the  hand,  and  scriptus,  p.  part,  oi  scrido,  to  write. 

MARCH,  s.  The  third  month.  L.  Martins;  iVom  Mars, 
the  god  of  war;  to  whom,  it  v/as  dedicated  by  the  Ro- 
mans. 

MARGIN,  s.  The  brink,  or  border,  L.  margo,  the 
brink. 

MARINE,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  sea.  L.  marinus;  from 
mare,  the  sea. 

MARINER,  s.  A  seaman.— See  MARINE. 

MARITAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  husband.  F.  marital;  L. 
mar  it  us,  a  husband. 

MARITIME,  adj.  Relating  to  the  sea.  L.  inaritimus; 
from  mare^  the  sea. 


MAR— MAT 

MARRY.  V.  To  perform  the  ceremony  of  marriage; 
to  take  in  marriag-e.  F.  mariei-:  L.  marito^  to  wed. 

MARTIAL,  adj.  Warliiie;  relating  to  war.  F.  martial'. 
L.  martialis;  Mars^  the  god  of  war. 

MARTYR,  s.  One  who  is  put  to  death  for  holding  a 
particular  opinion.  F.  martyr:  G.  martur^  a  witness; 
because,  by  his  death,  he  bears  witness  to  the  truth  of 
his  belief. 

MARTYROLOGY.  s.  A  register  of  martyrs.  F.  mar- 
tyr^ a  martyr,  and  G.  logos,  a  description. 

MARVELLOUS,  adj.  Wonderful.  F.  marveilleiix; 
mej^veillcy  wonder:  meriter.^  to  deserve,  and  veiller,  to 
notice. 

MASCULINE,  adj.  Relating  to  males.  L.  masciilinus; 
from  mas.^  a  male. 

MASSACRE,  s.  Extensive  and  indiscriminate  slaugh- 
ter. F.  massacre;  L.  massa,  a  heap,  and  sacru/Uy  a 
sacrifice. 

MASSIVE,  or  MASSY,  adj.  Bulky;  ponderous.  F  mas- 
sif: L.  7nassa,  a  heap. 

MATERIAL,  adj.  Consisting  of  matter ;  corporeal,  not 
spiritual;  important;  essential;  necessary.  L.  materi- 
alis;  materia^  matter,  or  that  of  which  any  thing  is 
made;   mater.,  a  mother:  G.  mater ^  a  mother. 

IVIATERIALIST.  s.  One  who  denies  the  existence  of 
spiritual  substances. — See  MATERIAL. 

MATERIA  MEDICA.  A  general  name  for  all  sub- 
stances used  in  medicine;  a  book  which  treats  of  these 
substances.  L.  materia.,  matter,  and  medica^  (fern,  of 
?7iedicus.f)  pertaining  to  physic. 

MATERNAL,  adj.  Motherly;  pertaining  to  a  mother. 
L.  maternus;  niater.,  a  mother.  G.  mater.,  a  mother. 

MATHEMATICS,  s.  That  science  which  contemplates 
whatever  can  be  numbered  or  measured.  G.  mathema- 
tike;  from  mathema^  science. 

MATIN,  adj.  Relating  to  the  morning.  F.  7natin,  morn- 
ing. 

MATINS,  s.  Morning  worship.  F.  7natines. — See  MA- 
TIN. 

MATRICE.  s.  A  mould;  an  instrument  used  by  en- 
gravers and  letter-founders,  on  which  is  engraved  a 


MAT— MEA 

tioiiire  to  be  struck  into  the  metal,  or  the  letter  to  be 
cast.— See  MATRIX. 

MATRICIDE,  s.  Murder  of  a  mother.  L.  matrkid'mmi 
comp.  of  mater^  a  mother,  and  ccec/c?,  to  kill. 

MATRICULATE,  v.  To  admit  as  a  member  of  a  uni- 
versity; to  enrol.  L.  matrix^  a  womb,  and  latum^  sup.  of 
fero^  to  bring.  A  college  is  thus  compared  to  a  mother, 

jMATRIMONY.  *.  Wedlock.  L.  matrimonium;  from 
mater ^  a  mother. 

MATRIX,  s.  The  womb;  also,  an  instrument  used  in 
the  formation  of  letters,  &:c.  by  engravers  and  type- 
founders. L.  matrix;  G.  mater^  a  mother. 

MATRON.  8.  An  elderly  lady;  a  wife.  L.  matronui 
from  mater ^  a  mother. 

MATTER,  s.  Substance;  purulent  discharge;  subject; 
consequence;  importance.  L.  materia;  from  mater^  a 
mother  :   G.  mater, 

MATURE,  adj.  Ripe.  L.  maturus,^  mellow. 

MAUSOLEUM,  s.  A  splendid  tomb.  L.  from  Mauso- 
lus,  king  of  Caria;  for  whom,  a  famous  funeral  monu- 
ment was  erected  by  his  queen,  and  called  The  Mau- 
soleum. 

MAUVAISE  HOjYTE.  Excessive  bashfulness.  F.  mau-- 
vaisey  evil,  honte,  shame,  or  confusion. 

MAXIM,  s.  An  axiom;  a  general  principle;  a  leading 
truth.  F.  7naxime:  L.  maximus^  greatest. 

MAXIMUM,  s.  The  highest  rate,  opposed  to  minimum. 
L.  maximu7n<^  (neuter  of  maximus^')  the  superl.  of  mag- 
71US,  great:  pos.  ?nagnns,  great;  compar.  major ^  great- 
er; superl.  maximus,,  greatest. 

MAY.  s.  The  fifth  month.  L.  Mains;  from  Maia^  the 
mother  of  Mercury. 

MAYOR.  5.  The  chief  magistrate  of  a  town.  F.  maire; 
L.  major^  greater. 

MEAGER,  adj.  Lean;  weak;  emaciated.  F.  inaigre;  L. 
macer,,  lean. 

MEANDER,  -v.  To  move  in  a  serpentine  course. 
Meander^  a  river  in  Phrygia,  remarkable  for  its  wind- 
ing. 

MEASURE,  s.  Standard  of  measurement;  degree,  or 
quantity;  means;  musical  time;  metre.    F.  mesur^: 


MEC—MEM 

L.  mensura;  me?isus,  part,  of  metior,  to  measure:  G. 
metreo. 

MECHANICS.  5.  The  science  of  the  power  and  con- 
struction of  machines.  G.  mechane^  art. 

MEDAL,  s.  A  piece  of  metal  bearing  a  memorial  of 
some  meritorious  or  remarkable  performance ;  and  in- 
tended as  a  present  to  the  achiever.  F.  medaille:  from 
the  Saxon  med^  signifying  reward. 

MEDALLION,  s.  Something  resembling  a  medal.  F. 
medallion. — See  MEDAL. 

MEDIATE.  V.  To  intercede.  L.  medius^  middle; — a 
mediator  stands  between  two  persons. 

MEDIATELY,  adv.  By  a  secondary  cause. — See  ME- 
DIATE. 

MEDIATOR.  «.  An  intercessor.— See  MEDIATE. 

MEDICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  art  of  healing.  L.  me- 
dicus:   G.  medeo^  to  govern. 

MEDIOCRITY,  s.  Middle  rate.  L.  mediocritas;  from 
medius^  middle. 

MEDITATE,  -v.  To  contemplate.  L.  meditor:  G.  me- 
deo,  to  govern,  or  take  care  of. 

MEDIUM,  s.  Any  thing  intervening;  a  middle  degree; 
means.  L.  medium^  the  middle. 

MELx\NCHOLY.  s.  A  disease,  arising  from  a  heavy 
state  of  the  blood;  a  gloomy,  pensive  temper.  G.  me- 
lanos.)  gen.  of  melas^  black,  and  chole.,  bile. 

MP2LIORATE.  V.  To  improve;  to  ameliorate.  L.  -me- 
Ho 7'^  better. 

MELLIFEROUS,  adj.  Producing  honey.  L.  mellifer: 
me  I.,  honey,  and /<"ro,  to  bring. 

MELLIFLUOUS,  adj.  Sweetly  flowing.  L.  mel,  honey, 
and  y?/^o,  to  flow. 

MELLOW,  adj.  Pleasingly  ripe;  soft.  L.  mel.^  honey, 

MELODY,  s.  Sweetness  of  musical  sound.  G.  nielodia; 
from  W(f//,  honey.  Musical  harmony  relates  to  the 
agreement  of  sounds. 

MEMBRANE,  s.  A  delicate  web  used  in  the  human 
structure.  L.  membrana^  a  film. 

MEMENTO.  V.  Remember;  s.  a  memorial.  L.  mc- 
mento^  remember;  imper.  of  the  defective  v.  memini, 

MEMOIR,  s.  A  familiarly  written  history.  F.  memoire; 
L.  memoro^  to  remember.  * 


MEM—MER 

MEMORANDUM,  s.  A  note  to  aid  the  memory.  L. 
memorandum^  to  be  remembered;  part,  of  memoro^  to 
remember. 

MEMORIAL,  s.  A  monument;  a  remembrancer;  a 
written  address,  such  as  remi7ids  of  services  and  soli- 
cits a  reward.  F.  mcmoriali  L.  memorialis:  ?7ie?norOj 
to  remember. 

MEMORY,  s.  The  faculty  of  recollecting  things  past; 
recollection.  L.  memoria;  from  memoro^  to  remem- 
ber. 

MENACE.  V.  To  threaten.  F.  menacer:  G.  me?iio,  to 
be  angry. 

MENAGE,  or  MENAGERIE,  s.  A  place  for  wild 
animals.  F.  from  menager^  to  manage,  or  take  care  of. 

MENDACITY,  s.  Falsehood.  L.  mendajc,  lying. 

MENDICANT,  s.  A  beggar.  L.  mendicans^  part,  of 
mendico^  to  beg;  comp.  of  ?7ze7if/aczw7«,  a  falsehood, 
and  dico^  to  say. 

MENDICITY.  5.  The  state  of  a  beggar.— See  MEN- 
DICANT. 

MENIAL,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  retinue  or  train  of  ser- 
vants ;  befitting  a  servant.  F.  ?ne6-7iie,  an  old  French 
word,  signifying  a  low  servant. 

MENSAL.  adj.  Relating  to  the  table.  L.  mensalis: 
mensa,  a  table. 

MENSTRUAL,  adj.  Monthly;  relating  to  a  menstru- 
um. F.  ?nenf>'trual;  L.  mensis^  a  month. 

MENSURATION,  s.  The  science  or  act  of  measur- 
ing. L.  inensura.,  a  measure. — See  MEASURE. 

MENTAL,  adj.  Intellectual.  F.  mentale:  L.  mentis^ 
gen.  of  mens.,  the  mind. 

MEPHITIC.  adj.  Ill-smelling:  noxious.  L.  mephiiis.^  a 
bad  smell. 

MERCANTILE,  adj.  Commercial.  L.  mercans,  part, 
of  mercor^  to  buy. 

MERCENARY,  adj.  Hired;  too  fond  of  gain.  L.  mer- 
cenariusi  from  merces^  wages. 

MERCER,  s.  A  dealer  in  cloths.  F.  mercier;  L.  ?nerco7'f 
to  buy. 

MERCHANT,  s.  One  who  traffics.  F.  viarchand;  L. 
?nercans:  mercor^  to  purchase. 


MER— MET 

MERETRICIOUS,  adj.  Alluring  by  false  show.  L.  me- 
i^etricius;  from  meretrix^  a  harlot. 

MERCURY.  5-.  Quicksilver.  L.  Mercurius,  called,  in 
English,  Mercury;  the  most  subtle  of  all  the  heathen 
gods. 

MERGED.  V.  Nearly  included.  L.  ?}iergo,  to  immerse. 

MERIDIAN,  s.  The  point  of  noon;  a  geographical  line 
drawn  from  north  to  south,  and  passing  through  all 
those  places  which  have  noon  at  the  same  time.  F. 
meridieii;  L.  ?neridies,  noon;  probably,  from  mediusy 
middle,  and  dies^  a  day 

MERIT,  s.  Desert.  L.  meritiun;  from  mereo^  to  earn. 

MERiVIAID.  s.  An  animal  resembling  the  human  form, 
saic  lo  exist  in  the  sea.  F.  mer^  the  sea,  and  maid. 

MERSiON.  s.  The  act  of  sinking  or  plunging  below 
the  surface.  L.  mersio;  from  meraum^  sup.  of  mergo^ 
to  plunge. 

MESSIEURS,  s.  Sirs;  gentlemen.  F.  plural  of  mon- 
sieur^ sir. 

METALLURGY,  s.  The  art  of  workhig  or  preparing 
metals.  L.  metallum,,  metal,  and  G.  ergon^  work. 

METAMORPHOSE,  v.  To  change  the  form.  G.  me- 
tamorphobi  comp.  of  meta^  against,  and  morjihe.,  form. 

METAPHOR,  s.  A  similitude;  a  simile,  usually  com- 
prised in  one  word.  G.  metafihora;  meta^  signifying 
from  one  place,  or  thing,  to  another,  and  fihoreo^  to 
carry. 

METAPHRASE,  s.  A  strict,  verbal  translation.  G.  me- 
tafihrasis:  meta^  signifying  from  one  place,  or  thing, 
to  another,  and  fihrasis,  a  phrase. 

ME  TAPHYSICS.  s.  That  part  of  philosophy  which 
considers  the  nature  and  properties  of  thinking  beings, 
Sec.  G.  ?neta/ihusikej  from  yne^fa,  through,  BXid  p/iusisy 
nature. 

METASTASIS,  s.  Translation  or  removal.  G.  7neta- 
stasis:  from  77ietay  across  or  opposite  to,  and  stasis^  a 
situation. 

METE.  V.  To  measure.  L.  inetior;  G.  metreo^  to  mea- 
sure. 

METEMPSYCHOSIS,  s.  Transmigration  of  the  soul 
from  one  body  to  another.  G.  metempsuchosis:  from 
metOi  from  one  place  to  another,  and/i*wc/^f,  the  soul. 


MET—MIL 

METEOR.  .5.  A  transitory  body.  G.  ineteora;  from  mf- 
ta^  from  place  to  place,  and  aeiro,  to  raise. 

METEOROLOGICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  doctrine  of 
meteors;  and  to  the  changes  of  weather.  Meteor,  and 
G.  hg-os<f  a  description. 

METHOD.  5.  The  placing  of  several  things,  or  per- 
forming several  operations,  in  the  most  convenient 
manner;  mode,  or  manner.  G.  juethodos:  vieta^  with, 
and  or/os,  a  way- 

METONYMY,  s.  A  rhetorical  figure,  founded  on  the 
several  relations  of  cause  and  effect,  container  and 
contained,  sign  and  thing  signified:  as,  w^hen  v/e  say, 
"  he  is  reading  Locke,"  the  cause  is  put  for  the  ef- 
fect; meaning  "  the  works  of  Locke."  G.  inetoninnia; 
meta^  against,  and  o?io?na^  a  name. 

METRE,  s.  Language  confined  to  a  certain  numbef, 
and  harmonic  disposition,  of  syllables;  verse.  G.  me- 
tron^  a  measure. 

METROPOLIS,  s.  A  chief  city.  L.  Dietrofiolis;  G.  me- 
ter^ a  mother,  and  /ioiis,  a  city. 

METROPOLITAN,  s.  An  archbishop.  G.  from  me- 
trofiolis;  supposing  that  the  chief  city  was  the  princi- 
pal see. 

MIASMA,  s.  Contagious  particles  arising  from  distem- 
pered or  poisonous  bodies.  G.  iniasina;  from  miano^ 
to  infect. 

MICROCOSM,  s.  The  little  world.  Man  is  so  called, 
from  a  fanciful  analogy  to  the  world  itself.  G.  mikros^ 
little,  and  kos7jios,  the  world. 

MICROMETER.  6-.  An  instrument  for  measuring  small 
spaces.  G.  miki'os,  small,  and  metreo^  to  measure. 

MICROSCOPE,  s.  An  instrument  for  viewing  small 
objects.   G.  7}iikros,  small,  and  sko/ieOy  to  view. 

MIGRATE.  V.  To  remove  to  another  country.  L.  y^i- 
,§•7-0,  to  remove. 

Mile.  s.  The  Roman  mile  was  called  771/lle  /lassus^  a 
thousand  paces  or  steps;  hence,  the  English  mz7(?, 
though  it  contains  1760  yards. 

MILIARY,  adj.  In  medical  language,  means  small,  re- 
sembling a  millet-seed  :  a  miliary  fever  produces 
small  eruptions.  F-  iniiiairc:  L.  7«z7m/?',  a  miilct-sced. 
[16] 


MIL— MIN 

MILITANT,  adj.  Fighting;  engaged  in  spiritual  war- 
fare. L.  77ulitans,  part,  of  milito^  to  p-o  a  fighting:  from 
rniles^  3.  soldier. 

MILITARY,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  profession  of  a  sol- 
dier; relating  to  war.  L.  juilitaris;  from  miles,  a  sol- 
dier. 

MILITIA,  s.  Citizens  and  peasantry  trained  for  na- 
tional defence.  L.  militia^  soldiery;  from  ?niles,  a  sol- 
dier. 

^NIILLE.  s.  In  the  federal  arithmetic  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  the  thousandth  part  of  a  dollar. 

F.  ?7iille;  L.  mille;  a  thousand. 
MILLENNIUM,  s.  A  thousand  years;  a  certain  period 

of  time   anticipated  by  some  Christians.  L.  mille.,  a 
thousand,  and  annus.,  a  year. 
MIMIC.  s.K  ludicrous,  or  servile  imitator.  L.  viimicus; 

G.  viimos.,  an  imitator. 

MINATORY,  adj.  Threatening.  L.  minor^  to  threaten. 

MINERALOGY,  s.  The  science  of  minerals.  Comp.  of 
the  Eng.  mineral,  and  G.  logos,  a  description. 

MINIATURE,  s.  A  representation  in  a  small  compass. 
F.  miniatui^e. — This  word,  in  accordance  with  the 
size  of  the  painting,  appears  to  come  from  the  L. 
minuoy  to  lessen;  but,  in  relation  to  its  orthografihy, 
and  to  the  mode  of  execution,  the  French  word  may 
have  been  derived  from  miniatus,  part,  of  the  L.  minio, 
to  colour  with  vermilion. 

y[IJ\'IMUM.  s.  The  lowest  ratej  opposed  to  maximum. 
L.  minimum,  (neuter  oi  juiniinus,')  the  superl.  oi  par- 
vus: ^os.  parvus,  little;  compar.  minor,  less;  superl. 
7nini?nus,  least. 

MINION,  s.  A  court-favourite;  a  mean  dependant.  F. 
7mgnon,  a  darling. 

MINISTER,  s.  An  agent;  one  who  acts  w 77 of er  another; 
a  clergyman,  or  high  civil  officer.  L.  7ninister,  a  ser- 
vant, or  assistant:  7ninor,  less. 

MINISTER.  V.  To  attend;  to  manage;  to  perform;  to 
supply.  L.  ministro. — See  the  noun. 

MINOR,  adj.  Petty;  smaller.  L.  7mnor,  less. 

MINOR.  5.  One  under  the  age  when  he  can  lawfully^ 
manage  his  own  affairs.  L.  7mnor,  less,  or  younger. 

MINOTAUR,  s.  A  monster  imagined  by  the  poets, 


MIN— MIS 

half  man  and  half  bull.  L.  Mhiotaurufi;  from  Mbios^ 
a  king  of  Crete,  and  taurua^  a  bull. — See  Ovid's  Me- 
tamorphoses. 

MIAOUS,  s.  Less;  insufficient;  in  electricity?  opposed  to 
filus.  L.  minus,  less. 

MINUTE',  adj.  Small ;  precise.  L.  minutus,  diminished; 
from  7)1171110,  to  lessen. 

MIN'UTE.  s.  The  sixtieth  part  of  an  hour.  L,  minutiL^. 
—See  MINUTE'. 

MIN'UTE.  V.  To  record  briclly.—See  MINUTE'. 

MINUTL'E.  s.  Minute  parts; 'trifles.  L.  pi.  of  7ni7iu^ 
tia;  7niiiutus,  p.  part,  oi  7iiiiiuo,  to  make  less;  initioi-'j 
less. 

MIRACLE,  s.  A  wonder;  something  above  human 
power.  F.  77iiraclej  L.  rnii^aculiuji;  from  miroi^,  to 
wonder. 

jMIRROR.  5.  A  looking  glass.  F.  jyiiroi?-;  L.  ?niror,  to 
admire. 

:MISANTHR0?E.  s.  One  disgusted  v/ith  mankind.  G, 
miscuithj^opos:  miseo,  to  hate,  and  anthi'ofios,  a  man. 

MISCELLANEOUS,  adj.  Various.  L.  inisctilcuieus^ 
from  771  is  ceo,  to  mix. 

INIISCIBLE.  adj.  Possible  to  be  mingled.  L.  ?niscco,  to 
mix. 

MISER,  s.  Originally,  signified  a  wretched  or  unhappy- 
person,  in  general;  but  now,  means  one  v/ho  is  ex- 
tremely covetous  of  money,  and  wretched  from  the 
fear  of  poverty.  L.  77iise7;  wretched. 

MISERABLE,  adj.  Wretched.  F.  77userable.'^ScQ  ML 
SER. 

MISNOMER.  .V.  In  law,  signifies  a  wrong  name.  F. 
from  w.'/.v,  denoting  error,  and  no77i,  a  name. 

MISOGAIMIST.  s.  A  marriage-hater.  G.  7niseo,  to  hate., 
and  i^anios,  marriage. 

^MISPRISION,  s.  In  law,  signifies  neglect,  negligence, 
or  oversight.  Old  F.  77iesji riser,  to  disdain;  or  tnes- 
jire7idre,  to  mistake. 

MISSILE,  adj.  Thrown;  designed  to  be  thrown.  L. 
viissilis;  from  missus,  p.  part,  of  7nitto^  to  send. 

MISSION,  s.  Commission;  the  ofBce  of  persons  com- 
missioned or  employed.  L.  ?7ii-^sio;  from  77iissus,  p.  part . 
of  mittoy  to  send. 


MIT— MOL 

MITIGATE.  V.  To  assuage;  to  soften.  L.  ?7Vttig'o;  froiii 

mitis^  meek. 
MITRE,  s.  A  bishop's  crown.  L.  miti-a^  a  bonnet,  or 

turban. 
MITTIMUS,    s.   A   magistrate's    order  for  imprison- 
ment. L.  mittimus^  we  send;  being  the  first  word  in 

the  old  Latin  writs, 
MIXTILINEAR.  s.  Consisting  of  a  line,  or  lines,  partly 

straight  and  partly  curved.  L.  viixtus^  mixed,  and  //- 

nealla. — -See  LINEAL. 
MNEMONICS,  s.  The   science  of  artificial  memory. 

G.  mncmonikts.^  relating  to  the  memory:  fimaomai^lo 

remember. 
MOBILITY,  s.  Capacity  of  being  moved;  activity;  iu 

cant  language,  the  populace.  F.  viobillte;  L.  mobilitus: 

mo'oeo^  to  move. 
MODE.  fs.  Manner;  method;  form;  fashion.  F.  mode; 

L.  modus,  a  due  proportion,  method,  manner. 
MODEL,  s.  A  pattern.  F.  7nodele.'—Sec  MODE. 
MODERATE,  a.-//.  Not  excessive ;  temperate ;  middling, 

L.  moderatus. — See  MODE. 
MODERN,    adj.  According  to   the  present    mode;  in 

conformity  v/ith  the  present  mode;  recent;  not  ancient. 

F.  7-vof/er72c.— Sec  MODE. 
MODEST.  .V.  Having- a  proper  deportment;  not  impu- 
dent; chaste.  F.  modeste:  L.  viodesius:  jnodus,  a  due 

proportion. 
MODIFY.  V.  To   conform;  to  qualify.  F.  modifer;  L, 

modus,  a  manner,  and  facio,  to  make. — See  MODE. 
MODULATE,  v.  To  form  sound  to  a  certain  key,  or 

to  certain  notes.  L.  7nodu/or;  from  modulus,  a  mea- 
sure:  modus,  a  rule. 
MODUS,  s.  A  due  proportion,  neither  more  nor  less; 

measure;  limits;  rule.  L. 
MODUS  OPERANDI.     The  method  or   manner    of 

operating.  L.  modus,  a  method,  ojierandi,  (gerund,  of 

operor^j  of  working. 
MOIETY.  5'.  Half.  F.  moitic;  from  moyen,  the  middle. 
MOLE'CULE.  s.  The  molecules  of  bodies  are  those 

uitianate  particles  which   cannot  be  decomposed  by 

any  chemical  means.  F.  molecule,  a  dimin.  formation, 

from  the  L.  moles^  a  mass- 


MOL— -MON 

MOLEST,  r.  To  disturb,  or  vex.  F.  molesteri  L.  mo- 

/^s^/a,  trouble;   G.  molos,  labour. 
MOLLIENT.  adj.  Solteiiing.  L.  ?nollie?is.  part,  of  niol- 

liOy  to  soften. 
MOLLIFY.  V,  To  soften.  L.  ??wllis,  soft,  and  ^/lo,  to  be 

made. 
JMOMENT.   s.  Force;   importance;   consequence;   in- 
divisible  particle  of  time.   L.  momentum;    mome?!^  a 

motion. 
MOMENTOUS,  adj.  Important;   of  consequence.  L. 

viomentosus. — See  MOMENT. 
MONANDRIA.  5.  A  genus  of  plants,  distinguished  by 

one  male  stamina.    G.  monos^  single,  and  andria-^  vi- 
rility. 
MONARCH,  s.  An  emperor,  or  a  king.  G.  mojiarchos; 

from  monosy  alone,  and  arche^  government,. 
MONASTERY,   s.  Place  of  religious  retirement.    L. 

mojiasterium:   G.  monos^  alone. 
MONITION,   s.  Advice.    L.   monitio;  from    mcnco^  to 

advise.   G.  monos^  alone,-— that  is,  in  private. 
^MONITOR,  s.  One  who   gives  advice;  a  scholar  ap- 
pointed to  watch  over  his  fellows.  L.  ruQiiitor;  from 

moneo^  to  advise. 
MONK.   v.  A  man  secluded  in  a  monastery.     Derived, 

through  the  Saxon,  from  the  G.  monachos^  solitary; 

monos^  alone. 
MONODY,  s.  A   poem  in  which  only  one  person  is 

introduced  as  speaking.  G.  vio7ios^  alone,  and  or/e,  a 

song. 
MONOGAMY,  s.  Marriage  of  one   v/ife;   opposed  to 

polygamy.   G.  nionos,  one,  and  gameo^  to  marry. 
MONOLOGUE,  s.  A  soliloquy.  G.  monos^  alone,  and 

logofi^  a  word,  or  speech. 
MONOPOLIZE.  V.  To  engross.  G.  monos^  alone,  and 

poleo.,  to  sell. 
MONOPTOTE.  s.  A  noun  used  only  in  one  oblique 

case.   G.  m.onos.^  one,  and  ptosis^  a  case. 
MONOSYLLABLE,  s.  A  word  of  one  syllable.  G.  mo- 

nos^  one,  and  syllable. 
MONOTONY,  s.  Disagreeable  repetition  of  the  same 

sound.  G.  monotonia;  mo?iaSy  oncj  and  tonos,  a  tone 

o-v  note. 

ri5»]. 


MON— MUC 

MONSTER.  5.  The  primary  meaning  of  this  word  %vas. 
something  ominous;  something  which  was  supposed 
to  show  or  foretel;  as,  an  eclipse  of  the  sun,  a  comet, 
or  unusual  colour  of  the  moon :  but,  the  word  Mon- 
ster now  denotes  something  formed  contrary  to  the 
general  rules  of  nature,  or  any  thing  extremely 
large.  F.  monstre;  L.  monstrum:   monstro^  to  show. 

MONUMENT.  ^.  A  memorial.  L.  moniimentum;  from 
monco^  to  bring  to  remembrance,  and  mens,  the  mind. 

MOOD,  or  MODE.  s.  Manner;  a  term  of  logic  and  of 
grammar. — See  MODE. 

MORAL,  adj.  Relating  to  human  conduct;  proper; 
honest.  L.  moralis;  from  ?noris,  gen.  of  7nosj  a  man- 
ner. 

MORBID,  adj.  Diseased.  L.  viorbldus;  from  morbus^ 
sickness. 

MORDANT,  s.  A  substance,  such  as  alum,  or  iron, 
which  has  a  chemical  affinity  for  another  substance; 
and  with  which  cloth  or  yarn  is  prepared  before 
dyeing.  F.  mordant;  sharp,  acrid;  from  mordre,  to 
bite:  L.  mordeo. 

'MOROSE,  adj.  Peevish;  sullen.  L.  7norosus;  from  mor- 
deo, to  bite. 

MORTAL,  adj.  Subject  to  death;  causing  death.  L- 
mortalis;  from  mors,  death. 

MORTGAGE,  s.  Security  on  lands,  Sec.  F.  mort,  dead, 
and  gage,  a  pledge. 

MORTIFY.  V.  To  destroy  the  vital  principle;  to  sub- 
due inordinate  passions;  to  vex.  F.  mortijier:  L.  mors, 
death,  and /acio,  to  make,  or  cause. 

MORTMAIN,  s.  Such  a  state  of  possession  as  makes 
it  unalienable;  whence,  it  is  said  to  be  in  a  dead  hand. 
F.  morte,  dead,  and  main,  a  hand. 

MOTIVE,  s.  That  which  incites.  L.  moiiviis:  inoto,  to 
move. 

MUCILAGE.  .9.  A  slimy  or  gummy  substance.  F.  mz^- 
fi7a^>-f.— See  MUCUS. 

MUCILAGINOUS,  adj.  Having  the  quality  of  muci- 
lage.    From  mucilage,  and  the  L.  genus^  a  sort. 

MUCOUS,  adj.  Viscous;  slimy.—See  MUCUS. 

MUCULENT.  adj.  Viscous;  slimy.— See  MUCUS- 


MUC— MUR 

MUCUS,  s.  That  v.'hich  issues  from  the  nose;  a  viscous 

fluid.  L.       ^  _ 

MULCT.  V.  To  punish  by  fine  or  forfeiture.  L.  mulcto, 

to  fine. 
MULCTUARY.  adj.  Imposing  a  fine.— See  MULCT. 
MULTIFARIOUS,  adj.  Having  great  diversity;  vari- 
ous. L.  midtifcr;  comp.  of  7n ulcus,  many,  and  J'c?'Oy 

to  bear. 
MULTIFORM,  adj.  Having  various  forms.  L.  miilti- 

foDiiis;  from  multus,  many,  and  for?na,  a  shape. 
MULTILATERAL,  adj.  Having  many  sides.  L.  from 

muUus,  many,  and  latus,  a  side. 
MULTIPAROUS.  adj.  Producing  many  at  a  birth.  L. 

muliiparus;  from  mulius,  many,  and  pario,  to  bring 

forth  young. 
MULTIPEDE.  5.  An  insect  with  many  feet.  L.  inul- 

tliicda;  from  multus,  many,  and  pedes,  pi.  oi  pes,  a 

foot. 
MULTIPLY.  IK  To  increase;   to   find  the  product  of 

arithmetical  factors.  L.  multiplico;  from  muUus,  many, 

and  plico,  to  fold. 
MULTITUDE.  5.   A   great  number;   the  vulgar.    L. 

multltudo;  multus,  manv. 
MULTUM  IJ^  PARVO'.     Much    in    little   space.    L, 

multum,  neuter  of  multus,  much,  in,  in,  par 00,  abl.  of 

fiarvus,  little. 
MUNDANE,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  world.  L.  munda- 

71  us;  from  mundus,  the  world. 
MUNICIPAL,  adj.  Belonging  or  relating  to  a  corpo- 
ration. L.  municipalis;  from  municipium,  a  privileged 

city, — munus,  a  gift,  and  capio,  to  hold. 
MUNIFICENCE,  s.  Liberality.  L.  muniJicenHai  from 

munus,  a  gift,  and/ac/o,  to  make. 
MUNITION,  s.  Ammunition;   materials   for  war.    L. 

munitio;  ivom.  7minio,  to  strengthen. 
MURAL,  adj.  Pertaining  to  a  wall.  L.  77iuralis;  from 

7nurus,  a  wail. 
MURIATES,  s.  Salts   formed  by  the  combination  of 

any  base  with  muriatic  acid. — See  MURIATIC. 
MURIATIC,  adj.  Having  a  chemical  basis  of  salt.  L. 

■muria,  salt  v/ater. 


MUS— -MYT 

MUSEUM,  s,  A  repository  of  curiosities.  L.  museum; 
G.  mouseion^  a  place  dedicated  to  the  Muses:  from 
mousa^  a  Muse. 

MUSIC,  s.  Instrumental  or  vocal  harmony.  L.  musica; 
G.  rnousike;  from  mousa^  a  Muse. 

MUTABLE,  adj.  Changeable;  inconstant.  L.  mutabi- 
Us;  from  viiito,  to  change. 

MUTATIS  MUTAjYDIS.  After  making  the  neces- 
sary changes:  (inflections  of  the  L.  muto^  to  change.) 

MUTE.  adj.  Silent.  L.  mutus^  dumb;  G.  muttos;  from 
muos  to  shut. 

MUTILATE.  V.  To  deprive  of  some  essential  part.  L. 
inutilo:  muto^  to  change,  or  transform. 

MUTINY,  v.  To  form  a  plan  of  insurrection;  to  rise 
against  authority.  F.  mutiner;  L.  mutus^  silent;  be- 
cause mutinies  are  organized  in  silence. — See  MUTE. 

MUTTON,  s.  The  iiesh  of  a  sheep.  F.  mouton^  a 
sheep. 

MUTUAL,  adj.  Reciprocal.  L.  mutuus;  from  muto^  to 
exchange. 

INIYRIAD.  s.  A  vast  number.  G.  murias.^  ten-thousand. 

MYRMIDON.  8.  A  ruffian;  a  mercenary  bravo.  G. 
Tiiurmedon;  from  the  Myrmidones^  a  people  who  fol- 
lowed Achilles  to  the  Trojan  war. 

MYSTERY,  s.  Something  shut  or  hidden  from  the 
knowledge  of  the  people,  and  known  only  by  the  an- 
cient priests;  something  beyond  human  comprehen- 
bion.  L.  mysterium;   G.  musterion;   muo^  to  shut. 

MYSTIC,  or  MYSTICAL,  adj.  Sacredly  obscure,  as 
distinguished  from  mysterious^  which  applies  to  com- 
mon obscurities;  secret;  emblematical.  L.  mysticus, 
—See  MYSTERY. 

MYTHOLOGY,  s.  System  offlibles;  explication  of  the 
fabulous  history  of  heathen  gods.  F.  mythologie;  G. 
muthos.,  a  fable,  (from  muo,  to  shut,)  and  lo(^os,  a 
♦icscriptiop.c 


NAR— NEG 


N. 


XARCOTIC.   adj.   Promoting-   sleep.    G.   narko-o^    t« 

stupefy. 
NARRATE,  v.  To  relate.  L.  narro,  to  tell. 
NASAL,  adj.  Relating-  to  the  nose.  L,  nasiis,  the  nose. 
NATAL,  adj.  Native;  relating  to  nativity.  L.  7iatali»; 

from  naiusy  part,  of  nascor.,  to  ))e  born. 
NATION,    s,   A  people,    distinguished    from    another 

people,  by  plaee  of  bh-t/i^  Sec;  a  country.  F.  nationj 

L.  natio. — See  NATAL. 
NATIVE,  adj.  Produced  by  nature;  natural;  relating 

to  the  place  of  birth,  or  production:  ,9.  one  born  in 

a  particular  country.  L.  nativus. — See  NATAL. 
NAUSEOUS.  «f/;. Loathsome,  lu.na-useonus:  G.nausia, 

sea-sickness;  from  ?iaus,  a  ship. 
NAUTICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  sailors;  naval.  G.  nau- 

tikos;  from  naus^^  a  ship. 
NAVAL,  adj.  Relating  to  ships;  pertaining  to  a  navy. 

L.  navalis. — See  NAVY. 
NAVIGATE,  -v.  To  pass  by  water;  to  steer.  L.  uavi- 

go;  from  navis^  a  ship,  and  ago^  to  move. 
NAVY.  s.  A  national  fleet.  L.  navis^  a  ship:   G.  naus; 

from  ?zrto,  to  glide. 
NEBULOUS,   adj.   Cloudy.  L.  nebulosus;   G.  nefihos^ 

a  cloud. 
NECESSARY,  adj.  Needful;  essential,  lu.necessarius; 

from  7ie.)  not,  and  cessinyi.,  sup.  of  cedo.,  to  depart,  or 

resis^n. 
NECROMANCER,  s.  One  who  pretends  to  converse 

with  the  dead;  a  conjurer.  G.  7ie/cros,  dead,  and  7nan~ 

r/,9,  a  prophet. 
NECTAR,  s.  A  delightful  drink.  G.  ?iektar,  the  fabled 

beverage  of  the  gods. 
NEFARIOUS,  adj.  Criminal;  abominable.  L.  nefarU 

U8;  from  nefasy  a  wicked  action :  which  is  from  ne^ 

not,  and  fas.,  right. 
NEGATIVE,  adj.  Not  affirmative;  not  positive.  L.  ne^ 

gativusj  from  nego^  to  deny:  nc ^  i\qX^  and  ago^  to  do. 


NEG— NIS 

NEGLECT.  V.  To  omit  b}^  heedlessness;  to  slight.  L', 
7ieglectu?n^  sup.  of  negligo :  nee,  not,  and  lego,  to 
choose. 

MEGLIGE'E.  s.  A  sort  of  gown,  worn  as  an  undress^ 

F.  neglige,  part,  of  negUger,  to  neglect. 
NEGLIGENCE,  s.  Habit  of  neglect;  carelessness.  F- 

negligence. — See  NEGLECT. 
NEGOTIATE,  -o.  To  traffic;  to  treat.    L.  negotium, 

time  of  business;  comp.  oi  7i€c,  not,  and  otiiuyt,  lei- 
sure. 
NEGRO,  s.  A  black  man.    Spanish,  negro ;  L.  7iiger^ 

black. 
JVEM.  COJV.   An  abbreviation  oi  neinine  contradicente; 

"no  person  opposing  or  disagreeing."    L.  nevio,  no 

one,  and  contradico,  to  speak  against. 
XEM.  DISS.    An  abbreviation  of  nemine  dissentients, 

and   expressing   the   same  meaning  as  nem.  con.  L. 

72^7720,  no  one,  and  dissentio,  to  disagree  in  opinion. 
NEPHRITIC,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  organs  of  urine; 

troubled  with  the  stone;  remedial  against  the  stone. 

G.  nefihritikos:  from  nephrcs,  a  rein  or  kidney. 
NEPHROTOMY,  s.  The  operation  of  opening  the  kid- 
neys; the  operation  of  cutting  for  the  stone.   G.  ne- 
fihros,  a  kidney,  and  temno,  to  cut. 

JVE  PLUS  ULTRA.    Utmost  degree.  L.  ne,  riot,  fi  I  us, 

more,  ultra,  beyond. 
NEPOTISM,  s.  Fondness  for  nephews.   F.  nefioti^me: 

L.  nefios,  a  nephew. 
NEUROLOGY,  s.  Description  of  the  nerves.  G.  neu- 
ron, a  nerve,  and  logos,  a  description. 
NEUROTOMY,  s.  The  anatomy  of  the  nerves.  G.  neu^ 

ron,  a  nerve,  and  temno,  to  cut. 
NEUTER,  adj.  Neutral;  indifferent;  neither  male  nor 

female.  L.  neuter,  neither. 
NP2UTRAL.  adj.  Indifferent;  not  concerned  in  a  war 

between  other  states;  chemically  inactive.  L.  neutral- 

i.9^— See  NEUTER. 
NIGRESCENT,  adj.    Growing  black.    L.  nigrescens; 

part,  ox  nigresco:  7iiger,h\\.ic\i. 
JSriSI-PRIUS.     In  England,  a  judicial  writ,  by  w^hich 

a  sheriff  is  to  assemble  a  jury  at  Westminster  Hall, 

on  a  certain  day ;   unless,  before  that  day,  the  king's 


NIT— NON 

judges  go  into  the  sheriff's  county,  to  determine 
causes.  This  intention  may  now  be  considered  as  a 
mere  fiction.  L.  nisi,  unless, /2ri?/.9,  before. 

'NITROGEN,  s.  The  principle  of  nitre;  the  chief  in- 
gredient of  atmospheric  air.  L.  nitrum,  nitre,  and  G. 
ge?i7iaa,  to  generate. 

NOCTURNAL,  adj.  In  the  night.  L.  7ioctur?iusi  from 
?zo.r,  night. 

.YOLEA'S  VOLEjYS.  Willing  or  unwilling.  L.  no- 
lens, (part,  of  nolo,)  unwilling;  and  volens,  (part,  of 
c'o/o,)  willing:  the  conjunction,  signifying  or,  is  un- 
derstood, and  the  order  of  the  Latin  is  reversed  in  the 
English  translation. 

JS'^OLLE  PROSEQUI.  To  be  unwilling  to  proceed; 
a  form  used  in  law,  when  the  plaintiff  declines  pro- 
ceeding further;  or  when  the  Attorney-general  wishes 
to  withdraw  an  action.  L.  nolle,  to  be  unwilling, 
prosequi,  to  proceed,  or  prosecute:  from  Jiolo,  and 
firosecjiior.  ^ 

NOMENCLATURE,  s.  Mode  of  giving  names;  a  vo- 
cabulary.   L.  nomenclatura:  nomen,  a  name. 

NOMINAL,  adj.  Referring  to  names,  rather  than 
things;  titular;  not  real.  L.  nominalis;  from  nomen^ 
a  name. 

NOMINATE.  -V.  To  appoint  by  name.  L.  nomino,  from, 
nomeii,  a  name. 

NOMINATIVE,  s.  First  case  in  grammar.  L.  nomi- 
7iativus;  ivorci  no  me  71,  a  name;  because  it  primarily 
displays  the  original  word,  or  name  of  any  thing. 

NONAGE,  s.  Minority  of  years.   L.  non,  not,  and  age. 

J\'OJV  ASSUMPSIT.  He  did  not  assume,  or  under- 
take; a  plea,  in  law,  opposed  to  assumfisit.  L. 

J^OA^CHALAA''CE.  s.  Carelessness;  supineness;  indif- 
ference.   F. 

.VO.V  COMPOS  ME  A/'TIS.  Not  of  sound  mind;  a 
phrase  opposed  to  compos  7ne7itis.    L. 

NONCONDUCTOR,  s.  In  philosophy,  that  which  does 
not  conduct  the  electric  fluid,  heat,  sound.  Sec.  L.  nouy 
not,  and  conductor. 

NONCONFORMIST,  s.  A  dissenter.  L.  non^  not,  ani^ 
conform. 


NON— NOT 

NONENTITY,  s.  A  creature  of  the  imagination.  L. 
7?o«,  not,  and  ens^  a  being. 

NONES,  s.  Certain  days  of  the  Roman  Kalendar, — 
the  7th  day  of  March,  May,  July,  and  October,  and 
the  5th  of  the  remaining  months.  L.  nonce. 

J^'OJV  EST  I^'VEMTUS.  In  law,  signifies,  "  he  has 
not  been  found:"  the  phrase  is  familiarly  used  to  de- 
note a  sudden  disappearance,  or  concealment.  L.  est^ 
he  is,  77,072,  not,  inventus^  found:  (no?i,  sum^  and  in- 
x'enior.J 

NONEXISTENCE.  «.  Negation  of  existence;  a  thing 
not  existing.  L.  72077,  not,  and  existence. 

NONJUROR,  s.  One  who  refuses  to  swear  allegiance, 
E.  72077,  not,  and  J2^?'o,  to  swear. 

NONPAREIL,  s.  That  which  cannot  be  matched;  ex- 
cellence unequaled.  F.  72072,  not,  2ind  Jtareil,  a  match  : 
L.  72077,  and/2a7'. 

NONPLUS,  s.  Inability  to  proceed;  alow  word.  L.  72072, 
not,  and  /ihiSj  jnorc. 

NONSUIT.  V.  To  deprive  of  the  benefit  of  a  legal  pro- 
cess, in  consequence  of  some  failure  in  the  manage- 
ment. L.  non,  not,  and  suit. 

NOSOLOGY.  5.  Doctrine  of  diseases;  G.  7iosos^  a  dis- 
ease, and  log-OS^  a  description. 

NOT  A  BEJVE^  or  N.  B.  "  Observe  this  particularly." 
N.  B.  is  often  used  instead  of  P.  S.  ov  postscrijit;  l3ut 
a  careful  writQr  will  avoid  this  impropriety.  L.  7iota^ 
(imper.  of  noto^)  mark,  bene^  well. 

NOTABLE,  adj.  Remarkable. — (vulgarly,  careful.)  L. 
notabilis;  from  720^0,  to  mark. 

NOTARY,  s.  An  official  recorder.  L.  iiotarius;  from 
72  0^0,  to  mark. 

NOTATION,  s.  The  art  of  recording  or  describing  by 
scientific  marks,  as  in  arithmetic  and  music.  L.  72o;a- 
^20;  from  72 o?o,  to  mark. 

NOTE.  -v.  To  observe;  to  record.  L.  720^0,  to  mark. 

NOTIFY,  -v.  To  make  known.  L.  notrjico;  comp.  of 
notus,  known,  (p.  part,  of  nosco,)  and  facio,  to 
make. 

NOTORIOUS,  adj.  Extensively  known,  (used  in  rela- 
tion to  a  bad  action.)  L.  notorius;  from  72oro,  to 
mark. 


NOU— NUR 

NOURISH.  V.  To  support  by  food;  to  promote  growth 
or  strength;  to  encourage;  to  foment.  F.  nourrir;  L. 
nutrio^  to  nurse. 

NOVEL,  adj.  New;  uncommon.  L.  nove!Iu-9^  dun.  of 
noviis^  new. 

NOVEMBER,  s.  Formerly,  the  ninth  month,  when  the 
year  began  in  March.  L.  yiovcmbrls;  novem^  nuie. 

NOVICE,  s.  An  inexperienced  person  ;  one  who  has 
entered  a  convent,  but  has  not  yet  taken  the  vow.  F. 
7iovice;  L.  novus^  new. 

NOV^ITIATE.  6.  The  state  of  a  novice;  the  time  in 
which  the  rudiments  are  learned;  the  time  spent  in 
a  religious  house  by  way  of  trial,  before  the  vow  is 
made.  F.  noviciat;  L.  -novitius^  newly  made. — See 
NOVICE. 

XOVUS  HOMO.  A  term  used  to  denote  a  man  re- 
cently emerged  from  obscurity,  or  from  a  state  of  com- 
parative indigence.  L.  novus.,  new,  and  hoino^  a  man. 

NOXIOUS,  adj.  Hurtful.  L.  noxlus;  from  7ioxa,  hurt: 
7ioceo,  to  hurt. 

NUCIFEROUS,  adj.  Nut-bearing.  L.  7i2icis,  gen.  of 
nua:,  a  nut,  diudfero,  to  bear. 

NUCLEUS,  s.  A  kernel;  somethhig  about  which  mat- 
ter is  collected.  L.  nucleus^  a  kernel. 

NUDE.  s.  A  female  who  exposes  her  person  by  the 
lightness  or  scantiness  of  her  dress.  L.  nudufi^  naked. 

NUDITY,  s.  Nakedness.  F.  nuditc;  L.  nudus,  naked. 

NUGATORY,  adj.  Trifling;  futile;  insignificant.  L. 
7i7igatoriii8;  from  nug-or,  to  trifle. 

NULL.  adj.  Of  no  force;  extinct.  L.  nullus,  none. 

NUMERAL,  adj.  Relating  to  number.  F.  Jiumeral^  L. 
7iuvierus^  a  number. 

NUMERICALLY,  adv.  With  regard  to  the  number, 
but  not  the  quality. — See  NUMERAL. 

NUMEROUS,  ac^y.  Great  in  number;  many.  'L.77u?ne)'o- 
sus;  from  7ium€rus^  a  number. 

NUPTIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  marriage.  L.  TiufitialiH ; 
Tiufitia^  a  wedding. 

NURSE,  s.  A  woman  that  has  the  care  of  a  child,  or  of 
a  sick  person;  one  w^ho  rears,  educates,  or  protects. 
F.  iiourrice.—^QQ  NOURISH. 
[17] 


NUR— .OJBL 

NURTURE.  V.  To  feed;  to  bring  to  maturity;  to 
educate.  ¥.  nourriture^  sustenance. — See  NURSE. 

NUTRIMENT.  *.  Food.  L.  nutrimentum;  from.  7i2itrio, 
to  nurse. 

NUTRITIOUS,  adj,  Nourisliing.  L.  nutritius;  from 
nutrio^  to  nurse. 

NYMPH,  s.  A  goddess  of  the  woods,  meadows,  or 
waters;  in  poetry,  a  young  female.  L.  7iyni/iha;  G. 
numphe^  a  bride.  This  sense  does  not,  however,  ac- 
cord either  with  the  heathen,  or  the  present  applica- 
tion, of  the  word. 


O. 

OBDURATE,  adj.  Stubborn;  impenitent,  L.  obdura- 

tiis,  part,  of  obdiiro;  ob^  against,  and  duro,  to  harden. 
OBEDIENT,  adj.  Submissive  to  authority;  obsequious. 

L.  obediens. — See  OBEY. 
OBEISANCE,  s.  An  act  of  submission,  or  reverence; 

a  bow,  or  courtesy.  F.  obeisance. — See  OBEY. 
OBELISK,  s.  A  monument,  generally  of  four  sides,  and 

pyramidical;  a  mark  (f)  referring  to  the  margin.  L. 

obeliscus;  G.  obelos,  a  mark. 
OBESITY.   6'.  High  degree  of  corpulence.   L.  obesus^ 

fat. 
OBEY.  V.  To  submit  to  authority;  to  comply  with.  L. 

obeo,  to  go  to,  or  be  ready  at:  ob,  according  to,  and 

eo,  to  go. 
OBIIT,  V.  He  (or  she)  died.  L.  obeo<,  to  go  to,  or  die. 

—See  OBEY. 
OB'JECT.  s.  Something  throwji  or  placed  before  the 

eye;  something  in  view;  something  acted  on.  L.  ob- 

jectus,  p.  part,  of  objicio:  from  o/j,  before,  or  against, 

and  jacio,  to  throw,  or  place. 
OBJECT'.  V.  To  oppose;  (with  io  or  against.^ — See 

the  noun. 
OBJECTIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  the  object;  s.  the  third 

case  in  the  majority  of  English  grammars. — See  OB'- 
JECT. 
OBLATE,  adj.  Partaking  of  flatness.  L.  oblatiis.,  (n. 


OBL— -OBS 

part,  oi  offer  0,)  struck,  or  forced:  oZ?,  against,  and  Ze- 
ro, to  bear. 

OBLATION,  s.  A  relis^ious  sacrifice.  L.  oblatus^  p. 
part,  of  offero^  to  offer. 

OBLIGATION,  s.  Bindin?^  power;  contract;  duty;  fa- 
vour conferred.  L.  ob/ig-afio. — See  OBLIGE. 

(OBLIGE.  V.  To  bind;  to  compel;  to  do  a  kind  action, 
and  thus  bind  the  person  favoured,  by  a  tie  of  grati- 
tude. F.  obliger;  L.  obiigo:  ob,  according  to,  or  by 
reason  of,  and  ligo,  to  bind. 

OBLIQUE,  adj.  Not  direct;  not  parallel;  not  perpen- 
dicular. L,  obligutis;  from  06,  against,  or  about,  and 
lictusy  p.  part,  of  linquo,  to  leave,  or  forsake. 

OBLITERATE,  in- To  blot  out;  to  destroy.  L.  cblite- 
ro;  comp.  of  06,  against,  and  litera^  a  letter. 

OBLIVION.  6-.  Forgetfulness;  amnesty.  L.  oblivio; 
from  06,  against,  and  la-vo^  to  wash. 

OBLOQUY,  s.  Censure;  slander;  reproach.  L.  oblo- 
(juor^  to  reproach;  comp.  of  ob^  against,  and  loquor^  to 
speak. 

OBNOXIOUS,  adj.  Injurious;  considered  with  aver- 
sion. This  word  is  frequently  used  in  other  senses, 
but  erroneously,  or  through  affectation.  L.  obfioxius: 
06,  against,  7io.ra.,  hurt. 

OBSCURE,  adj.  Dark;  abstruse;  little  known.  L.  ob- 
scnrus,  dusky, 

OBSEQUIES.  V.  Funeral  solcmniiies.  F.  obseques; 
from  the  L.  obsequium^  attendance  on  some  great 
person:   obsequor.,  to  follow. 

OBSEQUIOUS,  adj.  Meanly  compliant.  L.  obsequio- 
sus;  from  ob^  according  to,  and  seqiior^  to  follow. 

OBSOLETE,  adj.  Disused.  L.  obsoletus;  from  obsoleo: 
ob.,  against,  and  fiolro^  to  use. 

OBSTACLE,  s.  Obstruction.  F.  obfituclc;  L.  ob,  against, 
and  .?ra,  to  stand. 

OBSTETRIC,  adj.  Relating  to  midwifery.  L.  obstetrlx, 
a  midwife. 

OBSTINATE,  adj.  Stubborn.  L.  ohstinatus,  part,  of 
obstifio:  comp.  of  ob,  against,  and  teneo,  to  hold. 

OBSTRUCT.  V.  To  impede;  to  hinder.  L.  rybstructiun^ 
sup.  of  obstruj;  from  oh,  against,  and  fitruxi,  to  pile  u]). 


OBT—OCT 

OBTAIN.  V.  To  gain;  to  acquire;  to  procure.  L.  obti- 

7ieo:   ob^  against,  and  teneo^  to  hold. 
OBTRUDE.  XK  To  enter  by  force  or  imposture;  to  of- 
fer  intrusively.    L.  obtrudo;    from   ob,    against,  and 

trudo^  to  thrust. 
OBTRUSION.  5.  The  act  of  obtruding.  L.  obtrususy 

p.  part,  of  obtrudo. — See  OBTRUDE. 
OBTUSE,  adj.  Blunt ;^ — opposed  to^  acute.    L.  obiuf^iis, 

p.  part,  of  obtundo;  comp.  of  ob^  against,  and  tundo^ 

to  beat; — that  is,  made  blunt  by  being  beaten. 
OBVIATE.  V.  To   avert  or  remove,  by  meeting  the 

obstruction  in  its  way  or  passage.  L.  ob^  against,  and 

x'/a,  a  way. 
OBVIOUS,  adj.  Easily  perceived.  L.  obviiis^  meeting 

in  the  way;  comp.  of  ab^  against,  and  via^  a  way. 
OCCASION,  s.  Occurrence;  incident;  opportunity.  L. 

occasio;  from  06,  for,  or  against,  and  casus^  a  chance. 
OC'CIDENTAL.  adj.  Western.    L.  occidentalis;  occi- 

dens^  the  west:  from  occido,  to  fall  down;  alluding  to 

the  setting  of  the  sun. 
OCCLUSION,  s.  Shutting  out.   L.  occlusio;  from  oby 

against,  and  clausuniy  sup.  oi  claudo,  to  shut. 
OCCULT,  adj.  Hidden;  abstruse.  L.  occultus;  p.  part. 

of  occuloy  to  hide. 
OCCUPY.  V.  To  hold.  L.  occufio;  comp.  of  06,  before, 

and  cafiio^  to  take. 
OCCUR.  X*.  To  enter  into  the  mind;  to  happen.  L.  oc- 

curro;  from  ob^  against,  and  curro^  to  run. 
OCELLATED.  *.  Resembling  the  eye.    L.  ocellatus; 

oc7{lus,  an  eye. 
OCTAGON,    s.  A   figure   containing  eight   sides  and 

angles.  G.  okto^  ^'ight,  and  gonia,  a  corner. 
OCTANGULAR,  adj.  Having   eight  angles.  L.  ocio, 

eight,  and  a7igulus^  an  angle. 
OCTAVE.    .9.  In  music,   an   eighth,  or  an  interval  of 

eight  sounds.  L.  octavusy  eight. 
OCTAVO.  6'.  A  book,  the  leaves  of  which  are  equal  in 

size  to  the  eighth  part  of  a  sheet.  L.  abl.  oi  octaxnis. 

the  eighth. 
OCTENNIAL,    adj.   Happening    every    eighth    year; 

lusting  eight  years.  L.  octo^  eight,  and  annus.)  a  year. 


OCT— OLF 

OCTOBER,  s.  The  eig-hth  month,  when  the  year  be- 
gan in  March.  L.  October;  from  octo,  eight. 

OCTUPLE,  adj.  Eight  fold.  L.  octuplii^;  from  octo^ 
eight. 

OCULAR,  adj.  Relating  to  perception  by  sight.  F.  ocu- 
laire:  L.  oculus^  an  eye. 

OCULIST,  s.  An  eye-surgeon.  L.  oculus,  an  eye. 

ODE.  s.  A  poem  intended  to  be  sung.  G.  ode;  from 
aeido^  to  sing. 

ODIOUS,  adj.  Hateful;  detestable.  L.  ot/io.s«5.— See 
ODIUM. 

ODIUM,  s.  Quality  of  provoking  dislil..e;  disgrace.  L. 
odimnj  dislike. 

ODORIFEROUS,  a r//.  Fragrant.  L.  odorifcr;  from  odor, 
scent,  and/*??'©,  to  bring. 

OFFEND.  V.  To  displease;  to  transgress.  L.  offendo^ 
to  strike  against. 

OFFENSIVE,  adj.  Offending;  assailing;  opposed  to 
defensive;  displeasing;  disgusting;  painful.  F.  offen- 
sif;  L.  o^ensusj  p.  part,  oi  offejido. — See  OFFEND 

OFFER.  V.  To  present;  to  attempt.  L.  offeror  comp.  of 
o3,  for,  or  against,  and/t^ro,  to  bring. 

OFFICE,  .s.  A  public  charge  or  employment;  agency; 
business;  a  place  for  transacting  business.  F.  office: 
L.  officium^  employment:  comp.  of  ob^  for,  and  facio^ 
to  do. 

OFFICIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  an  office;  published  by  the 
proper  office,  and  thus  made  authentic.  F.  official. — 
See  OFFICE. 

OFFICIATE,  -u.  To  perform  the  business  of  an  office. 
—See  OFFICE. 

OFFICIOUS,  adj.  Though  this  word  originally  ex- 
pressed doing  good  offices^  which  meaning  is  in  exact 
accordance  with  its  etymology,  it  is  now  rarely  used 
except  to  denote  intrusively  active.  F.  officieux;  L. 
ojgiciosus. — See  OFFICE. 

OIL.  s.  The  expressed  juice  of  olives;  any  thin,  greasy- 
matter.  L.  oleum:  olea.^  an  olive  tree. 

OLEAGINOUS,  adj.   Oily.    L.  oleaginus;  from   olea^ 

an  olive  tree,  and  genus,  a  kind.— See  OIL. 
OLFACTORY,  adj.  Having  the  sense  of  smelling.  F. 
olfactoire:  L.  olfacio^  to  smell  to. 


OLI— OPI 

OLIGARCHY,  s.  Government  by  a  few.  G.  oligarchia; 

from  olig-os,  a  few,  and  arche^  government. 
OMEN.  s.  A  prognostic.  L.  omen:  G.  oimai^  to  consi- 
der, or  suppose. 
OMINOUS,  adj.  Betokening;  generally  considered  in- 

auspiciously,  or  in  an  unfavourable  sense.    L.  omino- 

sus. — See  OMEN. 
OMISSION,  s.  The  act  of  omitting;  thing  omitted.  L. 

omissus^  p.  part,  oi  ojnitto. — See  OMIT. 
OMIT.  V.  To  leave  out;  to  neglect.  L.  omitto^  to  throw 

aside. 
OMNIPOTENT,  adj.  Almighty.  L.  omnipoteiis;  comp. 

of  ojnnis^   all,  and  fiotens^   (part,   of  possuvi^  being 

able. 
OMNIPRESENT,  adj.  In  every  place.  L.  omnis^  all, 

and  fircssens^  being  present. 
OMNISCIENT,  adj.  Knowing  every  thing.  L.  onmis, 

all,  and  sciens^  part,  of  sciOs  to  know. 
OMNIUM,  .s.  The  aggregate  of  certain  portions  of  dif- 
ferent stocks  in  the  English  funds.  L.  omnium^  of  all; 

gen.  pi.  of  omnis. 
ONEROUS,  adj.  Oppressive.  L.  onerosus;  from  omis, 

a  burthen. 
ONOMANCY.  s.  Pretended  divination  by  a  name.  G. 

onoma^  a  name,  and  manteia^  a  foretelling. 
ONTOLOGY,  s.  The  doctrine  of  being  or  existence. 

G.  o«,  being,  and  logosy  a  description. 
OA'US  PROBAKDI.  The  burthen  of  proving.  L.  onus,^ 

a  burthen,   and  firohandi^  gen.  gerund  of  firobo,  to 

prove. 
OPACITY,   s.   Cloudiness;   want  of  transparency,    F, 

ojiacite;  L.  ojiacitas. — See  OPAQUE. 
OPAQUE,  adj.  Cloudy;  not  transparent.  F.  ofiaque;  L. 

o/iacus;  from  opaco,  to  shade. 
OPERATE.  V.  To  act;  to  produce  effect.  L.  operorj 

from  o/uisy  work. 
OPEROSE.  adj.  Laborious.    L.  oJierosiis.-See  OPE- 
RATE. 
OPHTHALMIA,  s.  A  disorder  of  the  eyes.    G.  oji/i- 

thahnos,  an  eye. 
OPIATE.  5.  A  medicine  that  promotes  sleep.  G.  o/iio??^ 

the  juice  of  poppies. 


OPl— ORB 

OPINION,  s.  Conjecture;  sentiments;  judgment.  L. 
ojiinio;  from  ojiinor^  to  think. 

OPPONENT.  *.  One  who  opposes.  L.  ofilionens^  (part. 
of  oji^iono^)  opposing. — See  OPPOSE. 

OPPORTUNITY,  .f.  Convenient  point  of  time;  con- 
venience. L,  opjiortiuiitas;  from  06,  in  the  way  of,  and 
jiorto^  to  carry, 

OPPOSE.  V.  To  obstruct;  to  hinder.  L.  o/ifiositum, 
sup.  of  optiono;  from  06,  against,  and //owo,  to  place. 

OPPOSITE,  adj.  Standing  in  front;  contrary. — See 
OPPOSE. 

OPPRESS.  V,  To  overpower;  to  tyrannise  over,  L. 
ofijiressiiin^  sup.  o£  op/irimo:  ob,  against,  and /irf'^^o, 
to  press. 

OPPROBRIOUS,  adj.  Reproachful;  scurrilous.  L.  c/i- 
fu'obriumj  disgrace:  ob,  against,  and  firobrum^  de- 
formity. 

OPPUGN.  V.  To  oppose;  to  resist.  Oppugn  is  an  af- 
fected, and  unnecessary  word.  L.  ofipugno;  ob^  against, 
^tA  pugno^  to  fight. 

OPTICIAN.  8.  One  skilled  in  optics;  a  maker  of  opti- 
cal instruments. — See  OPTICS. 

OPTICS.  8.  The  science  of  the  laws  of  vision.  G.  op.-Ss 
an  eye. 

OPTIMISM.  8.  The  doctrine  that  every  thing  is  order- 
ed for  the  best.  F.  optimisme;  from  the  L,  optimus^ 
best. 

OPTION,  s.  Choice.  L.  optio;  from  opto^  to  choose, 

OPULENT,  adj.  Wealthy.  L.  opulens:  opes.,  riches; 
from  opis.,  power. 

ORx\CLE.  8.  One  who  conveys  information  by  super- 
natural wisdom;  or  by  pretended  supernatural  wis- 
dom, as  the  oracle  at  Delphos;  the  place  where  the 
information  is  delivered ;  a  person  famed  for  wisdom. 
L.  oracuhnn;  oro,  to  speak. 

ORAL.  adj.  Delivered  by  the  mouth;  not  written.  F. 
oral;  L.  oris,  gen.  of  0.9,  the  mouth. 

ORATOR.  8.  A  public  speaker;  a  man  of  eloquence.  L, 
orator;  from  oro,  to  speak. 

ORB.  s.  A  sphere;  cii-cuiar  body;  circle;  line  described 
by  a  planet.  L.  orbis,  a  round  thing  of  any  kind. 

ORBICULAR,  adj.  Spherical  j  circular  .—Sec  ORB 


ORB— ORP 

ORBIT.  5-.  The  line  described  by  the  revolution  of  a 
planet.  L.  orbita. — See  ORB. 

ORCHESTRA,  or  ORCHESTRE.  s.  The  place  where 
the  musicians  sit  in  a  theatre,  or  bail  room.  G.  orches- 
tra; from  orcheoinaii  to  dance, — alluding  to  the  dancing 
choristers  of  a  Greek  theatre. 

ORDAIN.  V.  To  appoint;  to  decree;  to  invest  with 
the  sacerdotal  office.  L.  ordino:  from  ordo^  a  rule  or 
law. 

ORDINAL,  adj.  Relating  to  numerical  position  ;  as, 
first,  second,  third.  L.  ordinalis;  from  ordo,  order  or 
rank. 

ORDINANCE,  s.  A  law;  appointment.  F.  ordonnance. 
—See  ORDAIN. 

ORDINARY,  adj.  Established;  common;  of  low  rank. 
L.  ordinarius. — See  ORDAIN. 

ORDINATION,  s.  Established  order  or  tendency;  in- 
vestment of  the  sacerdotal  office.  L.  ordinatio. — See 
ORDAIN. 

ORGAN,  s.  Natural  instrument;  as  the  ear,  which  is 
the  organ  of  hearing, — the  eye,  of  sight;  a  sort  of 
musical  instrument.  F.  organe:  G.  organon^  an  instru- 
ment: orge^  force;  or  ergon^  work. 

ORGANIZE,  adj.  To  arrange,  so  that  all  the  parts 
may  co-operate. — See  ORGAN. 

ORGIES,  s.  Frantic  revels.  G.  orgia;  from  orge^  vehe- 
ment ardour. 

ORIENTAL,  adj.  Eastern.  F.  oriental;  L.  oriens,  the 
east;  from  orior,  to  arise. 

ORIFICE,  s.  An  opening,  or  perforation.  L.  orijicium; 
from  oris.,  gen.  of  05,  a  mouth,  or  gap,  and  facio^  to 
make. 

ORIGIN,  s.  Beginning;  source.  L.  origo;  from  orior^ 
to  arise. 

ORIGINAL,  ac//.  Primitive;  not  copied  from  another. 
L.  origiyialis.'—See  ORIGIN. 

ORISONS,  s.  Prayers.  F.  oraisons:  L.  oro,  to  beg. 

ORNAMENT,  s.  Embellishment.  L.  ornamentmn:  or- 
no.,  to  adorn. 

ORPHAN,  s.  A  child  who  has  lost  its  parents,  or  one 
of  its  parents.  G.  orphanos^  destitute. 


ORT— OVI 

ORTHODOXY,  s.  Supposed  infallibility  of  opinion 
and  doctrine.  G.  orthodoxia;  orthos,  right,  and  dokco, 
to  perceive. 

ORTHOEPY.  *.  The  science  of  right  pronunciation. 
G.  orthos^  right,  and  epos^  a  word. 

ORTHOGON.  s.  A  rectangular  figure.  G.  or//i 05,  right, 
and  gonia^  an  angle. 

ORTHOGRAPHY,  s.  Knowledge  of  spelling.  G.  or- 
t/iosy  right,  and  grajiho^  to  write. 

OSCILLATION,  s.  The  act  of  moving  backward  and 
forward  like  a  pendulum.  L.  oscillum^  an  image,  sus- 
pended and  swung  in  the  air,  by  the  heathen  wor- 
shipers. G.  ossio-o.,  to  render  holy. 

OSSIFY.  V.  To  change  to  bone.  L.  os,  a  bone,  and^o, 
to  become. 

OSTENSIVE.  adj.  Avowed;  shown.  F.  ostensif.  L. 
ostensus^  p.  part,  of  ostendo:  os^  the  face,  and  tendo, 
to  stretch  forth. 

OSTENTATION,  s.  Ambitious  display.  L.  ostentatio. 
—See  OSTENSIVE. 

OSTRACISM,  s.  Public  sentence  inscribed,  by  each 
voter,  upon  a  shell.  G.  ostrakismos;  from  ostrakon,  a 
shell. 

OUTRE',  adj.  Uncommon;  different  from  the  usual 
mode.  F. 

OVAL.  adj.  Not  quite  round,  but  oblate  at  the  ends  or 
poles.  F.  ovale:  L.  ovum.,  an  t.^%. 

OVATION,  s.  A  lesser  Roman  triumph.  L.  ovatio: 
from  ovis<f  a  sheep;  because,  on  this  occasion,  the  vic- 
tor sacrificed  a  sheep ;  but,  in  the  greater  triumph, 
he  sacrificed  a  bull. 

OVERPLUS,  s.  Surplus.  Compounded  of  over,  and 
L.  filiis^  more. 

OVERT,  adj.  Open;  public.  F.  ouvert,  part,  of  ouvi^ir, 
to  open. 

OVERTURE.  .9.  First  proposal;  musical  prelude.  F. 
ouvert2ir€;  from  ouvrir.^  to  open;— that  is,  to  begin. 

OVIFORM,  s.  Having  the  form  of  an  q^'^.  L.  ovum^ 
an  egg,  and ybrwa,  figure. 

OVIPAROUS,  adj.  Bringing  forth  eggs.  L.  ovum,  an 
egg,  and  Jiario^  to  bring  forth. 


OXA— PAN 

OXALIC,  adj.  The  acid  denominated  oxalic,  is  found 
ill  the  juice  of  sorrel.  L.  oxalis,  wild  sorrel. 

OXIDE,  s.  Any  substance  combining  oxygen,  in  a  pro- 
portion not  sufficient  to  produce  acidity. — See  OXY- 
GEN. 

OXYGEN,  s.  The  principle  of  acids,  and  of  combustion, 
and  a  necessary  agent  in  the  support  of  animal  life. 
G.  oxus,  an  acid,  and  gerinao^  to  generate. 

OYER  AND  TERMINER.  A  judicial  commission 
given  "  to  hear  and  determhie."  F.  oyer^  to  hear,  and 
terminer^  to  end  or  determine. 


P. 

PABULUM,  s.  Food;  support.  L.  from/zasco,  to  feed. 

PACIFY.  V.  To  appease.  V.pacijier;  lu.fiacijico;  comp. 
of /ma",  peace,  and  yaczo,  to  make. 

PALE.  s.  A  rail  or  post;  an  enclosure;  district.  "L.  pa- 
liis,  a  post. 

PALISADE,  s.  A  defence  made  of  pales.  F.  palisade; 
L.  palus^  a  post. 

PALLADIUM,  s.  Properly,  a  statue  of  Pallas^  (Miner- 
va,)  which,  it  was  said,  fell  from  heaven,  and  on  the 
preservation  of  which,  it  was  imagined,  depended  the 
safety  of  Troy :  it  was  accordingly  stolen  from  the 
city  by  Ulysses  and  Diomedes.  Palladium  is  gene- 
rally used  to  denote  some  great  preserver  of  a  coun- 
try's liberty  ;  as  the  trial  by  jury,  or  freedom  of  the 
press. 

PALLET,  a.  A  small  bed.  F.  paille^  straw. 

PALLIATE.  X'.  To  excuse.  \^.  pallio;  ivom. pallium^  a 
cloak. 

PALLID.  adj.Vc\\c.  I.,  pallklus,  pale. 

PALPABLE,  adj.  Perceptible  by  the  touch;  easily  de- 
tected. F.  palpable;  from  palpor,  to  feel  in  the  dark, 
or  grope. 

PALPITATE.  V.  To  beat  as  the  heart.  L.  palpito,  to 
pant. 

PALSY,  s.  An  abbreviation  of  Paralysis. 

PANACEA,  s.  A  universal  medicine.  G.  panakcia; 
pan^  all,  and  akos.,  a  cure. 


PAN— PAR 

PAN  ADO.  «.  Food  made  of  bread  and  water.  L,. /lanis, 
bread. 

PANDECT,  s.  A  treatise  which  comprehends  the  whole 
of  any  science;  the  digest  of  the  civil  law.  L,./ia?idcc- 
ta;  G.  /2a?i,  all,  and  dechomai^  to  admit. 

PANEGYRIC.  5.  An  encomiastic  composition;  praise. 
F.  pancgyrique;  G.  fianeguris:  fian,  all,  and  agureoy 
to  collect;  nicaning,  to  rehearse  all  worthy  deeds. 

PANOPLY,  s.  Complete  armour.  G.  tianofilia;  from 
/za/z,  all,  and  ojila^  armour. 

PANORAMA.  8,  A  very  large  painting,  extended  in  a 
kind  of  theatre,  and  exhibiting  a  view  of  a  city,  or  of 
some  grandly  interesting  occurrence,  such  as  a  con- 
flagration or  a  battle.  G.  iian^  all,  and  orama^  a  view. 

PANTHEON,  s.  A  temple  of  all  the  heathen  gods;  a 
book  describing  the  heathen  gods.  G. /i an theioij  com]}. 
of /m«,  all,  and  theos^  a  god. 

PANTOMIME,  s,  A  theatrical  drama  of  action,  with- 
out speech.  F.  pantomime:  G.  pan^  all,  and  7ni7nosy  a 
mimic. 

PANTRY,  s.  A  closet  for  provisions.  Y .  panatci-ie ;  pam^ 
bread :  L.  panis^  bread. 

PAPAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  Pope.  L.  papa,  a  fond 
name  for  father.  G.  pappas, 

PAPAVEROUS,  adj.  Resembling  poppies.  L./m/za- 
x-er,  a  poppy. 

PAPER,  s.  In  French, /m/2/er:  ivoin  papyrus^  an  Egyp- 
tian shrub;  of  which,  paper  was  originally  made. 

PAPILLARY,  adj.  Having  vessels  resembling  teats.  L. 
papilla,  a  nipple,  or  teat. 

PAR.  s.  State  of  equality;  equal  value.  IL.  par,  equal. 

PARABLE,  s.  A  similitude.  G.  parabole;  comp.  of 
para,  alike,  and  ballo,  to  deliver,  or  teach ; — that  is, 
to  teach  one  thing,  by  another  which  resembles  it. 

PARADE,  s.  Show;  review  or  exercise  of  a  military 
corps;  place  of  military  exercise.  Y.  parade;  \u.pareoy 
to  appear. 

PARADISE,  s.  Garden  of  Eden;  celestial  abode.  G. 
paradeisos,  a  garden:  from  a  Hebrew  word,  denoting 
a  place  set  with  fruitful  trees. 

PARADOX,  s.  A  position  seemingly  absurd,  'occause 
contrary  to  some  received  opinion, — yet,  true  in  fact. 


PAR— PAR 

G.  fiaradoxos:  fiara^  contrary  to,  and  doxos^  au 
opinion. 

PARAGOGE.  s.  A  figure,  by  which  a  letter  or  syllable 
is  affixed  to  a  word,  without  adding  any  thing  to  its 
sense.  G.  fiaragoge:  jiarago^  to  extend. 

PARAGON,  s.  A  model;  something  extremely  well 
formed.  G.  para^  from,  and  ago^  to  form. 

PARAGRAPH,  s.  A  distinct  part  of  a  discourse.  G. 
paragraphs;  from  para^  through,  and  grapho,  to 
write  :  meaning,  through  the  subject. 

PARALLAX,  s.  The  distance  between  the  true  and 
apparent  place  of  the  sun,  or  any  star,  viewed  from 
the  earth.   G.  parallaxis^  a  difference. 

PARALLEL,  adj.  Extended  in  the  same  direction,  and 
preserving  always  the  same  distance  ;  equal  ;  iike.  G. 
pcarallelos;  from  para^  by  the  side,  and  allos^  an- 
other. 

PARALLELOGRAM.  .9.  A  right  lined  quadrilateral 
figure,  the  opposite  sides  of  w^hich  are  parallel  and 
equal.  G.  parallelos^  (see  parallel,)  and  gramma^  a 
figure. 

PARALOGY,  s.  False  reasoning.  G.para^  against,  and 
logos,  reason. 

PARALYSE.  V.  To  effect  by  a  paralysis ;  to  enfeeble 
by  contention.—See  PARALYSLS. 

PARALYSIS,  s.  A  palsy.  G.  paralusis;  from  para, 
through,  and  /wo,  to  untie  ;  meaning  the  sinews.  Sec. 

PARAMOUR,  s.  A  lover,  or  wooer  ;  a  mistress.  F.par, 
for,  and  amour,  love,  or  a  love  intrigue. 

PARAPHERNALIA,  s.  Goods  which  a  wife  has  a  le- 
gal property  in,  besides  her  dower  ;  suitable  apparel 
and  ornaments  of  a  wife.  G.para,  besides,  and  plierne, 
a  dower. 

PARAPHRASE,  s.  A  loose  translation.  G.  para,  alike, 
or  resembling,  and  phrasis,  a  speech. 

PARASITE,  s.  One  who  frequents  the  tables  of  the 
rich,  and  earns  his  welcome  by  flattery.  G.  parasitos; 
from  para,  near  to,  and  sitos,  corn, — meaning,  a  well 
stored  table. 

PARASOL,  s.  A  portable  shelter  from  the  sun.  G.  pa- 
ra, against,  and  L.  sol,  the  sun. 


PAR— PAR 

PAREGORIC,  adj.  An  assuaging  medicine.  G.  Jiare- 
goreo^  to  mitigate. 

PARENT.  .9.  A  father  or  mother.  Y.  parent:  L,.  parens; 
from  /lario,,  to  beget,  or  bring  forth. 

PARENTHESIS,  s.  A  word  or  sentence  so  included 
within  another  sentence,  as  that  it  may  be  omitted 
without  injuring  the  sense  of  that  which  encloses  it. 
Marked  thus  (  ).  G.  jiara^  with,  en.,  in,  and  thesis,  a 
position. 

PAR  EXCELLEjYCE.  By  way  of  eminence.  F.  Jiar, 
by,  and  excellence,  excellence. 

PARHELION,  s.  A  mock  sun,  or  contiguous  resem- 
blance of  the  sun.  G.  para,  near,  and  helios,  the  sun. 

PARIETAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  parietes. — See  PA- 
^     RIETES. 

PARIETES.  s.  In  anatomy,  a  term  used  for  the  enclo- 
sures, or  membranes,  which  stop  up  or  close  the  hol- 
low parts  of  the  body;  such  as  those  of  the  heart  and 
thorax.  L.  pi.  ol paries,  a  wall. 

PARI  PASSU.  VVith  an  equal  pace;  by  a  similar  gra- 
dation, lu.pari,  with  an  equal, /zcs.sw,  pace;  abl.  oi par, 
and  passus. 

PARITY,  s.  Equality.  Y.parite;  \u.  paritas;  from,  par, 
equal. 

PARLEY,  s.  Conference;  short  treaty.  F.  parler,  to 
speak. 

PARLIAMENT,  s.  The  ancient  legislative  assembly 
of  the  states  of  France ;  the  present  British  legislature. 
Y .  parlement,  (^^ovmeYly,  parliaine^it,)  h^om  parler,  to 
speak. 

PARLOUR,  s.  A  domestic  sitting-room.  F.  parloirj 
from  parler,  to  speak,  or  converse. 

PAROCHIAL,  adj.  Relating  to  a  parish.  L.  parochia, 
a  parish;  Q.  para,  near  to,  and  oikeo,  to  dwell; — re* 
ferring  to  an  ancient  convent:  the  inhabitants  of  which 
had  the  charge  of  a  district,  such  as  we  now  denomi- 
nate a  parish. 

PARODY,  s.  A  literary  imitation.  G.  parodia:  para, 
opposite  to,  and  ode,  a  song;  that  is,  a  different  sub- 
ject, in  the  same  style. 

PAROLE,  s.  A  verbal  pledge  of  honour.  F.  parole^  a 
word. 

[18] 


PAR— PAR 

PAROXYSM,  s.  Periodical  action  of  a  disease^  a  fit, 
G.  paroxusmosi  from /2ara,  through,  and  oxuno^  to 
sharpen. 
PARRICIDE,   s.  The  murder  of   a  parent.    L.  pari' 

cidium;  from  parens^  a  parent,  and  ccedo^  to  kill. 
PARSE.  V.  To  analyze  a  sentence,  into  the  several  parts 

of  speech.  L.  jiartio^  to  divide. 
PARSIMONY,  s.  Extreme  frugality.    L.  parsimo7iia; 

from  parco^  to  save,  or  reserve. 
PARSON,    s.  A   corruption   of  persona,  person;    be- 
cause, in  his  person,  (according  to  sir  E.  Coke,)  the 
church,  which  is  an  invisible  body,  is  represented. 
PART.  s.  A  portion;  member;  share.  See.    L. /zars,  a 

part. 
PARTAKE.  V.  To  have  a  part  of.    Comp.  o^pari,  and 

take. 
PARTERRE,  s.  A  selected  piece  of  ground,  separated 
by  a  fence.    F.  parterre :  parti,  divided,  and  terre, 
land. 
PARTIAL.  «f/;.  Favouring  one  party;   affecting  only 

one  part.  F.  partial. — See  PART. 
PARTICIPATE.  V.  To  partake;   to  share,    h.  parti- 

cipo;  from  pars,  a  part,  and  capio,  to  take. 
PARTICIPLE,  s.  A  word  which,  besides  its  primary 
quality  of  verb,  partakes  occasionally  of  the  quality  of 
a  substantive    and    adjective.    L.  participium. — See 
PARTICIPATE. 
PARTICLE,  s.  Any  small  portion  of  a  greater  sub- 
stance; a  (little)  word  unvaried  by  inflection.  \u.  par- 
ticula,  dim.  of  pars,  a  part. 
PARTICULAR,    adj.   Single;    distinct;    not   general; 
uncommon,   &c.    L.  particula,    a    small   part. — See 
PARTICLE. 
PARTITION.  8.  Division,  lu.  partitio:  partitus,  p.  part. 

o{ partio,  to  divide. 
PARTITIVE,  adj.  In  grammar,  signifies  distributive; 
as  each,  or  every.  L.  partio,  to  part  or  divide :  pars,  a 
part. 
PARTURITION,  s.  State  of  travail,  or  labour,  h.par- 
turio,  to  be  in  travail;  imm  partus,  p.  part,  oipario, 
to  bring  forth  young. 
PARTY,  s.  A  nimiber  of  persons  confederated  in  oppo- 


PAS— PAT 

bition  to  others;  a  faction;  one,  of  two  or  more  liti- 
gants; a  select  assembly,  &c.  Y,  iiartie. — See  PART. 

PASCHAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  passover.  G.  pascha^ 
a  passing  over. 

PASSIM.  In  various  places;  here  and  there:  a  term 
used  by  authors,  when  referring  generally  to  the  writ- 
ings of  another,  without  severally  quoting  the  pages. 
L.  /lassini^  every  where. 

PASSIVE,  adj.  Unresisting;  suffering;  not  active,  but 
being  the  object  of  action.  L,  /lassivus;  from  Jiatior, 
to  suffer. 

PASTOR,  s.  A  shepherd;  a  clergyman.  L.  pastor; 
pasco^  to  feed. 

PASTURE,  s.  Grazing  land.  F.  pasture;  'L.pastus; 
from  pascoj  to  feed. 

PATENT,  s.  An  exclusive  privilege.  F.  patent:  L.  pa- 
tio r,  to  allow. 

PATERNAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  father. 
L.  Jiaternus;  from  pater.,  a  father. 

PATER-NOSTER.  «.  The  name  of  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
by  the  Roman  Catholic  church;  because,  pater  and 
noster^  (our  father,)  are  the  first  two  words  of  that 
prayer.  L.  pater^  a  father,  and  noster,  our. 

PATHETIC,  a^//.  Affecting  the  finer  passions.  G.  pa- 
t/ietikos.—See  PATHOS'. 

PATHOLOGY,  s,  That  part  of  medical  science  which 
treats  of  the  distempers  incident  to  the  human  body, 
w4th  their  differences,  causes,  and  effects.  Q.  pathos., 
a  disease,  and  logos,  a  description. 

PATHOS,  s.  Strong  feeling;  the  feeling  or  expression 
of  some  passion;  energy.  G. //a/Z/os,  passion. 

PATIENT,  adj.  Not  easily  provoked;  calm  under  af- 

'     fliction.  h.  patieiis;  ^von\  patior,  to  suffer. 

PATIENT,  s.  A  person  suffering  pain,  in  consequence 
of  disease.-— See  the  adjective. 

PATRIARCH,  s.  The  father  of  a  tribe.  G.  patriarchcs; 
comp.  of  patria,  a  family,  and  archos,  a  chief 

PATRICIAN,  adj.  Senatorial;  noble;  not  plebeian.  L. 
Patricias;  pater.,  a  father. 

PATRIMONY,  s.  An  estate  possessed  by  inheritance, 
L.  patrimonium;  pater,  a  fatliCr. 


PAT— PED 

PATRIOT,  s.  An  active  lover  of  his  country,  h./iatria^ 
one's  country,  or  native  soil. 

PATRON,  s.  One  who  countenances,  supports,  or  pro- 
tects; one  who  has  the  appointment  to  an  ecclesiasti- 
cal preferment.  T .  patron  ;  \u.  jiatronus:  jiater-^  a  fa- 
ther. 
;  PATRONYMIC,  s.  A  name  expressing  that  of  the 
father  or  ancestor:  as,  Tydides,  the  son  of  Tydeus; 
O'Neil,  the  son  of  Neil,  Mac  Gregor,  the  son  of  Grc- 
gor.  G.  patronumikoH;  {vo\\\  pater ^  a  father,  and  ono- 
ma^z.  name. 

PAUCITY.  6'.  Smallness  of  number.  \..  paucita^i  ivovix 
pauci^  few. 

PAUPER,  s.  A  poor  person;  one  who  receives  alms. 
L.  pauper^  poor. 

PAUSE,  s.  A  stop;  cessation.  Y.  pause:  1..  po&itus,  ^i, 
part,  of  po7io,  to  place,  or  lay,  or  set  down. 

PEASANT,  s.  One  whose  business  is  rural  labour.  F. 
paysan:  pays,  a  country. 

PECCANT,  adj.  Criminal;  corrupt;  injurious  to  health. 
E.  jieccanti  L.  peccans,  part,  of  pecco,  to  sin. 

PECCAVI.  s.  "I  have  sinned."  To  make  a  person 
"  cry  peccavi,*^  is,  in  cant  language,  to  compel  him  to 
acknowledge  his  tra.i&gression.  L.  from  pecco,  to  sin. 

PECTORAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  breast. 
L.  pectoralis:  pectus,  the  breast. 

PECUNIARY.  Gc(;.  Relating  to  money.  'L.pecuniarius; 
from  fiecunia,  money.  Pliriy  says,  that  the  first  Ro- 
man coins,  bearing  an  impression,  were  made  by  order  of 
Servius  Tullus,  and  stamped  with  the  resemblance  of 
sheep  and  oxen ;  hence,  pecunia  is  derived  from  pec  us, 
a  flock  of  sheep,  or  other  cattle. 

PEDAGOGUE,  s.  Originally  signified  a  teacher  of 
children,  generally;  but  now  it  refers  only  to  a  pe- 
dantic teacher.  \^.  pedagogus;  G.  paidagogos:  Jiais, 
a  boy,  or  girl,  and  ago,  to  guide, 

PEDAL,  s.  Something  designed  to  be  acted  on  by  the 
foot;  as  the  pedal  of  an  organ,  harp,  or  piano- forte.  L. 
pedalis:  pedis,  gen.  o^ pes,  a  foot. 

PEDANT,  s.  Originally  meant  one  who  taught  chil- 
dre7i;  but  the  term  is  now  applied  to  a  man  vain  of 
lonv  knowledge,  or  awkwardiv  ostentatious  of  his  lit- 


PED— PEN 

t^iLilurc:   [•'.  iiedant:  G.  jiaidos^  gen.  o{  Jiais^  a  boy, 

or  g-irl. 
PEDESTAL,  s.  The  base  of  a  statue  or  pillar.  F.  jiie- 

destal;  L.  pedis^  gen.  oi /les,  a  foot. 
PEDESTRIAN,  s.  One  who  travels  on  foot.  L.  /ledes- 

te?',  performed  on  foot :  /les,  a  foot. 
PEDICLE,  s.  That  by  which  the  leaf  or  fruit  is  fixed 

to  the  tree.  L.  Jiediculus;  dim.  oi Jies,  a  foot. 
PEDLER.  s.  A  pedestrian  dealer,  h.  pedes,  on  foot. — 

See  PEDESTRIAN. 
PEDOBAPTIST.  s.  One  who  adheres  to  the  practice 

of  infant  baptism.  G.  paidos,  gen.  oipais,  a  child,  and 

baptizo,  to  baptize. 
PEDOMETER.  5.  An  instrument  for  showing  how  far 

a  person  has  walked;  or  for  measuring  roads.  Li.  fie- 

dis,  gen.  of  pes,  a  foot,  and  G.  metreo,  to  measure. 
PEER.  s.  An  equal;  a  nobleman,  (the  several  degrees 

of  peers  having  the  same  privileges.)  Y.pair;  h.par, 

equal. 
PELLICLE.  *.  A  thin  skin;  a  film.  L.  pellicula,  dim. 

o^pellis,  a  skin. 
PELLUCID.  «c/;.  Transparent,  h.pellucidusj  fvomper, 

through,  and  luceo,  to  shine. 
PELTRY,  s.  Skins.  L.  pellis,  a  skin. 
PEN.  s.  An  instrument  for  writing.  L.  penna,  a  quill- 
feather,  or  a  pen. 
PENAL,    adj.  Denouncing   or  enacting   punishment ; 

used  for  punishing.  F.  penal:  \j.  poana,  punishment. 
PENALTY,  s.  Punishment;  fine.— See  PENAL. 
PENANCE,  s.  Punishment  inflicted  or  suffered  as  an 

expression  of  repentance.  L.  poena,  punishment. 
PEJWHAJVT.  s.  Inclination;  desire.  Y.  ivom  penc her, 

to  incline. 
PENDANT,  s.  Something  suspended;   a   small   naval 

flag.  F.  pendant;  L.  fiendeo,  to  hang. 
PENDENT,  adj.  Hanging,  lu.  pendens,  part,  of /zeyzrf^o, 

to  hang. 
PEjYDEA'TE  lite.     Whilst  the  suit  or  contest  is 

pending  and  undetermined    L.  from  pendo,  to  weigh 

or  consider  on,  and  lis,  a  dispute,  or  action  at  law. 
PENDING,  adj.  Remaining  undecided;  during,  h-pen- 

do^  to  weigh,  or  consider  on. 
[18*] 


PEN— PER 

PENDULUM,  s.  Any  v-eight  suspended,  so  that  it  may 
perform  oscillations  of  equal  time  ;  the  vibrating 
movement  of  a  clock,  'h.  jiendulus^  hanging  down: 
fiend eo^  to  hang. 

PENETRATE,  x-.  To  pierce;  to  enter;  to  reach  the 
meaning.  L.  jienetro^  to  penetrate. 

PENINSULA.  5.  A  tract  of  land  almost  surrounded 
by  water.  L. //<?«<?,  almost,  insula^  an  island. 

PENITENT,  adj.  Repentant.  L.  poenitens^  part,  o^ pce- 
niteo:  from  Jioe?: a ^  punishment,  pain,  remorse. 

PENNATED.  adj,  Vvinged  : — iiennateds  in  botanical 
language,  refers  to  those  leaves  which  grow  directly, 
one  against  another,  on  the  same  rib  or  stalk.  L.  fien- 
natus;  penna^  a  feather,  or  wing. 

PENSION,  s.  Pecuniary  allowance,  given  at  regular 
periods,  as  a  reward  of  service,  or  through  charity. 
F.  pension;  L.  pe7isiis^  p.  part,  of  pendo^  to  pay. 

PENSIVE,  adj.  Sorrowfully  thoughtful.  F.pensif;  from 
penser^  to  think,  h.  Jienso :  pendo^  to  weigh,  or  con- 
sider on. 

PENTAGON,  s.  A  figure  with  five  angles.  G.pente, 
five,  and  g-onia,  a  corner,  or  angle. 

PENTAMETER,  s.  A  Latin  verse  of  five  feet,  h.penta- 
inetrum;  G.  P'entc^  five,  and  wze/row,  measure. 

PENTANGULAR,  c^y.  Five  cornered.  G. /;e;2i?e,  five, 
and  angular. 

PENTATEUCH,  s.  The  five  books  of  Moses.  G.pe7ite^ 
five,  and  teuchos^  a  volume. 

PENTECOST,  s.  One  of  the  Jewish  feasts;  Whitsun- 
tide. G.  peiitecosta^^ity  \  because  celebrated  fxfty  days 
after  the  passover. 

PENULTIMATE,  adj.  Last  except  one.  L.  penulti- 
7nus;  comp.  of /2(?;z(?,  almost,  and  ultimus^  the  last. 

PENUMBRA,  s.  An  imperfect  shadow.  L.  pene^  al- 
most, and  umbra,  a  shadow. 

PENURIOUS,  adj.  Niggardly ;  sordidly  mean,  lu.penu- 
ria,  scarcity. 

PENURY,  s.  Poverty;  indigence,  h.  penuria,  want. 

PERADVENTURE.  adv.  Perhaps.  L.  per,  by,  and 
adventure;  meaning,  a  chance. 

PERAMBULATE,  v.  To  walk  through}  to  visit  the 


PER— PER 

boundaries.  L.  fierambulo:  fier,  through,  and  ambulo^ 

to  walk. 
PER  ANNUM.     By  the  year;  for  every  year.  L. /^er, 

by,  and  afinuryi,  accus.  oi  annus ^  a  year. 
PERCEIVE.  V.  To  know,  through  the  medium  of  the 

senses;  to  observe.  Y.  ujijiercevoir:  \^.  jiercijiio:  Jicr^  ^ 

through,  and  cafiio,  to  take. 
PER  CENT.     By  the  hundred;  for  every  hundred.  L. 

/Z(?r,  by,  and  ceiitujn^  a  hundred. 
PERCEPTION,  s.  The  faculty  or  act  of  perceiving. 

L.  Jiercelitio  :  iiercefitus^    p.  part,  oi  Jiercifiio. — See 

PERCEIVE. 
PERCIPIENT,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  perception. 

L.  fiercijiiens.)  part,  o^  fiercifiio^  to  perceive. 
PERCOLATE,  v.  To  strain,  or  filter,  lu.percolo,  to  fil- 
ter: /2f7',  through,  and  colo^  (colare^)  to  strain. 
PERCUSSION,  s.  The  act  of  striking,  or  shaking  vio- 
lently.  L.  percussio;   from  fiercutio,  to   strike:  per, 

through,  and  quatio,  to  shake. 
PER  DIEM.     By  the  day;  for  every  day.  'L,  per,  by, 

and  diein^  accus.  of  dies,  a  day. 
PERDITION,  s.  Destruction;   eternal   damnation.    L. 

perditio;  from  perdo,  to  lose. 
PEREGRINATION.  *.  Travel,  lu.  per egr mat io;  ivom 

per,  through,  and  ager,  a  field,  or  country. 
PEREMPTORY,  g^/;'.  Absolute;  dictatorial,  l^.peremp- 

toimis;  from  perinio,  to  take  away  wholly:  that  is,  to 

remove  all  excuse  for  nonperformance. 
PERENNIAL,  adj.  Lasting  through  the  whole  year; 

perpetual.  L.  jierennisi  comp.  of  per,  through,  and 

annus,  a  year. 
PERFECT,  adj.   Complete;  without  blemish,  lu.  per- 

fectus,  p.  part,  of  perficio,  to  finish;   comp.   oi  per, 

throughout,  and /ac/o,  to  make. 
PERFIDY.  5.  Treachery,  l^-perjidia;  from //er, through, 

and ^c?e5,  trust. 
PERFORATE,  v.  To  pierce.    L.  perforo;  from  per, 

through,  and  foro,  to  bore. 
PERFORM.  V.  To  finish;  to  execute;  to  do.  L>.  per, 

throughout,  and /ormo,  to  frame. 
PERFUME,  V,  To  impregnate  ^yith  sweet  scent.   F, 


PER— PER 

Jiarfume;  L.  per^  throughout,  and  fumus.^  smoke,  or 
fume. 

PERICARDIUM,  s.  A  membrane  which  envelops  the 
heart.  G.  /ie7'i^  about,  and  ka^-dia,  the  heart. 

PERICARPIUM.  s.  A  membrane  which  envelops  the 
fruit  or  grain  of  a  plant;  or  that  part  of  the  fruit 
which  encompasses  the  seed.  G.  pe}'iy  about,  karpos^ 
fruit. 

PERICRANIUM,  s.  A  membrane  which  covers  the 
skull.  G.  fieri^  about,  and  kranion^  the  skull. 

PERIGEE.  5.  A  point  in  the  heavens,  where  a  planet 
is  in  its  nearest  distance  from  the  earth.  G.  fieri^  to- 
wards, and  ge^  the  earth. 

PERIHELIUM.  s.  That  point  of  a  planet's  orbit,  where- 
in it  is  nearest  to  the  sun.  G.  Jieri^  towards,  and  helios^ 
the  sun. 

PERIOD,  s.  A  round  of  time;  a  conclusion;  a  point  of 
time;  a  grammatical  point  (.).  G.  fieriodos;  comp.  of 
peri,,  through,  or  around,  and  odos,,  a  way. 

PERIPATETIC,  adj.  Relating  to  the  peripatetics;  to 
the  philosophy  of  Aristotle  and  his  followers,  who 
taught  whilst  walking.  G.  peri^  about,  and  pateo^  to 
walk. 

PERIPHERY.  .?.  Circumference.  G.peri^  around,  and 
phero^  to  carry. 

PERIPIiRASIS.  s.  Circumlocution.  G.  periphrasis; 
frova  peri,)  around,  diud  p/ira sis,  a  speech. 

PERIPNEUMONIA,  s.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs. 
G.  peri,,  about,  ^.nd  pneu7uo>i,  the  lungs. 

PERITONEUM,  s.  The  soft,  thin  membrane,  which 
lies  immediately  under  the  muscles  of  the  lower  ab- 
domen. G.  peri,,  about,  and  teino,  to  stretch  out. 

PERJURE.  V.  To  swear  falsely.  L.  perjuro;  comp.  of 
per,,  through,  or  under  pretence,  and  ^'wro,  to  swear. 

PERMANENT,  cc//.  Durable;  lasting,  h.  peri7ianens, 
part,  ol  peruianeo :  per,  through,  and  maneo,  to  re- 
main. 

PERMISSION,  s.  Leave;  allowance.  Y. permission:  L. 
pccrmissus,  p.  part,  of  permitto. — See  PERMIT. 

PERMIT.  V.  To  allow,  l^.  permitto;  from /2(?r,  through, 
and  mitto,  to  send ;  that  is,  to  allow  a  passage,  or  en- 
trance. 


PER— PER 

PERNICIOUS,  ac//.  Highly  injurious;  destructive.  L. 
/lerniciosus;  from  //<"?',  through,  and  7zoceo,  to  hurt; 
meaning,  to  injure  largely. 

PERORATION,  adj.  The  conclusion  of  a  formal 
speech,  h,.  peroratio;  from //<?/',  throughout,  and  ore-, 
to  speak :  meaning,  to  recapitulate. 

PERPENDICULAR,  adj.  Hanging  or  being  in  a  di- 
rection towards  the  centre  of  gravity ;  placed  so  as  to 
form  right  angles.  L.  jieriiendicularis ;  Jier^  by,  and 
fiendeo^  lo  hang  from. 

PERPETUAL,  adj.  Never  ceasing.  L.  fierpctuusi 
perjietuor^  to  allow  :  from  per^  throughout,  and  patioVy 
to  suffer,  forbear,  or  endure  unhurt. 

PERPLEX.  -V.  To  puzzle ;  to  entangle,  l^.per^  through, 
m\{l.  plexus^  p.  part,  ofplecto,  to  twist. 

PERQUISITE,  s.  Something  gained  by  a  place  or  of- 
fice, besides  the  regular  wages.  h.Jiercjnisitus,  p.  part. 
oi perquiro^  to  make  diligent;  per^  through,  and  quce- 
7'o,  to  seek. 

PER  SE,  By  itself;  by  himself,  or  herself;  by  them- 
selves. L>.  pei'j  by,  se,  itself,  himself,  herself,  or  them- 
selves. 

PERSECUTE.  V.  To  pursue  with  malignity;  to  tease. 
1^.  persecutus.,  part,  oi persequor;  irom  per,  through, 
and  sequor,  to  follow. 

PERSEVERE,  v.  To  persist.  lA.persevero;  perseverus, 
very  severe,  rigorous :  from  per,  through,  and  severus, 
serious,  exact. 

PERSIST,  -v.  To  persevere.  L.  persisto;  from  per, 
through,  and  sisto,  to  continue. 

PERSPECTIVE,  s.  View;  the  science  by  which  ob- 
jects are  properly  delineated.  ¥ .  perspectif;  \u.  per- 
fifiectus,  p.  part,  oi perspicio,  to  see  plainly. 

PERSPICACITY.  6^  Quickness  of  sight.  I.,  perspicax, 
quick-sighted;  from //er,  through,  and  5//ec/o,  to  see. 

PERSPICUITY,  s.  Clearness  of  discourse  or  writing. 
L.  persjiicuitas;  from  Jier,  through,  and  specio,  to  see. 

PERSPIRE.  V.  To  pass  through  the  pores  of  the  skin. 
L.  from  per,  through,  and  spiro,  to  breathe,  or  exhale. 

PERTAIN.  V.  To  belong.  L.  pertineo;  from  per,  by, 
and  teneo,  to  hold. 


PER— PHA 

PERTINACIOUS,  adj.  Obstinate;  resolute,  h.  perti- 
nax;  froni/2(??',  by,  and  teneo,  to  hold. 

PERTINENT.  «f/;.  Suiting  the  purpose.  L./ierlinens. 
—See  PERTAIN. 

PERTURB.  V.  To  disquiet;  to  disturb;  to  disorder.  L. 
fierUirbo:  fier^  through,  and  turbo^  to  disorder:  turba, 
a  crowd. 

PERUSE,  -v.  To  read.  L.  from  fier^  through,  and  us^is^ 
part,  of  utor^  to  use  or  be  conversant  with. 

PERVADE,  -v.  To  extend  throughout.  L.  pervado; 
from  /zer,  through,  and  vado,  to  march,  or  move. 

PERVERSE,  adj.  Perverted;  stubborn.  F.  pervej-s.-— 
See  PERVERSION. 

PERVERSION,  s.  The  act  of  perverting.  F.  perver- 
sion: Li.  perversus,  p.  part,  of /2^7-z^er^o. — See  PER- 
VERT. 

PERVERT.  V.  To  turn  from  the  original  or  proper 
design.  L.  perverto;  from  pcr^  across,  and  verto,  to 
turn. 

PERVIOUS,  adj.  Admitting  a  passage.  L.  pervius; 
from/2fr,  through,  and  xna^  a  way. 

PEST.  5.  Plague;  something  teasing.  Y.peste:  h.pes- 
tis.f  infection,  mischief. 

PESTIFEROUS,  adj.  Pestilential;  destructive;  infec- 
tious. L.  horn  pestis,  a  pest,  or  infection,  and yero,  to 
carry. 

PETAL,  s.  The  leaf  of  a  flower.  G.  petalon,  a  leaf. 

PETIT,  or  PETTY,  adj.  A  petit  jury  consists  of 
twelve,  and  is  of  inferior  rank  to  the  grand  jury.  F. 
petit,  small. 

PETITION.  6-.  Request;  prayer.  L.  petitio;  from  peto, 
to  ask. 

PETIT-MAITRE.  s.  A  coxcomb;  a  beau.  Y.  petit,  lit- 
tle, and  maitre,  a  master. 

PETRIFY,  -u.  To  change  to  stone.  L.  petra,  a  rock,  and 
fio,  to  become. 

PETTY,  adj.  Small;  mean.— See  PETIT. 

PETULANT,  ar/;.  Insolent;  saucy.  \..  petulans;  ivom. 
peto,  to  dem.and. 

PHANTASM.  8.  Something  appearing  only  in  the 
imagination.   G.  plumtasma;  ivom  phaino,  to  appear. 


PHA— PHL 

PHANTASMAGORIA,  s.  An  optical  exhibition  of 
figures  resembling  the  supposed  form  of  spectres,  &;c. 
by  means  of  a  sort  of  magic  lantern.  G.  /i/mntas?nay  a 
spectre,  and  agora^  an  assembly. 

PHANTOM,  s.  A  spectre.  Y .  phantovie ;  ivovix  phaino^ 
to  appear. 

PHARMACEUTIC,  or  PHARMACEUTICAL,  adj. 
Relating  to  pharmacy.  G.  pharmakeiitikos.—-—^tQ 
PHARMACY. 

PHARMACOPCEIA.  s.  A  dispensatory;  a  book  con- 
taining rules  for  the  composition  of  medicines.  G, 
fiharmakon^  medicine,  and/io/^o,  to  make. 

PHARMACY,  s.  The  art  of  preparing  medicines.  G. 
pharmakon^  a  medicine. 

PHASES,  s.  Appearances  exhibited  by  any  body;  as 
the  changes  of  the  moon.  G.  phasis^  an  appearance. 

PHENOMENON,  s.  Appearance;  extraordinary  ap- 
pearance. G.  phainomenon;  from  phalnomai^  to  ap- 
pear. 

PHILANTHROPY.  5.  Love  of  mankind.  G.phileo,\,o 
love,  and  anthropos^  a  man. 

PHILIPPIC.  «.  An  invective  declamation: — from  the 
speeches  of  Demosthenes  against  Philip^  king  of  Ma- 
cedon. 

PHILOLOGY,  s.  Grammatical  learning;  criticism.  G. 
phileo^  to  love,  and  logos^  a  word, — meaning,  /aw- 
guage. 

PHILOMEL.  8.  A  nightingale.  G.  Philomela,  a  Gre- 
cian female,  who  is  fabulously  related  to  have  been 
changed  into  a  bird. 

PHILOSOPHY,  s.  Knowledge,  natural  or  moral ;  study 
of  nature,  Sec.  L.  philosophia:  G.  phileo,  to  love,  so- 
phia,  wisdom. 

PHILTER,  s.  Something  to  excite  love.  G.  philtron; 
from  phileo,  to  love. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  s.  The  science  or  practice  of  bleed- 
ing. G.  phlebotomia;  phlebosy  gen.  of  phleps,  a  vein, 
and  temno,  to  cut. 

PHLEGM,  s.  Watery  humour  of  the  body,  which  is 
supposed  to  produce  sluggishness.  G.  phlegma,  in- 
flammation. 


PHL— PIL 

PHLEGMATIC,  adj.  Abounding  in  phlegm ;  generating 
phlegm;  dull.   G.  JiJilegjnatikos. — See  PHLEGM. 

PHLOGISTON,  s.  An  exploded  chemical  name  for  an 
imaginary  substance,  thought  to  be  a  constituent 
part  of  all  inflammable  bodies.  G.  Jihlogizo^  to  burn. 

PHOSPHORUS,  s.  A  chemical  substance,  which  ig- 
nites when  exposed  to  the  air.  G.  phos,  light,  and 
phero^  to  bring. 

PHRASE,  s.  An  expression;  a  mode  of  speech.  G. 
phrasis^  a  saying,  an  idiom. 

PHRASEOLOGY,  s.  Style;  diction.  G. /2/zr«*/5,  man- 
ner of  speaking,  and  log-oa,  a  Avord. 

PHRENETIC,  adj.  G.— -See  FRENETIC. 

PHRENSY.  s.  G.— See  FRENZY. 

PHTHISICAL,  adj.  Consumptive.— See  PHTHISIS. 

PHTHISIS,  s.  A  consumption.  G. phthisis;  {rom  phthio. 
to  waste. 

PHYLACTERY,  s.  A  bandage  worn  by  the  Jews,  on 
which  was  inscribed  some  remarkable  sentence,  as  a 
charm.   G.  phulakterion;  phulake,  a  guardian. 

PHYSIC,  s.  The  science  of  healing;  medicine.  G.phu- 
sike,  natural  philosophy:  phusis,  nature. 

PHYSICAL.  og(/.  Relating  to  nature  or  to  physic;  re- 
lating to  natural  power See  PHYSIC. 

PHYSICS,  s.  The  study  of  nature.— See  PHYSIC. 

PHYSIOGNOMY,  s.  The  fallacious  science  of  disco- 
vering the  passions  in  the  features  of  the  face.  G. 
phnsiogno7nonia;  from  phusisj  nature,  and  ginosko^  to 
know. 

PHYSIOLOGY,  s.  The  doctrine  of  the  constitution  of 
the  works  of  nature.  G.  phusis^  nature,  and  logos ^  a 
description. 

PICTURE,  s.  A  delineated  resemblance.  L.  pictura; 
from  pictus,  p.  part.  o{ pingo^  to  paint,  or  describe. 

PIGMENT,  s.  Paint.  L.  pigmentum ;  from  pingo,  to 
paint. 

PIGMY,  s.  A  diminutive  person.  Derived  from  a  na- 
tion of  dwarfs,  recorded  by  the  ancients.  1^.  pygmaus; 
G.  pugmaios;  from  pugmS^  a  measure  of  lengih  from, 
the  fist  to  the  elbow. 

PILOSITY.  s.  Hairiness,  h.  pilosus^  hairy : /n/z^s,  hair. 


PIQ—PLA 

PIQUANT,  adj.  Sharp  or  pungent;  severe.  F.fiiguant, 

part,  oi fiiquer,  to  pierce.  • 

PIQUE.'  s.  Ill  will;  offence  taken.  Y .  fiique:  jiiquer^  to 

pierce. 
PIRATE,  s.  A  sea-robber.  \^,  fur  at  a;  G.ficirates;  from 

pcirazo,  to  try,  or  to  seize. 
PISCES,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac,  h./iisces^  -p].  o^ /liscis, 

a  iish. 
PISCIVOROUS.  cr(/'.  Living  on  fish.  L.. /liscis,  a  fish, 

and  voro,  to  devour. 
PITTANCE,  s.  A  small  portion.  Y.fiitance^  an  allow- 
ance for  one  meal  in  a  monastery. 
PIVOT,  s.  A  pin  on  which  any  thing  turns.  Y.  filvot^  a 

hinge  or  axis. 
PLACARD,  s.  An  advertisement  placed  against  a  wall, 

Sec.  F.  filacard;  from  filacer,,  to  place. 
PLACID,  adj.  Gentle;  kind.  L..  filacidus;  from  fiiaceo, 

to  please. 
PLAGIARY,  s.  A  thief  in  literature;  one  who  steals 

the  thoughts  or  writings  of  another.  \^.  filugiarius;  G. 

filagiarios;  from  filagios,  oblique,  sly. 
PLANET,  s.  One  of  the  heavenly  bodies  which  move 

around  the  sun.  L.  filaneta;  G.  filanao^  to  wander. 
PLANIMETRY.  5.  Mensuration  of  plane  surfaces.  L. 

filaiius.,  a  plane,  and  G.  metreo^  to  measure. 
PLANISPHERE,    s.  A   map   of  one    or    both    hemi- 
spheres, drawn  on  a  flat  surface.  L.  filanus^  level,  and 

sfihaira.,  a  sphere. 
PLANOCONVEX,  adj.  Flat  on  one  side,  and  round  on 

the  other.   L.  filanus^  level,  and  convexus^  crooked, 

or  arched. 
PLASTER,  s.  An  adhesive  composition.  F.  filastre;  G. 

filasso.,  to  form. 
PLASTIC,  adj.  Having  th'e  power  to  give  form.  G.filas- 

tikos;  from  filasso.^  to  form. 
PLATONIC,  adj.  Platonic  love  is  purely  mental;  not 

sensual.     Plato.,  the  Athenian  philosopher. 
PLAUDIT.  «.  Loud   applause.  L.  filaudo.)  to  make  a 

noise  by  clapping. 
PLAUSIBLE,  adj.  Such  as   gains  approbation;  right 

in  appearance;  specious.  L.  filausibilis.^-^'SQ.Q  PLAU- 
DIT. 

[19] 


PLE— PLU 

PLEBEIAN,  adj.  Relating  or  belonging*  to  the  common 
people;  vulgar.  L. /i/f6e«,  the  common  people. 

PLEIADES,  s.  A  northern  constellation.  G.  Pleiades; 
a  name  given  to  seven  daughters  of  Atlas,  who  are 
fabulously  related  to  have  been  placed  in  the  heavens 
after  death. 

PLENARY.  Gf//.  Full;  without  any  exception.  L. /2/f- 
nus.,  full. 

PLENIPOTENTIARY,  s.  A  negotiator  invested  with 
full  power  to  conclude  a  treaty.  F.plenipotentiarei  L. 
plenus^  full,  and  potentia.^  power. 

PLENITUDE,  s.  Fulness;  completeness.  Y .  Jilenitudr; 
L.  plenitudo:  filenus.^  full. 

PLENTY.  -9.  Sufficiency.  Y..  plenum,  iy\\\. 

PLEONASM.  8.  The  using  of  more  words  than  are  ne- 
cessary. Y,.  jileonaar.rus;   G. ///(fonazo,  to  abound. 

PLETHORA,  s.  Injmuous  abundance  of  the  humours 
in  the  human  vessels.  G.Jilethora;  hGui/ilet/ios^  abun- 
dance. 

PLEURISY,  s.  An  inflammatory  disorder  near  the 
breast.  G.  jileura^  a  membrane  which  girds  or  sur- 
rounds the  ribs. 

PLIABLE,  adj.  Flexible.  F.  pliable ;  from  plier^  to 
bend. 

PLIERS,  s.  An  instrument  used  for  bending  wire,  See. 
F.  plier.)  to  bend. 

PLINTH,  s.  A  flat,  square  member,  which  serves  as  a 
foundation  to  the  base  of  a  pillar;  a  square  projection 
at  the  bottom  of  a  wall.   G.  plinthos.^  a  tile. 

PLUMAGE,  s.  Feathers.— See  PLUME. 

PLUMB,  s.  A  plummet;  a  leaden  weight  suspended  to 
a  cord,  in  order  to  mark  a  line  perpendicular  to  the 
horizon. — adj.  Perpendicular  to  the  horizon.  \^. plum- 
bum., lead. 

PLUME.  .9.  A  feather;  a  bunch  of  feathers,  lu.  pliima. 
a  feather. 

PLUME.  V.  To  adorn  with  plumes;  to  feel  pride. — See 
the  substantive.  When  it  is  said  that  a  man  plumes 
himself,  it  is  figuratively  denoting  that  he  dresses 
himself  in  gaudy  feathers,  as  a  reward  of  his  assimied 
merit. 


PLU— POL 

PLUMIGEROUS.  ar//".  Feathered.  "L.  ^iluma^  a  feather, 

and  gcro^  to  carry. 
PLUMMET,    s.    A    leaden   weight    suspended    to    a 

cord,  to  ascertain  depth  and   perpendicularity. — See 

PLUMB. 
PLUPERFECT,  adj.  The  name  of  a  grammatical  tense, 

marked  by  the  auxiliary  had.  L.  plus^  more,  and  per- 
fect. 
PLURAL,  adj.  Implying  more  than  one.  1^.  pluralis; 

from  filuris.,  gen.  of  filus^  more. 
PLURALITY,  s.  A  number  more  than  one;  majority. 

—See  PLURAL. 
PLUS.  More;  opposed  to  minus.  L. 
PNEUMATICS,    s.   The   science   of  the  density  and 

pressure  of  the  atmosphere.   G.  iineuma^  wind. 
POACHER,  s.  One  who  steals  game.  F.  fioche^  a  pocket 

or  bag. 
POEM.  s.  The  work  of  a  poet;  a  metrical  composition. 

1^.  poema;   G.  /loieina. — See  POET. 
POET.  s.  An  author  of  fiction,  generally  in  measured 

verses  or  rhyme.  L.  fioeta;  G.  fioieo^  to  do,  or  invent. 
POIGNANT,  adj.  Sharp;  painful.  Y.iioignant;  l^.fiun- 

go^  to  prick. 
POINT,  s.  The  sharp  end;  moment;  grammatical  stop; 

degree,  kc.  V.  point;  \^.  jiunctus  ov  fiunctum^  from 

jiungo^  to  prick. 
POLEMICAL,  adj.  Controversial.  Q.  polemlkos-^  from 

polemos.,  war. 
POLICE,  s.  The  regulation  or  government  of  a  city  or 

country,  so  far  as  respects  the  inhabitants;   a  guard 

under  the  orders  of  the  police  government.  F.  jioiice: 

G.  polis^  a  city. 
POLICY,  s.  The  art  of  government;  prudence;  man- 
agement of  affairs;  stratagem. — See  POLICE. 
POLISH.  V.  To  make  smooth  and  bright;  to  make  ele- 
gant in  manners.  L.  polio^  to  make  smooth. 
POLITE,  adj.  Elegant  in  manners;  refined.  L.  poliius, 

p.  part,  o^ polio.— See  POLISH. 
POLITICAL,  a c(/.  Relating  to  national  affairs.  G.  po- 

litikos;  polis,  a  city  or  state. 
POLLUTE.  V.  To  defile;  to  corrupt,  h.  polluo^  to  in- 


POL-^POR 

feet;  from  G.  iiolu^  much,  and  L.  liies^  pestilence  or 

blight. 
POLYGAMY,  s.  Plurality  of  wives.  G.  Jiolugainia;  from 

poliis^  many,  and  gameo.,  to  marry. 
POLYGLOT,  s,  A  book  which  has  many  languages. 

G.  poluglottos ;    from  polus,    many,    and   glotta^    a 

tongue. 
POLYGON,  s,  A   figure   of  many   angles.    G.  polus^ 

many,  and  gonia,  a  corner,  or  angle. 
POLYGRAM,  s.  A  figure  consisting  of  many  lines.  G. 

fiolus,  many,  and  granune^  a  line. 
POLYPUS,  s.  Signifies,  in  general,  any  thing  with  many 

roots,  or  feet.  It  is  used  to  denote  also  a  particular  ex- 
crescence of  the  nose.  G.  polujious;  polus^  many,  and 

/lozis,  a  foot. 
POLYSYLLABLE,  s.  A  word  containing  more   than 

three  syllables.  G.  poius,  many,  and  syllable. 
POLYTECNIC.  adj.  A  polytecnic  school  is  an  insti- 
tution where  many   sciences  are  taught.    G.  pohcs, 

many,  and  tec/me,  an  art  or  science. 
POLYTHEIST.  s.  One  who  believes  in  a  plurality  of 

gods.  G.  poliis^  many,  and  theos,  a  god. 
POMP.  s.  Splendour;  pride,  l^.^ompa;  G.pompc;  from 

pemfio^  to  send  forth. 
PONL-ER.  X'.  To  consider.   \a.  jiondero.^  to  weigh. 
PONDEROUS,  cc//'.  Heavy.  L,.  ponderosus:  pondus,  2i 

load. 
PONTON,  s.  A  military  bridge.  Y.  ponton;  L.  pons,  a 

bridge. 
POPULACE,  s.  The  common  people.  F.  populace;  L. 

populus,  the  people. 
POPULAR,  adj.  Suitable  to  the  common  people;  be- 
loved by  the  people.  1^.  popularis;  from  pop u his,  the 

people. 
POPULOUS,  adj.  Thickly  inhabited.  L, populosus;  from 

po/iulus,  a  people. 
PORCELAIN.  .s-.Fine  earthen-ware.  Y.porcelaine;  from 

the  Portuguese, /zorce/Za^z^z,  a  cup. 
PORE.  s.  Spiracle  of  the  skin;  passage  of  perspiration  ; 

any  narrow  spiracle  or  hole.  G.  poros,  a  passage. 
PORE.  V.  To  inspect  with  minute  attention.     l3erived 


POR— POS 

ii'oni  the  noun;  meaning,  to  look  into   the  smallest 

cavity^  or  examine  for  the  least  defect,  kc. 
PORT.  s.  A  harbour  for  ships;  L. /wrtus:  an  aperture 

for  cannon;  fioi'ta,  a  gate:   from  porto^  to  carry: — 

merchandise   is  carried  to  and  from  a  harbour,   and 

through  a  gate: — a  port-hole  is  a  small  gate. 
PORTABLE,  adj.  That  may  be  easily  carried.  L. /wr- 

tad  ills;  from /zor^o,  to  carry. 
PORTAGE,  s.  Price  of  carriage;  land-road,  between 

two  navigable  waters.  F.  portage;  L.  jiorto.,  to  carry. 
PORTCULLIS,    s.  A  gate,  in  a  fortified  place,  sus- 
pended in  a  groove.  Y .portcoiUisfie:  jiort^  a  gate,  and 

coulisse^  a  groove:  coiiler^  to  glide. 
PORTEND.  V.  To   give  notice  by  souie  appearance. 

"L.  porteiido;  horn  /lorto,  to  carry:  that  is,  to  carry  a 

sign. 
PORTER,  s.  A  common  carrier;  L.  fioi^to,  to  carry:  a 

gate-keeper;  porta,  a  gate. — See  PORT. 
PORTFOLIO.  8.  A  case  for  large  papers.  L.  porto,  to 

carry,  and./o//Mm,  a  leaf. — See  FOLKX 
PORTION,  s.  A  part;  a  share.  F.  portion;  L,.  portio,  a 

part. 
PORTLY,  adj.  Stately.  L.  porta,  to  carry;  meaning  to 

carry  or  hold  the  person  erectly. 
PORTMANTEAU,  s.  A  bag  for  carrying  clothes.  F. 

portmanteau;  ivora  porter,  to  carry,  and  manteau,  a 

cloak. 
PORTRAIT,  .s.  A  picture,  generally  of  a  human  being, 

F.  portrait.— '^Q^  PORTRAY, 
PORTRAY.  V.  To  describe  by  picture,  F.  portraire: 

pour,  for,  and  L.  traho,  to  draw. 
POSITION.  .9.  Situation;  posture;  principle  laid  down. 

lu.  poaitio;  from,  positus,  p.  part,  of  pono,  to  place. 
POSITIVE,  erf;.  Absolutely  fixed ;  dogmatical.  L.  po- 

sitivus;  from  pono. — See  POSITION. 
POSSE',  s.  An  attendant  crowd;  a  vulgar  abbreviation 

of  posse  comitatus. 
POSSE  COMITATUS.    The  power  of  the  inhabitants 

of  a  county;  which  the  sheriff  is  authorized  to  call 

forth,  when  opposition  is  made  to  the  execution  of 

justice.  'L.  posse,  (infin.  of  possu?n,)  to  have  the  power, 

comiiatus,  of  the  county. 
[19*] 


POS— .POS 

POSSESSION,  s.  The   state  of  having  in  one's  own 

hands  or  power;  property.  L.  possessio;  from  posse, 

(infin.  oi possum^)  to  have  power. 
POSSIBLE,  adj.  Practicable,  h.  possibilisj  h'om  posse, 

to  be  able,  to  have  power. 
POST.   s.   Station;  employment;  office;    a  hasty  mes- 
senger, who  has  the  advantage  of  horses,  placed  at 

convenient  stations;    quick   manner  of  traveling;  (a 

piece  of  timber,  £<;c.  set  upright;  L.  postis.)  F.poste: 

L.  positus,  p.  part,  ^i pono,  to  place. 
POSTDATE,  -o.  To  date  after  the  real  time.  1^.  post, 

after,  and  date. 
POSTDILUVIAN,  adj.  After  the  Flood.  L.  post,  after, 

and  diluvium,  a  deluge. 
POSTERIOR.  «c/;.  Subsequent;  hinder.  \j.  posterior; 

from  post,  after. 
POSTERITY,  s.  Succeeding  generations.   L.  posteri- 

tas;  from  post,  after,  and  hcdres,  a  possessor. 
POSTERN,  s.  A  back-gate;  a  little  private  gate  or  door. 

L.  post,  behind. 
POST  FACTO.     After  the   deed.  L.  post,   after,  and 

facto,  abl.  o^  factum,  a  deed. 
POSTHUMOUS,  adj.  After  death.  l..posthumus ;irom 
post,  after,  and  humo,  to  bury:  humo  is  from  humus, 

earth. 
POSTILLION.  8.  One  who  guides  the  leading  horses  of 

a  post-chaise;  one  who  guides  a  post-chaise.  Y.post- 

ilio7i.—See  POST. 
POSTMERIDIAN,  adj.  After  noon.  L.  post,  after,  and 

meridian. 
POST  MORTEM.     After  death,  h.  post,  after,  mor- 

tem,  accus.  of  mors,  death. 
POST  OBIT.  A  post-obit  bond  is  that  which  promises 

payment  of  money  after  the  death  of  a  certain  person; 

generally  by  his  heir,  h.post,  after,  obit,  he  dies:  from 

obeo. 
POSTPONE.  V.  To   adjourn;  to   delay.    L,.  postpono; 

comp.  of  post,  after,  and //o?/o,  to  place. 
POSTSCRIPT,  s.  A  paragraph  added  to  the  end  of  a 
letter.  L.  post,  after,  and  scriptus,  p.  part,  of  scribo, 
to  write. 


POS— PRE 

POSTULATE,  s.  A  position  supposed  or  assumed 
without  proof,  h.  Jiostulatus,  part,  of /lostulo,  to  will, 
or  demand. 

POSTURE,  s.  State;  position.  Y.^iostzire;  h./iosUiira. 
—See  POSITION. 

POTABLE,  adj.  Such  as  may  be  drank.  1^.  fiotabiiis; 
from  fioto^  to  drink. 

POTATION,  s.  Draught;  species  of  drhik.  1^. /lotatio: 
/loto^  to  drink. 

POTENT,  adj.  Having  power;  strong;  efficacious.  L. 
^lotcns^  part,  oi possum^  to  be  able. 

POTENTATE,  s.  A  sovereign.  ¥.  Jiotentat.-^See  PO- 
TENT. 

POTENTIAL,  adj.  The  potential  mood  denotes  the 
power  or  possibility  of  acting.  L.  /lotentialis. — See 
POTENT. 

POVERTY,  s.  Indigence;  meagerness.  F.  /lauvrete; 
L.  fiau/ier^  poor. 

PRACTICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  action;  not  theoretical. 
—See  PRACTICE. 

PRACTICE,  s.  Use;  custom;  habit;  performance;  me- 
dical treatment ;  professional- employment,  h. /iracti- 
ctis,  practical:   G.  /iraktikr;  prasso..  to  act. 

PRAGMATIC,  adj.  Meddling;  inirusive.  F.  t^rag- 
matique;  G.  firagma.,  business. 

PREAMBLE,  s.  Preface.  F.  prcainbule;  L.  /irtf,  be- 
fore, and  amhulo.,  to  walk. 

PREBENDARY.  8.  A  stipendiary  of  a  cathedral.  L, 
firebendarhis;  from  finebeo.,  to  allow. 

PRECARIOUS,  adj.  Dependent;  uncertain,  because 
depending  on  the  will  of  another.  L.  firecariia,:  from 
precor.,  to  supplicate. 

PRECAUTION,  s.  Preventive  measure.  L,  pns^  be- 
fore, and  caution. 

PRECEDE.  V.  To  go  before.  L.  prxcedo;  comp.  of 
/z7\«,  before,  and  cedo^  to  quit  or  depart. 

PRECEDENT,  s.  A  rule  or  example  to  future  times. 
L.  firizcedens.,  part,  of  prcecedo.'-—^ee,  PRECEDE. 

PRECENTOR,  s.  Leader  of  a  choir,  h.  pracentor;  from, 
pnecinor^  to  sing  before;  comp.  oi Jirce,  before,  and 
canoy  to  sing. 


PRE— PRE 

PRECEPT.    8.   Rule;   commaiidinent.    L.  /iracefiium, 

from  /zrt?,  before,  and  ca/iio^  to  tuke  or  desigTi. 
PRECEPTOR,  s.'a  teach-r.  L.prccccptor.—l^tG  PRE- 
CEPT. 
PRECESSION,  s.  The  act  of  preceding.  Y.  firecession: 

L.  prcEcessus^  part,  oi  pracedo. — See  PRECEDE. 
PRECINCT,  s.  Boundary;  suburb,  l^. prcecinctus;  from 

prtecingo^  to  enclose. 
PRECP.^US.  adj.  Valuable.  L.  pretiosusi  from  pre ti- 

um,  a  price. 
PRECIPICE,  s.  A  perpendicular  declivity.  'L.  pracipi- 

tiinn.—See  PRECIPITATE. 
PRECIPITATE.  V.  To  throw  head-foremost;   to  fall 

head -foremost;  to  hurry  forward.  L.  pracipHoj  pi'<e, 

before,  and  caput,  the  head. 
PRECISE,  adj.  Exact;  formal.  'L.  pracisus^  p.  part,  of 

prc£cido.f  to  pare  oflP. 
PRECLUDE.  V.  To  prevent.  L.  pracludoj  from  prcSy 

before,  and  claudo,  to  shut. 
PRECOCITY.    .^.   Early  maturity.    L.  pracox;    from 

prcc^  before,  and  coquo^  to  boil,  or  ripen. 
PRECOGNITION,  s.  Previous  knowledge.  L./^r^e,  be- 
fore, and  cognition. 
PRECONCEIVE    ~v.  To  conceive  previously.  L. /?r^, 

before,  and  conceive. 
PRECITRSOR.  s.  Forerunner.  \^.pr<zcursor;  from/2r(^, 

before,  and  curro.,  to  run. 
PREDAL.  0^7.  Plundering,  lu.  prceda,  plunder. 
PREDATORY,  cf/;.  Plundering;  ravenous,  l^.  prada- 

torius;  from  prceda.^  plunder. 
PREDECESSOR,  s.  One  that  preceded  another.    F. 

predecesseur;  L.  prcz,  before,  and  decessus^  part,  of 
decedo^  to  depart. 
PREDESTINATE,  t^.  To  appoint  beforehand.  'L.pr<s, 

before,  and  destino,  to  design. 
PREDETERMINE,  v.  To  determine  previously.   L. 

pvcd^  before,  and  determine. 
PREDIAL,  adj.  Consisting  of  farms.  L.  pr<sdm?n,  a  farm. 
PREDICATE.  V.  To  affirm.  L.predico;  horn  pra,  be- 
fore, and  dico,  to  say. 
PREDICT.  V.  To  foretel.  h.  prcediciii?n,  sup.  of  pn^- 
dicoj  from  pra^  before,  and  dicOf  to  say. 


PRE—PRE 

PREDOMINANT,  adj.  Having  the  ascendancy;  pre- 
valent. F.  predominant;  L.  prx^  before,  and  domi- 
nant. 

PRE-EMINENT,  adj.  Supremely  eminent.  L.  prs^ 
before,  and  eminent. 

PRE-EMPTION,  s.  The  rii^-ht  of  purchasing  before 
another.  \^.  firce^  before,  and  einjitio^  a  purchasing: 
ein/itus^  p.  part,  of  e;«o,  to  purchase. 

PRE-EXIST.  V.  To  exist  previously.  L.  Jine^  before, 
and  exist. 

PREFACE,  s.  Introductory  discourse.  \^,  jinsfatio;  from 
iir(R^  before,  andyh^//s,  spoken. 

PREFATORY,  ar//.  Introductory.  L.~-See  PREFACE. 

PREFECT.  X'.  A  governor;  a  commander.  L,.  prafec- 
tus;  from  pr(e/icio^  to  put  in  authority:  pr(Sj  before, 
and/(2cio,  to  make. 

PREFER,  -v.  To  regard  more  than  another;  to  advance. 
L.  prcsfero;  from  /zric,  before,  and  fero^  to  bring  or 
carry. 

PREFIX.  V.  To  place  before.  L.  from  /z?'^?,  before, 
and  fix. 

PREGNANT,  adj.  With  young;  teeming;  full.  Y . preg- 
nant; 'L. pragnans:  pra^  before,  and  gigno^  to  engen- 
der, or  bring  forth. 

PREJUDGE.  V.  To  judge  previously,  without  waiting 
for  proper  evidence.  L.  pra^  before,  and  judge. 

PREJUDICE.  *.  Judgment  formed  without  examina- 
tion ;  (injury :  but  this  sense  is  improper;)  l^.prce judici- 
um; from /zr^,  before,  and  judlciu?n,  judgment. 

PRELATE,  s.  An  ecclesiastic  of  the  highest  order.  L. 
praelatus;  from  pT(Z^  before,  and  latiis^  part,  of  feror, 
to  be  borne. 

PRELIMINARY,  adj.  Introductory.  L.  prce,  before, 
and  limen^  a  threshold  or  entrance. 

PRELUDE,  s.  Introductory  entertainment;  precursor. 
L.  firizludium;  from  jircs^  before,  and  /z/c/o,  to  play. 

PREMATURE.  «r//.  Unfinished;  immature.  \^.  prccma- 
turns;  from  pree^  before,  and  maturus.  ripe. 

PREMEDITATE,  -u.  To  think  upon  previously;  to 
design.  L. /?/'<?,  before,  and  meditate. 

PREMIER,  s.  \  chief;  a  prime  minister.  F.  pre?nic'r; 
L.  primus^  first. 


PRE— PRE 

PREMISE.  V.  To  make  a  previous  explanation,  or  pro- 
position. L.  /irx^  before,  and  missum,  sup.  of  mitto^  to 
send. 

PREMISES.  .9.  Propositions  antecedently  supposed  or 
proved;  also,  by  a  perversion  of  language,  house,  or 
lands.— See  PREMISE. 

PREMIUM,  s.  Something  given  to  invite  a  loan  or  bar- 
gain; a  reward,  h.  fircsnrium. — See  PROEM. 

PRE-OCCUPY.  7>.  To  occupy  previously.  L. /z?-^,  be- 
fore, and  occupy. 

PREPARE.  V.  To  make  ready.  L.  prxjiaro;  from  Jircs^ 
before,  and  fiaro^  to  shape. 

PREPENSE.  «^^'. Preconceived;  contrived  before-hand  ; 
as  malice  p,refiense.  L.  firefiensiis;  fira^  before,  and 
fiensus^  p.  part,  oi pendo^  to  weigh  or  deliberate  on. 

PREPONDERATE,  -v.  To  outweigh;  to  overpower  by 
superior  influence.  L.  firapondero:  prcd^  before,  and 
ponder 0^  to  weigh. 

PREPOSITION,  s.  In  grammar,  an  indeclinable  word 
governing  a  case.  L.  fircEpositib;  from  jircs^  before, 
and  positus^  p.  part,  oipono,  to  place. 

PREPOSSESS.  V.  To  impress  an  opinion  before  due 
examination;  to  prejudice.  L.  prte,  before,  and  pos- 
sess. 

PREPOSTEROUS,  adj.  Having  that  first,  which  ought 
to  be  last;  perverted;  absurd,  l^.  prccposterus;  prx^ 
before,  and  posterns^  the  following:  post^  afier. 

PREROGATIVE,  s.  Peculiar  privilege,  L.  prczrcga- 
tiva;  from  pra^  before,  and  rogOn,  to  demand  or  pro- 
pose:— alluding  to  a  privilege  enjoyed  by  some  per- 
sons in  Rome,  of  giving  their  votes  the  first. 

PRPLSAGE.  6'.  Prognostic.  L,.  pirasagm??is  from  /?r^,  be- 
fore, and  aagajc^f  cunning. 

PRESBYTERIAN,  s.  An  advocate  for  the  government 
of  the  church  by  presbyteries,  composed  of  elders.  G. 
presbuteros^  an  elder. 

PRESCIIlNCE.  5.  Foreknowledge.  L. /2r<r.<?c?>;?5,  part 
of  jircescio;  from  firce^  before,  and  *c?o,  to  know. 

PRESCRIBE.  V.  To  order.  L.  pnzscribo;  from  prx^ 
before,  and  .scribo^  to  write,  or  appoint. 

PRESCRIPTION,  s.  Custom  which  has  become  law; 
medical  receipt.  \..  pnescripilo. — See  PRESCRIBE, 


PRE—PRE 

PRES'ENT.  adj.  Not  absent;  not  past,  nor  future.  F. 
JirBCficJit;  L.  firpesens^  part,  oi prsesum:  conip.  o{ /irx^ 
before,  (meaning-  in  presence  of,)  and  su?n,  1  am. 

PRESENT'.  V.  To  place  in  the  presence  of;  to  exhibit 
to  view  or  notice;  to  oftcr  as  a  gift. — See  the  ad- 
jective. 

PRES'ENT.  s.  A  gift;  pi.  presents^  things  written,  and 
presented  or  offered  in  the  mannei'^f  evidence, — as  in 
"a  lease,  8cc. — See  the  verb. 

PRESIDE.  V.  To  sit  as  president.  L..  pi'dssideo;  from 
/2rtF,  before,  and  sedeo^  to  sit. 

PRESIDENT.  5.  One  who  presides  or  occupies  the 
hiehest  place.  1^.  praesidens.,  part,  oi  preesideo. — Sec 
PRESIDE. 

PRESUIVIE.  v.  To  assume  before  permission,  or  proof. 
L.  preesumo:  from  prse^  before,  and  su7no^  to  take. 

PRESU2V1PTION.  .9.  Assumption  without  permission. 
L.  prctsumptus^  p.  part,  of  pvcesuino. — See  PRE- 
SUME. 

PRETEND,  -v.  To  make  a  false  representation,  l^.prse- 
.  tendo;  from  /2ra?,  before,  and  tendo^  to  stretch  forth 
[something  as  a  deception.] 

PRETERIMPERFECT.  adj.  An  irrational  term,  ap- 
plied, by  some  grammarians,  to  one  of  the  past  tenses. 
L.  praeter^  beside,  and  imperfect. 

PRETERIT,  adj.  Past.  L.  preeteritus^  p.  part,  oi pree- 
tereo;  ivoiw  prxter^  beside,  and  eo,  to  go. 

PRETERNATURAL,  adj.  Not  natural;  miraculous. 
L.  pvd^ter^  more  than,  and  natural. 

PRETERPERFECT.  adj.  An  irrational  term,  applied, 
by  some  grammarians,  to  one  of  the  past  tenses,  l^.pree- 
ter^  beside,  and  perfect. 

PRETERPLUPERFECT.  adj.  An  irrational  term,  ap- 
plied, by  some  grammarians,  to  one  of  the  past  tenses. 
L.  prspter^  beside,  and  pluperfect. 

PRETEXT,  s.  Pretence.  L.  prdetextus.,  p.  part,  of 
praitexO)  to  cloak  or  cover :  pree,  before,  and  tectus^ 
p.  part,  of  tego^  to  cover. 

PREVAIL.  V.  To  overcome ;  (with  o/z,  over^  or  a^^amstt^) 
to  predominate;  to  have  influence,  lu.prsevaleo;  from 
pree^  before,  aiid  valeo^  to  be  strong. 


PRE— PRI 

PREVALENT,  adj.  Predominant;  common,  h.  Jiree- 
■valens^  part.  o\ p.rEevaleo. — See  PREVAIL. 

PREVARICATE,  -v.  To  vary  in  giving  evidence.  L. 
prevaricor;  from //ra?,  concerning,  and  lycrzo,  to  vary. 

PREVENT.  V.  To  obstruct.  L.  prdeventum^  sup.  of 
prsevenio:  pra^  before,  and  venio,  to  come. 

PREVIOUS,  adj.  Antecedent.  L.  firavius;  .jirx.^  be- 
fore, and  uia^  al'oad;  that  is,  being  before  another  in 
proceeding. 

PRIMA-FACIE.  On  the  first  view;  without  referring 
to  any  thing  subsequently.  L.  prima^  on  the  first, yi/cie, 
face,  or  figure:  firimus.)  Tind^  fades. 

PRIMATE,  s.  The  chief  bishop.  L.  primatus^  the  chief 
place;   horn  primus^  first. 

PRIME.  «<:/;.  The  first ;  the  best.  L. /2ri7«z^.5,  first. 

PRIME.  V.  To  put  powder  in  the  pan  of  a  gun;  to  lay 
on  the  first  pahit.— See  the  verb. 

PRIMER,  s.  A  child's  school-book.  L.  primus.,  first. 

PRIMEVAL,  adj.  Such  as  was  at  first.  L.  primcZDus; 
>   from  primus^  first,  and  cdvum^  an  age. 

PRIMITIVE,  adj.  Original;  ancient;  uncompoundcd. 
L.  primitivus:  primus^  first. 

PRIMOGENITURE,  s.  Seniority.  V .  primogeniture; 
L.  primus^  first,  and  ^<??2z7w.s,  begotten. 

PRIMORDIAL,  adj.  Original.  L.^primordiian,  the  be- 
ginning; from //r 2771 ?i6-, -first,  and  ordo,  a  rule. 

PRIMROSE,  s.  An  early  flower.  L,.  pri?r/us,  first,  and 
rose, 

PRIMUM  MOBILE'.  That  which  gives  motion  to 
all  the  other  parts.  h.primu7n,thc  first,  mobile^  moved  : 
primus  and  mobilis. 

PRINCE.  8.  A  sovereign;  son  of  a  king.  Y.  prince;  L. 
princeps.,  first,  chief. 

PRINCIPAL,  af//.  Chief ;  essential;  important.  V. prin- 
cipal; L.  principalis.— Sc(i  PRINCIPLE. 

PBmCIPIA,  .N-QJSr  HOMIJyES.  Principles,  not  men ; 
the  motto  chosen  by  Mr.  Monroe,  when  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States. 

PRINCIPLE,  s.  Element;  constituent  part;'  rule;  mo- 
ral guide.  F.  principe:  1^.  principiujn:  principis^  gen. 
oi princeps.,  first,  oriinnal. 

PRIOR,  adj.  Former;  anterior,  h.  prior^  the  former. 


PRl— PRO 

PRIORITY.  5.  Precedence,  in  time  or  place. — Sec 
PRIOR. 

PRISON,  s.  A  jail.  V.  prison;  pris^  part,  oi  prendre^ 
to  seize. 

PRISTINE,  adj.  Ancient;  former.  L.  pristinus^  an- 
cient. 

PRIVATE,  adj.  Retired;  secret;  individual.  'L.  jiriva- 
tus,  p.  part,  of  pj'ivo,  to  take  away. 

PRIVATION,  s.  Removal  of  something  desired,  h.pri- 
vatio;  from  privo^  to  take  away. 

PRIVILEGE.  .9.  Peculiar  advantage ;  something  of 
which  others  are  deprived;  private  right.  Y. privilege; 
L.  privilegium;  prions^  particular,  and  legis^  gen.  of 
lex,  a  law.— See  PRIVATE. 

PRIVITY,  s.  Private  communication;  private  concur- 
rence. F.  privaute.>—^eQ  PRIVY. 

PRIVY,  adj.  Private;  secret;  admitted  to  secrets  of 
state,  (as  the  privy  council;)  F.  Jirive. — See  PRI- 
VATE. 

PRO  AND  CON.  A  vulgar  abbreviation  oi  pro  and 
contra,  for  and  against. 

PROBABLE,  ttc/;.  Apparently  true.  L.. probabilis;  from 
probo,  to  prove  or  allow. 

PROBATE.  5,  Proof  of  a  will.  'L.  probatus;  ivomprobo, 
to  prove,  or  allow. 

PROBATIONER,  s.  One  who  is  upon  trial;  a  novice. 
L.  probat.io,  a  trial ;  from  probo,  to  prove. 

PROBE,  u.  To  examine  a  deep  wound  with  an  instru- 
ment. L.  probo,  to  try, 

PROBITY,  s.  Honesty;  veracity.  L.  probitas;  from 
probatus,  (p.  part.  o{ probo,)  proved. 

PROBLEM,  s.  A  question  proposed.  Qi.prohlema:  pro- 
ballo,  to  propose:  pro,  before,  and  ballo,  to  throw. 

PRO  BOArO  PUBLICO.     For  public  benelit,  L. 

PROCEED,  -v.  To  move  forward;  to  act;  to  issue.  L. 
procedo;  from  pro,  forward,  and  cede,  to  depart. 

PROCESS,  s.  Progressive  course;  operation;  course 
of  law.  F.  proces:  L.  processus;  from  procedo. — See 
PROCEED. 

PROCESSION,    s.    A  train   moving   in    ceremonious 

solemnity.    F.  procession;  L.  processio See  PRO 

CESS. 

[20] 


PRO—PRO 

PROCLAIM.  V.  To  make  public.  L.  Jiroclamo^  to  call 
out:  pro,  before,  and  clamo,  to  call. 

PROCONSUL,  s.  A  deputy  consul.  L.  Jiro^  for,  and 
consul. 

PROCRASTINATE,  v.  To  defer  through  idleness.  L. 
jirocrastiiior;  from /rro,  for,  eras,  to-morrow,  and  te- 
neo,  to  hold. 

PROCTOR,  s.  A  manager  of  another's  afTairs;  an  at- 
torney of  the  spiritual  court;  the  magistrate  of  a  uni- 
versity. L.  procurator See  PROCURE. 

PROCURATION,  s.  Power  given  to  transact  business 
for  another,  lu.  procuratio.- — See  PROCURE. 

PROCURE.  V.  To  obtain;  to  cause,  h.  procuroj  from 
firoy  for,  and  euro,  to  take  care  of. 

PRODIGAL,  a^/.  Lavish.  L,.  firodigus;  from /irodig-Oy 
to  drive  forth:  firo,  before,  and  ag-o,  to  drive  or  act. 

PRODIGY,  s.  Something  out  of  the  ordinary  course  of 
nature.  L.  firodigium. — This  word  seems  to  have  an 
affinity  with  prodigal. 

PRODU'CE.  V,  To  exhibit;  to  bring  forth.  L.  produco; 
from  pro,  signifying  forward,  and  duco,  to  lead. 

PRO'DUCE.  s.  That  which  any  thing  yields,  of  a  ma- 
terial nature.  It  is  different  in  its  meaning  from  pro- 
duct,  which  is  an  arithmetical  result. — See  the  verb. 

PRODUCT,  s.  Result;  sum;  of  an  arithmetical,  rather 
than  of  a  material  kind.  It  is  used  in  a  different  sense 
from  produce,  which  is  a  material  result,  h.  produc- 
ius,  p.  part,  oi produco. — See  PRODU'CE. 

PRODUCTION,  s.  The  act  of  producing;  the  thing 
produced;  produce.  F.productio7i. — See  PRODUCT. 

PROEM,  s.  Preface;  introduction.  Old  F.  proe?}ie ; 
L.  procemiumi  G.  prooimion:  pro,  before,  and  oime,  a 
way. 

PROFANE,  adj.  Irreverent  to  sacred  things;  not  sa- 
cred. \j.  prof  anus:  pro,  before,  zwdfanum,  a  temple. 

PROFESS.  V.  To  declare  openly;  to  follow  as  a  pro- 
fession. L.  professus,  part,  oi projiteor;  from  pro,  be- 
fore, ?ini\fat€or,  to  confess. 

PROFICIENT,  adj.  Highly  advanced  in  the  knowledge 
of  any  thing.  L.  firojiciens,  part,  oi projicio,  to  go  for- 
ward:  pro,  before,  and yaczo,  to  do. 

PROFOUND,  adj.  Deep;  humble;  intellectually  deep. 


PRO— PRO 

L.  firofundus^  deep.  Profound  may  be  applied  to 
great  learning,  by  supposing  that  a  scholar  has  ex- 
amined deefily;  and  to  humility,  from  the  posture  in 
bowing. 

PROFUNDITY,  s.  Depth.—See  PROFOUND. 

PROFUSE,  adj.  Prodigal;  exuberant.  L.  /irqfusus. 
part.  o{ /irofu?idoy  to  pour  out. 

PROGENITOR,  s.  A  forefather;  a  person,  either  male 
or  female,  from  whom  another  has  descended,  h./wa- 
{fe?iitoi^;  from /z?'o,  before,  and  g'e7iOy  to  beget. 

PROGENY,  s.  Offspring,  h.  /irog-efiies:  /iroj  forward, 
and  getiiis,  a  race. 

PROGNOSTIC,  s.  Prediction;  omen.  G. /zro,  before, 
and  ginosko^  to  know. 

PROGRESS.  Motion  forward;  advancement.  L.  /iro- 
gressiis;  from /?ro,  forward,  and  gressus,  part,  oi gru- 
dior.,  to  go :  gradiis^  a  step. 

PROHIBIT,  -u.  To  forbid;  to  hinder.  'L.  prohibeo;  from 
pro.,  before,  and  habeo^  to  have  or  hold :  meaning,  some 
obstruction. 

PROJECT.  ~o.  To  throw  forward;  to  jut  out;  to  con- 
trive. L.  firojectum^  sup.  oifi7'ojicio;  from  /iro,  before, 
and  jacio,  to  throw. 

PROLATE,  adj.  Extended  beyond  an  exact  round.  L. 
firolatus^  p.  part,  oi  fir  of  era,  to  thrust  out;  firo^  be- 
fore, andy>ro,  to  carry. 

PROLEPSIS.  5.  A  form  of  rhetoric,  by  which  objec- 
tions are  anticipated ;  an  error  in  chronology,  by 
which  events  are  dated  too  early.  G.  firoie/isis:  firo^ 
before,  and  lambano.,  to  take. 

PROLIFIC,  adj.  F'ruitful;  productive.  F.  prolijique; 
L.  proles.,  a  race,  and /ac/o,  to  make. 

PROLIX,  adj.  Long;  not  concise,  h.  prolixus;  from 
pro.,  and  laxas,  loose. 

PROLOCUTOR.  5.  Speaker  of  a  convocation.  L,.  pro- 
locutor; from  pro,  for,  and  locjuor,  to  speak. 

PROLOGUE,  s.  Preface;  something  spoken  before  the 
beginning  of  a  play.  G.  prologos;  from  pro,  before, 
and  lo^os,  a  word. 

PROMENADE,  s.  A  walk;  a  place  for  walking.  F. 
iYon\  promener.,  to  walk:  Jiro.  signifying  forward,  and 
mener,  to  carry;  or  lead. 


PRO—PRO 

PROMINENT,  cf//.  Projecting;  conspicuous.  L.  firo- 

?ninens,  part,  of  Jiro?ni?ieo,  to  jut  out. 
PROMISCUOUS,    adj.   Mingled;   confused.    L.  /iro- 

77iiscuus;  from  pro^  and  misceo^  to  mix. 
PROMISE,  s.  Declaration  of  design;  expectation;  hope. 

h.  fi7-o?nissiifn;  from  /u'o,  before,  and  mitto^  to  send: 

that  is,  to  send  out  the  declaration  before  the  perform- 
ance is  accomplished. 
PROMONTORY.  5.  High  land,  jutting  into  the  sea;  a 

cape  or  headland,  L.  iiromontorium:  firo^  before,  and 

mons^  a  mountain. 
PROMOTE.  V.   To   forward;   to   advance.    L.  promo- 

tum,  sup.  oi promoveo)  from  /27'0,  forward,  and  inoveo^ 

to  move. 
PROMPT.  «f//.  Ready;  quick;  instant.  Y.  prompt;  L. 

pvomptus^  p.  part,  of  promo^   to  draw  out,  or  bring 

forth.     Prompt  payment  is  money  drawn  out. 
PROMPTER,  s.  One  who  aids  the  memory,   as   at  a 

theatre.— See  PROMPT. 
PROMULGATE,  v.  To  make  public,  lu..  promulgo; — 

the  primitives  seem  to  be  pro,  before,  and  vulgus,  the 

common  people. 
PRONE,  adj.  Lying  with  the  face  downward,  as  in  the 

act  of  worshiping;  bending  downward;   inclined.    L. 

promiHi  O.  pro,)  before,  and  naos,  a  temple. 
PRONOUN,  s.  A  word  used  instead  of  a  noun.  L./?n9, 

instead  of,  and  noun. 
PRONOUNCE.  V.  To  utter;  to  declare.  L.  promintio; 

from  pro,  before,  (in  presence  of,)  and  nuntio,  to  tell. 
PROPEL.  X'.  To  drive  forward.  L,.  propello;  from /jro, 

forward,  and  pello,  to  drive. 
PROPENSITY,  s.  Inclination  ;  desire.    L.  propensio: 

from  prop  ens  7CS,  part,  oi  propendeo,  to  lean  forward: 

pro,  forward,  and  pendeo,  to  hang. 
PROPER,  adj.  Peculiar;  not  common;  natural;  suita- 
ble. Y.propre;  L. /zro/zrzw^,  peculiar. 
PROPERTY,    s.   Peculiar   quality;   disposition;    thing 

possessed  in  one's  own  right. — See  PROPER. 
PROPHET,  s.  One  who  foretels  by  divine  inspiration. 

G.  pirophetes;  from  pro,  before,  and  phemi,  to  say. 
PROPHETIC,  or  PROPHETICAL,  adj.  Foreseeing 

or  foretelling  future  events, — Sec  PROPHET. 


PRO—PRO 

PROPITIATE,  v.  To  gain  the  favour  uf.  \..  prvj.ttio. 
i^.  /troJilTio;  pro,  before,  and/Vi/zo,  to  drink;  alluding 
to  a  heathen  sacrifice. 

PROPORTION,  s.  Comparative  relation;  symmetry. 
L.  jirofiortio;  from  pro,  according  to,  and  fiortio^  a 
part :  that  is,  one  part  referring  to  another. 

PROPOSE.  V.  To  offer  for  consideration.  1j.  pro/iosl- 
turn,  sup.  oi  pro}io7ioi  ivoni  p?'Oj  before,  and  po?io,  to 
place. 

PROPOUND.  V.  To  propose.  L.  propono.—See  PRO- 
POSE. 

PROPRIETOR,  s.  An  owner.  L.— See  PROPERTY. 

PROPRIETY,  s.  Accuracy;  justness.  L.  proprietas; 
from  propriusy  fit.—See  PROPER. 

PROPULSION,  s.  Act  of  propelling.  L.  propulsus,  p. 
part,  of  propello.See  PROPEL. 

PROROGUE.  V.  To  adjourn.  L.  prorogo,  to  defer; 
from/'7'o,  forward,  and  i^og-o,  to  desire  or  request. 

PROSCRIBE.  V.  To  doom  to  destruction;  to  forbid. 
L.  proscribo ;  from  Jiro^  concerning,  and  scrioG,  to 
write. 

PROSCRIPTION,  s.  Act  of  proscribing.  L.  proscrip- 
tlo;  proscriptus^  p.  part,  of  proscribo. — See  PRO- 
SCRIBE. 

PROSE,  s.  Language  not  restrained  to  harmonic  sounds 
or  regular  number  of  syllables.  ¥.  prose;  L.  prosa: 
from  prorsus,  straight  forward;  by  way  of  opposi- 
tion to  versus,  (hence  verse,)  a  turning  backward. — 
See  VERSE. 

PROSECUTE.  V.  To  pursue;  to  continue.  L.  prose- 
quor;  from  pro,  forward,  and  seguor,  to  follow. 

PROSODY,  s.  That  part  of  grammar  which  teaches 
the  just  sound  and  quantity  of  syllables,  and  the 
measures  of  verse.  G.  prosodia:  pros,  for,  and  ode, 
a  song. 

PROSOPOPOEIA,  s.  Personification.  G.  prosopopoiia; 
from  prosopon,  a  person,  and  poieo,  to  make. 

PROSPECT,  s.  View  of  something  distant.  L.  pro- 
spectus;  part,  oi  prospicio;  from  pro,  forward,  and 
specio,  to  see. 

PROSPECTIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  a  distant  view.— See 
PROSPECT. 

rso*] 


PRO— PRO 

PROSPECTUS,  s.  Plan,  generally  of  a  literary  work, 

L.  pros/iectus.-^See  PROSPECT. 
PROvSPER.  V.  To  be  successful.  "L.  prosjiero;  from  /zro, 

forward,  and  sjiero^  to  hope  or  expect. 
PROSTITUTE,  f.  To  expose  to  crime,  or  commit  sin, 

for  a  reward.  L.  jirostituo;   from  pro^  forward,  and 

statum^  sup.  of  5?o,  to  stand;  meaning,  to  offer  one's 

services  in  a  public  market. 
PROSTRATE,  adj.  Lying  at  length;  thrown  down.  L. 

prostratus^  p.  part,  oi  prostemo:  from  /zro,  before, 

and  sterno-)  to  spread. 
PROTECT.  V.  To  defend.  \^.  protectum.,  sup.  of /zro- 

tego;  from  pro.,  before,  and  tego-^  to  cover. 
PRO-TEMPORE.     For  a  time;' not  permanently.  L. 

pro^  for,  tempore.^  abl.  of  tenipus^  time,  or  a  time. 
PROTEST.  X'.  To  record  in  the  manner  of  a  notary;  to 

object.  Yi. protestor;  from  pro^  for,  and  testor^  to  bear 

witness :  testis^  a  witness. 
PROTHONOTARY.  s.  Chief  notary,  or  register.   G. 

protos,  first,  and  notary. 
PROTOTYPE.  5.  The  original.  F.  prototype:  G.  pro- 

totupon;   from  protos,  first,  and   tupos,   a  mark,  or 

form. 
PROTRACT.  V.  To  lengthen;  to    delay.    L.  protrac- 

tum^  sup.  oi  protraho;  from /zro,  forward,  and  traho^ 

to  draw. 
PROTRUDE,  -u.  To  thrust  forward,  l.. protriido;  from 

pro.,  before,  and  trudo,  to  thrust. 
PROTRUSION,  s.  Act  of  protruding.   L.  protrususy 

p.  part.  ofprotrudo.^SGe  PROTRUDE. 
PROTUBERANCE,  s.  A   swelling;   prominence.    L. 

proj  before,  (on  the  surface,)  and  tiiher,  a  bunch  or 

excrescence. 
PROVERB,  s.  A  short  moral  sentence.  'L.proverbium; 

from  pro.)  in  the  place  of,  verbinn^  a  speech  :  meaning, 

a  few  words  instead  of  many. 
PROVERBIAL,  adj.  Mentioned  as  a  proverb;  resem- 
bling a  proverb.— See  PROVERB. 
PROVIDE,  -v.  To  make  ready  beforehand;  to  supply; 

to  stipulate,  h.provideo:  from  pro,  before,  and  video, 

to  sec. 


PRO— PUG 

PROVIDENCE,  s.  The  act  of  providing;  divine  super- 
intendence. F.  fwovidence. — See  PROVIDE. 

PROVINCE,  s.  Originally,  a  conquered  country ;  gene- 
rally, a  large  district,  h.  /n-ovincia;  from /zro,  before, 
and  vinco,  to  conquer. 

PROVISION,  s.  Something  provided;  stipulation.  L. 
/irovisio;  ivom  provide o. — See  PROVIDE. 

PROVISO,  s.  Stipulation.  Lj.  firoviso,  abl.  oi firovisus^ 
p.  part,  of /2rox;;V/eo.-— See  PROVIDE. 

PROVOCATION,  s.  Act  or  cause  by  which  anger  is 
excited.  L.  provocatio. — See  PROVOKE. 

PROVOKE.  V.  To  enrage;  to  promote.  L.  firovoco; 
from  /zro,  forward,  and  uoco^  to  call. 

PROW.  s.  The  forepart  of  a  ship.  F.  firoue;  G.  firora; 
from  /2ro,  before,  and  rheo.,  to  proceed. 

PROWESS.  5.  Bravery;  valour;  courageous  excitement 
which  places  a  mm-\  forward^  or  in  Xh^fi-ont  of  a  bat- 
tle. F./2ro«e5se.— See  PROW. 

PROXIMITY,  s.  Nearness.  \^.proximitasi  from  fir oxi- 
mus^  nearest. 

PROXY,  s.  The  agency  of  another;  the  agent  employ- 
ed. Abbreviation  of  L.  firoximus,  a  neighbour. — See 
PROXIMITY. 

PRUDENT,  adj.  Provident;  discreet.  F.  prudent;  L. 
firudefiSj  an  abbreviation  of  firox'idens ^See  PRO- 
VIDE. 

PRURIENCE,  s.  Great  desire  or  appetite  for  any  thing. 
L.  /iruriensj  part,  oi /irurio^  to  itch. 

PSALM,  s.  A  holy  song.  G.  Jisalmos^  a  tune  for  a  mu- 
sical histrument;  from  psallo^  to  strike  [the  harp- 
strings]  :  fisallo^  signifies  also,  to  praise  in  song, — the 
harp  being  originally  used  for  songs  of  praise;  as  by 
David. 

PSALTER,  s.  The  volume  of  psalms.  G.  psalterion; 
from  fisallo.—^ce  PSALM. 

PSEUDO.  ac//.  False;  counterfeit.  G. /iscud'os,  false. 

PUBERTY,  s.  Sexual  maturity.  L.  fiubertas;  horn  fiu- 
der,  of  ripe  age. 

PUERILE,  adj.  Childish.  L,.  fiuerilis;  from  fiuer^  a  boy. 

PUGNACITY,  s.  Quarrelsomeness;  inclination  to  fight. 
1j.  pugnacitas J  pugna^  a  fight. 


PUI— PUR 

PUISNE',  adj.  A  puisne  (puny)  judge,  is  one  of  inferior 
rank.  F.  puUne^  younger,  (meaning-  weaker)  :  from  nc, 
not,  and  fiouvoir^  to  be  able. 

PUISSANT,  adj.  Powerful.  F.  from  pouvoir^  to  be 
able. 

PULMONARY,  adj.  Relating  to  the  lungs.  I.,  fiulmc. 
the  lungs. 

PULSATION,  s.  The  act  of  beating  or  moving  rapidly 
against  something  opposing;  the  beating  of  the  pulse. 
\j,.  fiulsatio:  pulsus^  p.  part,  oifiello,  to  strike. 

PULSE,  s.  The  perceptible  action  of  the  blood,  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  body,  h./iulsusj  from  a  part,  oifielloy 
to  strike. 

PULVERIZE.  V.  To  reduce  to  powder.  L.  fiulverisy 
gen.  oi pu/vis,  dust. 

PUNCTILIO,  s.  A  nice  point  of  exactness;  etiquette. 
—See  PUNCTUAL. 

PUNCTILIOUS,  adj.  Extremely  exact.— See  PUNC- 
TUAL. 

PUNCTUAL,  adj.  Exact.  Y.punctiiel.  L. /iinictuniy  a 
point.— See  POINT. 

PUNCTUATION,  s-.  The  act  or  method  of  pointing, 
or  placing  stops,  L.  iiunctumy  a  point. — See  POINT. 

PUNCTURE,  s.  A  hole  made  by  a  sharp  point.  L. 
fiunctumy  a  point. — See  POINT. 

PUNGENT,  adj.  Sharp  on  the  tongue;  piercing;  acri- 
monious. \u.  iiun!£ensy  part,  oi fiungOy  to  prick. 

PUNY.  adj.  Inferior;  Aveak— See  PUISNE'. 

PUPIL,  s.  A  scholar.  L..  jnijiillusy  a  male  orphan  ;/2w- 
fiillay  a  female  orphan:  ivom.  Jiupa^  a  baby:  also,  the 
apple  of  the  eye;  alluding  to  the  small  image  reflected 
by  the  eye. 

PURGATORY,  s.  A  temporary  hell,  or  place  of  pur- 
gation from  sin,  believed  to  exist  by  the  Roman 
Catholics.  L.  fiurgatorium ;  from  purgo.-  See 
PURGE. 

PURGE.  V.  To  cleanse.  'L.  purgo^  to  cleanse. 

PURLIEUS.  6'.  Origmally  related  to  lands  in  England 
which  were  detached  from  the  royal  forests,  and  ex- 
onerated from  the  forest-law;  but  purlieus  now  mean 
some  privileged  district,  in  general.  V.pur^  pure,  or 
unmixed,  and  lieuy  place. 


PUR— PYR 

PURPORT.  .1.  Design.  F.  /iour/io?'te;  from  pour,  for, 
and  /lorter,  to  carry.  L.  /iro  and /2o?-z'o. 

PURPOSE,  s.  Intention  ;  effect  of  the  intention.  Y./iour, 
for,  and  Jioser,  to  place  :  L.  //ro,  and  /lono. 

PURSUE.  V.  To  chase;  to  continue.  F.  poursiiivre; 
from  jiour,  for,  and  suivre,  to  follow. 

PURSUIVANT,  s.  An  attendant  on  the  heralds.  F. 
fioursuivant,  part,  oi Jioursuivre,  to  follow. 

PURULENT,  adj.  Consisting  of  corrupted  matter.  L, 
fiurulentiis;  horn  /iicris,  gen.  of /2^^5,  corruption. 

PURVEYOR,  s.  One  who  collects  provisions;  a  pro- 
curer. F.  fiurvoyein';  from  pour,  for,  and  voir,  to  see. 

PUS.  s.  Matter  issuing  from  a  sore.  L.  pus,  corruption. 

PUSILLANIMITY,  s.  Cowardice.  F.  pusillanimUe ; 
L.  pusillus,  weak,  and  animus,  the  soul,  or  mind. 

PUSTULE,  s.  A  small  swelling.  L.  fiustula:  pus,  mat- 
ter, or  corruption. 

PUTREFY,  -u.  To  rot;  to  become  foul.  F.  putrijier:  L. 
putris,  rotten,  and^o,  to  become. 

PUTRESCENT,  adj.  Growing  rotten  or  foul.  \a.  pii- 
trescens,  part,  oi putresco;  from  putris,  rotten. 

PUTRID.  C6(;.  Rotten;  foul.  \^.  putridus,  YotlQn. 

PYGMY.  5.— See  PIGMY. 

PYRAMID,  s.  A  solid  figure,  the  sides  of  which  are 
plain  triangles,  meeting  in  a  point.  F.  pyraviide:  G. 
pturamis;  from  pur,  fire:  because  fire  ascends  in  a 
similar  form. 

PYRITES,  s.  A  mineral,  som.etimes  called  j'?re-stone. 
Some  of  its  varieties  are  sulphurets  of  iron,  and  others, 
sulphurets  of  copper,  with  a  portion  of  alumine  and 
silex.  G.  pur,  fire. 

PYROLIGNOUS.  adj.  The  acid  called  pyrolignous  re- 
sembles the  acetous ;  and  is  obtained  by  exposing 
wood,  confined  in  a  cylinder  of  iron,  to  the  action  of 
fire:  G.  jiur,  fire,  and  L.  lignum,  wood. 

PYROMETER,  s.  An  instrument,  invented  by  Wedge- 
wood,  for  ascertaining  the  heat  of  ovens,  furnaces, 
and  intense  fires,  G./^z^r,  fire,  and  metreo,X.o  measure. 

PYROPHORI.  s.  Compound  substances,  which  ignite 
on  the  admission  of  atmospheric  air.  G.pur,  fire,  and 
phero,  to  bear. 


PYR— QUA 

PYROTECHNICS,  s.  The  art  of  making  fireworks.  G. 

fiui',  fire,  and  tcchne^  art. 
PYRRHONISM,    s.  Scepticism;    universal   doubting. 

Pyrrho^  a  Grecian   philosopher,  the   founder  of  the 

Sceptics. 


QUADRANGLE.    .9.  A    square;   a  surface  with   four 

right    angles.    L.   quadrangulus :    quadratus^    (from 

(jiiatuor^  four,)  squared,  and  avgulus^  an  angle. 
QUADRANT,  s.  A  quarter;  the  quarter  of  a  circle;  an 

instrument  for  measuring  altitudes.  L.  quadrans^  the 

fourth  part:  qiiatuor^  four. 
QUADRATE,  adj.  Square;   divisible  into   four  equal 

parts.  L.  quadratus^  part,  of  quadra^  to  square:  qua- 

tuor^  four. 
QUADRATIC,    adj.   Belonging    to   a  square. See 

QUADRATE. 
QUADRATURE,  s.  The  act  of  squaring;  state  of  being 

square;   the  first  and  last   quarter  of  the   moon.  L. 

quadratura.—^eQ  QUADRATE. 
QUADRENNIAL,  adj.  Lasting  four  years;  happening 

once  in  four  years.  L.  quadricnnium;  comp.  of  qua- 

tuor.,  four,  and  an?2us^  a  year. 
QUADRIBLE.  adj.  Capable  of  being  squared.  L.  qua- 

dro,  to  square  :  c/natuor,  four. 
QUADRILATEPvAL.  adj.  Plaving  four  sides.  L.  qua- 

tiior.)  four,  and  latera.,  (pi.  of  latun^)  sides. 
QUADRIPARTITE,  adj.  Having  four  parts.  L.  qua- 

tuor.,  four,  d.nd  partitus,  p.  part,  oi  Jiartio,  to  divide: 

pars.,  a  part. 
QUADRUPED,  s.  An  animal  which  has  four  feet.  L. 

quadrupedis.,  gen.  of  qiiadru/ies:  from  qiiatuor^  four, 

and  pefi^  a  foot. 
QUADRUPLE,  adj.  Fourfold;  four  times  told.  L.  qua^ 

dru/ilus:  quatuor.,  four. 
QUADRUPLICATE.  ~o.  To   double  twice;    to   make 

fourfold.    L.    qiiadriiplico:    quatuor^    four,  and  plico^ 

to  fold. 
QUALIFY.  -V.  To  adapt;  to  furnish  with  what  is  neces- 


QUA— QUA 

sary  for  a  particular  state  or  profession ;  to  abate.  F, 
(jualijier:  L.  qualis,  such  as,  audyac/o,  to  make. 

QUALITY,  s.  Sort,  relatively  considered;  property; 
rank.  L.  qualitas:  cjualis,  of  what  kind,  such  as. 

QUJMDIU  8E  BEjYE  GES8ERIT.  As  lonij  as  he 
shall  conduct  himself  properly ;  a  condition  on  which 
the  English  judges  hold  their  offices.  L.  quamdiu^  as 
long  as,  gesserit^  (from  gero^)  he  shall  conduct,  se^  him- 
self, bene^  well. 

QUANTITY,  s.  Indeterminate  weight  or  measure ; 
portion  ;  prosodial  measure.  L.  quantitas^  quantity. 

QUANTUM,  s.  Quantity;  amount;  proportion  assign- 
ed. L. 

QUAJK'TUM  MERUIT.  As  much  as  he  has  earned, 
or  deserved.  L.  quantus^  and  mereo. 

QUAA'TUM  SUEEICIT.  As  much  as  is  sufficient.  L. 
quantus  and  sufficio. 

QUA  RE  IMP  ED  IT.  The  name  of  a  writ,  which  lies 
for  the  patron  of  a  church-living,  against  the  person 
Avho  has  disturbed  his  right  of  advowson.  L.  quarcy 
wherefore,  imfiedit^  (from  impedio^  does  he  hinder. 

QUARANTINE,  s.  Originally,  the  space  oi forty  days, 
in  which,  a  ship,  suspected  of  infection,  was  obliged 
to  forbear  intercourse  with  the  port  to  which  she  was 
bound ;  but  the  duration  of  quarantine  is  now  variable. 
F.  quarantaine:  quarante.,  forty. 

QUART,  s.  The  fourth  part  of  a  gallon.  F.  quart-,  L. 
quartus^  the  fourth:  from  quatuor.,  four. 

QUARTAN,  adj.  A  quartan  ague  occurs  every  fourth 
day.  L.  quartanus;  quartus.^  the  fourth  :  quatiior.,  four. 

QUARTATION.  s.  A  chemical  operation,  by  which, 
three  parts  of  silver  are  fused  with  a  fourth  part  of 
gold,  in  order  to  purify  the  latter.  L.  quartiis,  the 
fourth. 

QUARTER.  5.  A  fourth  part;  a  region  of  the  skies,  as 
denoted  by  the  mariner's  compass;  a  particular  region 
of  the  town  or  country,  without  regard  to  arithmetical 
division:  hence,  the  term  quarters^  for  military.  F. 
quartier;   L.  quartus:  quatuor.^  four. 

QU  ARTILE.  s.  An  aspect  of  the  planets,  when  they  arc 
ninety  degrees  (the  fourth  of  a  circle)  distant  from 
each  other.  L.— See  QUARTER. 


QUA— .QUI 

QUARTO,  s.  A  book  in  which  every  sheet  of  paper 
makes  four  leaves.  L.  abl.  of  quartus^  the  fourth. 

QUATERNITY.  s,  A  term  which  includes  four.  L. 
quaterni:  quatuor^  four. 

QUERIST,  s.  An  inquirer.  L.  quxro^  to  seek. 

QUERULOUS,  adj.  Mourning;  whining;  habitually 
complaining.  L.  querulus;  quei-ela^  a  complaint;  que- 
ror,  to  complain. 

QUERY,  s.  A  question;  an  inquiry  to  be  resolved.  L. 
qucere,  imper.  of  quai^o^  to  seek. 

QUEST,  s.  Search.  F.  queste:  L.  qucssitus^  p.  part,  of 
quero^  to  seek. 

QUESTION,  s.  Interrogatory;  subject  of  inquiry  or 
debate;  doubt.  F.  question;  L.  questio:  quccsitus^  p. 
part,  of  quero^  to  seek. 

QUIB-JVUjYC.  s.  a  news-hunter,  or  coffee-house  poli- 
tician. L.  quid,  what,  nunc,  now. 

QUIESCENT,  adj.  Not  moving;  reposing.  L.  quies- 
cens,  part,  of  quiesco,  to  be  quiet. 

QUIET,  adj.  Still ;  free  from  disturbance ;  inoffensive.  L. 
qiiietus,  part,  oi  quiesco,  to  be  quiet. 

QUIETUS,  s.  A  cant  word,  denoting  something  to  ren- 
der a  person  tame  or  submissive.  L.  quietus,  quiet. 

QUINARY,  adj.  Consisting  of  five.  L.  quinarius:  quin- 
que,  five. 

QUINQUAGESIMA.  adj.  Quinquagesima,  or  Shrove 
Sunday,  is  the  fiftieth  day  before  Easter,  reckoned  by 
whole  numbers.  L.  fem.  of  quinquagesimus,  the  fif- 
tieth. 

QUINQUENNIAL,  ft^^'.  Lasting  five  years;  happening 
once  in  five  years.  L.  quinquennis:  quinque,  five,  and 
annus,  a  year. 

QUINTESSENCE,  s.  An  imaginary  fifth  being  of  the 
old  philosophers;  an  extract  from  any  thing,  contain- 
ing all  its  virtues  in  a  small  bulk.  L.  qiiinta,  fem.  of 
quintus,  the  fifth,  and  essence. 

QUINTUPLE,  adj.  Fivefold.  L.  quintuiilus;  quinqiie, 
five. 

QUIRE,  s.  A  body  of  singers.  F.  cAoewr.—See  CHOIR. 

QUI  TAM.  An  action  in  the  manner  of  an  informa- 
tion on  a  penal  statute.  L.  qui^  how,  or  why,  tarn,  so. 


QUO— QUO 

QUOJD  HOC.  As  tar  as  this  [point  of  the  argument, 
Sec]  L.  cjuoad^  as  much  as,  or  as  far  as,  hoc^  this. 

QUO  A.yiMO.  "With  what  mind,"  or  with  what  de- 
sign or  intention.  L.  abl.  oi  (juis^  and  animus. 

QUO  JURE.     By  w^hat  right.  L.  abl.  of  y^w,  andyz/.s. 

QUONDAIVI.  Having  been  formerly.  L.  quondam.^  iu 
time  past. 

QUORUM.  .9.  A  magistrate  of  a  certain  rank;  a  bench 
of  magistrates;  a  number  of  any  members  sufficient 
to  transact  business.  The  term  is  thus  used  from  the 
words  of  the  commission, — ^' quorum^  A.  B.  umun 
esse  voliunusy"  {^of  Tj/io?n,  A.  B.  we  wish  you  to  be 
one.)  Where  a  commission  is  directed  to  seven  per- 
sons, or  to  any  three  of  them,  whereof  A.  B.  and  C.  D. 
are  to  be  two ;  in  this  case  tiiey  are  said  to  be  of  the 
cjuorum  ( of  whom; )  because,  the  rest  cannot  proceed 
to  business  without  them  : — so,  ''  a  justice  of  the  peace 
and  quorum,"  is  one,  without  wliom  the  rest  of  the 
justices,  in  some  cases,  cannot  proceed;  and  a  quorum 
of  any  deliberative  c.ssembly  has  the  same  relation. 

QUOTA,  s.  Share;  proportion  assigned  to  each.  L.  fern. 
of  qiiotus:  from  quot,  so  many  as. 

QUOTE.  V.  To  use,  by  way  of  authority  or  illustration, 
the  words  of  another.  F.  cote?',  to  mark  by  successive 
letters  or  numbers. 

QUOTIDIAN,  adj.  A  quotidian  fever  returns  every 
day.  L.  quotidiayuis:  qiiot,  every,  and  dies.)  a  day. 

QUOTIENT,  s.  A  number  produced  by  the  division 
of  two  other  given  numbers,  the  one  by  the  other; 
as,  the  quotient  of  50,  divided  by  10,  is  5.  F.  quotient: 
L.  quo  ties,  as  many  times. 

QUO  WJRRAj\''Td.  By  what  warrant,  or  authority.  L, 


[211 


RAB— RAX 


R. 


RABBLE,  s.  A  tumultuous  crowd;  the  lowest  of  the 
populace.  L.  rabula,  a  wrangler:  rabies^  rage. 

RABDOMANCY.  &.  Pretended  divination  by  means 
of  rods.   G.  rabdos,  a  rod,  and  manteia,  a  fortelling. 

RADIANT,  adj.  Emitting  rays;  shining.  L.  radians^ 
part,  of  radio,  to  emit  beams  and  rays,  or  to  glitter: 
radius,  a  ray:  G.  rabdos,  a  small  branch,  or  rod. 

RADL\TED.  adj.  Adorned  with  rays.  L.  radiatus. — 
See  RADIANT. 

RADICAL,  adj.  Affecting  the  root;' primitive;  im- 
planted by  nature.  F.  radical:  L.  radicis,  gen.  of  ra- 
dix,  a  root. 

RADICATE,  -v.  To  form  a  root ;  to  plant  deeply  and 
firmly.  L.  radicor;  radix,  a  root. 

RADICLE.  *.  That  part  of  the  seed,  which,  after  its 
vegetation,  becomes  its  root.  L.  radicula,  dim.  of  ra- 
dix, a  root. 

RADIUS,  s.  The  semidiameter  of  a  circle;  (pi.  radii.) 
L.  radius,  a  ray;   G.  rabdos,  a  small  branch,  or  rod. 

RAGOUT,  s.  Meat  stewed  and  highly  seasoned.  F. 
from  gout,  taste. 

RALLY.  V.  To  re-assemble  and  put  in  order  dispersed 
forces.  F.  rallicr:  re,  again,  and  allier,  to  join: — to 
tease  by  frequent  attempts  of  satire;  railler,  to  jeer. 

RAMIFY.  V.  To  separate  into  branches.  F.  ramijier: 
L.  ramus,  a  branch,  and /aczo,  to  make. 

RAMOUS.  adj.  Branchy.  L.  ramus,  a  branch. 

RAMPART,  s.  In  fortification,  an  elevation  of  earth 
around  a  place,  capable  of  resisting  cannon.  F.  rempart; 
from  remfiarer,  to  fence. 

RANCID,  adj.  Emitting  a  putrid  smell.  L.  ra7icidu.s, 
musty,  stale. 

RANCOUR,  s.  Inveterate  malignity.  F.  rancoeur: 
ranee,  rusty,  and  coeur,  the  heart :  L.  rancid  us  and  cor. 

PvANGE.  V.  To  place  in  a  row,  or  in  order;  to  rove  at 
large,  as  if  along  the  entire  row.  F.  ranger:  rang, 
a  row. 


RAN—RAT 

RANK.  .-?.  A  row;  a  class  or  order;  degree,  as  if  de- 
noting in  what  row.  F,  I'uug-^  a  row. 
RANSOM,   s.   Price  of  redemption  from   captivity  or 

punisljmcnt.  F.  ran^on. 
RAi^ACrrY.    s.    Inclination    to    plunder;    exercise   of 

plunder.   F.  rajiacite;  L.  ra/mcitus;  rajiax,  ravenous; 

rcijiw^  to  pull,  or  take  by  violence. 
RAPID,  adj.  Swift.   F.  ra/iide;  L.  rafiidus:  rafitus^  p. 

part,  of  rapio^  to  take  by  violence. 
RAPIER,  s.  A  species  of  sword.  F.  rapkre;  L.  rafiio^ 

to  take  by  violence. 
RAPINE,  s.  Act   of  plundering;  violence.  F.  rapiric; 

L.  rufiina;  rapio^  to  pull,  or  take  by  violence. 
RAPTURE.  .9.  Extasy;  violence  of  any  pleasing  affec- 
tion or  passion.  L.  rajiturus.,  (part,  of  rapto,)  about 

to  take,  or  hurry  away,  by  violence. 
RARA   AVIS.     A   rare  bird;   something   singular   or 

wonderful.  L.  rara,  fern,  of  7^arus,  rare,  and  avis^  a 

bird. 
RARE.  adj.  Scarce;  uncommon;  unfrequent.  F.  rare; 

L.  rants ^  thin,  or  not  thick  set. 
RAREFACTION.  *.  Act  of  rarefying.   L.  rarus^  thin, 

zxx^factio^  a  power  of  making  :,/«c/o,  to  make. 
RAREFY.  V.  To  make  thin,  or  less  dense.  F.  rarejier: 

L.  rarus^  thin,  andyaczo,  to  make. 
RARITY.   *.   Uncommonness;   a  thing  valued   for  its 

scarcity.  F.  rarite;  L.  raritas. — See  RARE. 
RATE.  .9.  Assigned   value;  allowance;    degree;  rank; 

mode  of  action;  degree  to  which  any  thing  is  done; 

tax.  L.  7-a;'z^5,  part,  of  7Tor,  to  suppose. 
RATIFY.  V.  To  confirm.  F.  ratijier;  L.  ratusy  (part. 

of  ?'(?or,)  established,  and/ac/o,  to  make. 
RATIO.  .9.  Rate;   proportion.  L.  from  ratus^  part,  of 

reor^  to  suppose. 
RATIOCINATION,   s.   The   act   of  reasoning,   or  of 

deducing  consequences  from  premises,  L.  ratiocina' 

iio;  ratiocinatusy   part,  of  ratiocinor^  to  cast  an  ac- 
count, or  reckon. — See  RATIO. 
RATIONAL,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  reasoning;  in 

conformity  with  reason;  judicious.  L.  ratlonalis:  ra- 

-'ioy  reason.— See  RATE, 


RAV—REC 

RAVAGE.  V.  To  plunder;  to  lay  waste.  F.  ravage r: 
L.  ra/iio^  to  take  by  violence. 

RAY.  6'.  A  beam  of  light;  any  lustre,  corporeal  or  in- 
tellectual. F.  raie ;  from  the  L.  radius. — See  RA- 
DIUS. 

RAZE.  V.  To  make  level  with  the  ground;  to  ruin;*  to 
efface.  F.  raser:  L.  rasus,  p.  part,  of  rado,  to  shave. 

RAZOR,  s.  A  knife  for  shaving  the  beard.  L.  rasor; 
from  rasus,  p.  part,  of  rado^  to  shave. 

RAZURE.  s.  Erasure;  act  of  erasing.  F.  rasure;  L. 
razura. — See  RAZE. 

REAL.  adj.  Not  fictitious,  but  actually  existing;  genu- 
ine; consisting  of  things  immoveable,  as  land, — not 
transitory  as  furniture  or  money.  L,.  realis :  res,  a 
thing. 

REALIZE.  V.  To  make  real;  to  acquire  beyond  the 
reach  of  contingency ;  to  induce  one's  mind  to  believe 
any  extreme  happiness  or  affliction. — See  REAL. 

REALM.  6'.  Properly,  a  kingdom;  in  its  restricted  sense, 
the  dominion,  exclusive  of  colonies.  The  province  of 
Canada  is  not  considered  as  a  part  of  the  British  realm. 
F.  roiaiihne;  roi,  a  king. 

REANIMATE,  v.  To  revive.  L.  re,  again,  and  ani- 
mate. 

REASON,  s.  Rational  faculty;  mind;  cause;  motive; 
justice;  moderation.  F.  raiso7i;  L.  ratio:  from  ratus, 
part,  of  re c 7-,  to  suppose,  or  judge. 

REASONABLE,  adj.  Rational;  just;  moderate.  F.  rai- 
sonnable. — See  REASON. 

RE  ASSUME.  V.  To  resume;  to  take  again.  L.  re,  again, 
and  assume. 

REASSURE.  V.  To  assure  again.  L.  re,  again,  and  as- 
sure, 

REBAPTIZE.  V.  To  baptize  again.  L.  re,  again,  and 
baptize. 

REBEL,  -v.  To  revolt,  after  being  conquered;  to  rise 
against  lawful  authority.  L.  rebello;  comp.  of  r^,  again, 
and  bello,  to  wage  war:  helium,  war. 

REBUILD,  'o.  To  build  again.  L.  re,  again,  and  build. 

REBUS,  s,  A  word  represented  by  a  picture.  L.  rebus, 
(abl.  pi.  of  7'C5,)  by  things. 

RECANT.  X'.  To  retract;   to   contradict  one's  former 


REC— REC 

professions.  L.  recanto:  comp.  of  7V,  again,  and  canto^ 

to  sini^. 
RECAPITULATE,  x^.  To  repeat  the  heads  of  a  former 

discourse;  to  capitulate  again.  F.  recafiituler:  L.  re^ 

again,  and  cafiitulatim^  by  heads  or  chapters:  cafiut^ 

a  head. 
RECEDE.  X'.  To  fall  back;  to  retreat.  L.  recedo:  re, 

back,  and  cedo,  to  depart. 
RECEIPT.  5.  The  act  of  receiving;  written  evidence  of 

a  thing  received.  L.  rece/itur?2j  rece/itus,  p.  part,  of 

reel/no. — See  RECEIVE. 
RECEIVE,  'o.  To  take  or  get  into  one's  possession;  to 

embrace  intellectually;  to  admit.  F.  recevoir;  L.  re- 

cipio:  re,  back,  or  again,  and  cafiio,  to  take. 
RECENT,  adj.  New;  late;  fresh.  L.  receris,  new. 
RECEPTACLE.  5.  A  vessel  or  place  into  which  any 

thing  is  received.  L.  rece/itaculum.^-^See  RECEIPT. 
RECEPTION,  s.  Act  of  receiving;  state  of  being  re- 
ceived.—See  RECEIPT. 
RECEPTIVE,  adj.  Having  the  faculty  of  receiving. — 

See  RECEIPT. 
RECESS,  s.  Retirement;  secession;  place  of  retirement, 

or  secrecy;  a  niche.  L.  recessus,  part,  of  recedo.' — See 

RECEDE. 
RECESSION,  s.  Act  of  receding.  L.  recessio. — See  RE« 

CESS. 
RECIPE',   s.  A  medical   prescription;  a  direction  for 

apportioning  the  ingredients  of  any  compound.  L.  im- 

per.  ofrecifiio. — See  RECEIPT. 
RECIPIENT,  s.  The  thing  which  receives.  L.  recijii- 

ens.,  part,  of  reci/iio. — See  RECEIVE. 
RECIPROCAL,  ar/;.  Alternate;  mutual.  L.  reci/irocus, 

going,  or  flowing,  backward  and  forward:  comp.  of  re, 

back,  ca/iio,  to  take,  and  /iro,  forward. 
RECITATIVE,  or  RECITATIVO.  s.  Chaunt;  a  kind 

of  tuneful  pronunciation,  more  musical  than  common 

speech,  and  less  musical  than  song. — See  RECITE. 
RECITE.  V.  To  rehearse;  to  repeat;  to  enumerate.  L. 

recito;  from  re,  again,  and  cito,  to  call  [into  the  me- 
mory.] 
RECLAIM,  -v.  To  reform;  to  correct;  to  restore  to  a 
[21*] 


REC— REC 

state  of  arability.  L.  reclamo:  ?'e,  back,  and  clamo^  lo 
call. 

RECLINE,  -v.  To  lean  back;  to  repose.  L.  reclino:  re^ 
back,  and  ciino^  to  bend. 

RECLUSE,  adj.  Secluded.  F.  reclus:  L.  r^,  back,  and 
claiistis^  p.  part,  oi  claudo^  to  shut. 

RECOGNISANCE,  s.  Acknowledgment;  bond  of  ac- 
knowledgment, Avith  regard  to  a  debt,  or  to  a  penalty 
that  may  accrue  by  non-appearance  in  a  court  of  law. 
Y.reconnoissance^  {Jovm.Qv\y,  recognisance.) — See  RE- 
COGNISE. 

RECOGNISE.  V.  To  know  again.  L.  re,  again,  and 
cog-nosco,  to  know. 

RECOGNITION.  cc(/.  Act  of  recognising;  renovation 
of  knowledge.  L.  recogjiitio. — See  RECOGNISE. 

RECOIL.  V.  To  rush  back;  to  retire  rapidly  from  some 
opposing  danger.  E.  reculer:  re^  back,  and  cw/,  the 
breech. 

RECOIN.  V.  To  coin  over  again.  L.  re,  again,  and  coin. 

RECOLLECT,  v.  To  collect  again;  to  restore  to  the 
memory.  L.  re,  again,  and  collect. 

RECOMMEND,  v.  To  commend,  to  another,  that 
•  which  is  already  commended  to  oneself;  to  make  ac- 
ceptable. L.  re,  again,  and  commend. 

RECOMMIT.  V.  To  commit  again.  L.  re,  again,  and 
commit. 

RECOMPENSE,  v.  To  requite;  to  give  an  equivalent. 
F.  recomjienser:  L.  re,  back,  and  compenso^  to  recom- 
pense: C072,  with,  and^ewso,  to  consider,  or  value. 

RECONCILE,  -v.  To  cause  a  renewal  of  affection  or 
regard;  to  make  consistent.  L.  reconcilio:  re,  again, 
and  concilio,  to  join.— See  CONCILIATE. 

RECONNOITRE,  v.  To  view;  to  explore.  F.  comp. 
of  re,  again,  and  connoitre.,  to  know. 

RECORD.  X'.  To  cause  to  be  remembered;  to  register. 
L.  recorder:  re,  again,  and  cor,  the  heart,  or  mind. 

RECOUNT.  V.  To  relate  in  detail;  to  reckon  again. 
F.  reconter:  re,  again,  and  conter,  to  count  or  reckon. 

RECOURSE,  s.  Return;  access.  F.  recours;  L.  re- 
cursus;  from  recurro:  re,  back,  and  ciirro,  to  run. 

RECREANT,  adj.  Cowardly;  crying  out  for  mercy; 


REC— RED 

recanting  through  fear.  F.  recriant^  pait.  of  recrier: 
from  /'d-,  back,  or  again,  and  crier^  to  cry  out. 

RECREMENT,  s.  Superfluous  or  useless  parts;  dross. 
L.  rcci'ementum:  re,  back,  and  cresco^  to  increase,  or 
creo^  to  create ;  meaning,  the  reverse  of  mcrement. — 
See  INCREMENT. 

RECRIMINATE,  v.  To  charge,  with  another  crime, 
the  person  who  has  n:iade  the  first  charge.  L.  re,  back, 
and  criminate. 

RECRUIT.  V.  To  repair  by  a  new  supply;  to  restore 
in  number  a  wasted  army.  F.  recruter:  re,  again,  and 
croitre,  to  increase. 

RECTANGLE,  s.  A  figure  v/hich  has  one  angle  or 
more,  of  ninety  degrees.  L.  rectus,  straight,  and  an- 
gulus,  an  angle. 

RECTIFY,  -v.  To  make  right;  to  refine  or  strengthen 
by  repeated  distillation.  F.  rectifier:  L.  rectus,  straight, 
or  just,  and yac/o,  to  make. 

RECTILINEAR,  adj.  Consisting  of  right  lines.  L.  rec- 
tus, straight,  and  linea,  a  line. 

RECTITUDE,  s.  Honesty;  freedom  from  moral  curvity 
or  obliquity.  F.  rectitude:  L.  rectum;  from  rectus,  (p, 
part,  of  rego,)  ruled  or  ordered :  meaning  that  which 
is  ordered  to  be  done. 

RECTOR,  s.  A  governor;  a  clergyman  who  receives 
higher  tythes  than  a  vicar.  L.  rector:  rectus,  p.  part. 
of  7'ego,  to  rule. 

RECUMBENT,  adj.  Lying,  or  leaning.  L.  reciimbeiis, 
part,  oi  recianbo,  to  lean  upon. 

RECUR.  V.  To  happen  again;  to  come  back  to  the 
memory;  to  have  recourse  to.  L.  recurro:  re,  again, 
or  back,  and  curro,  to  run. 

RECUR VOUS.  adj.  Bent  backwards.  L.  recurvus: 
7'e,  back,  and  curvus,  crooked,  or  bent. 

REDEEM,  -u.  To  ransom;  to  pay  the  penalty  of;  to  res- 
cue. L.  redimo:  re,  back,  or  again,  and  emo,  to  buy. 

REDEMPTION,  s.  Ransom;  release;  rescue,  lu,  re- 
demfitio:  redem^itus,  p.  part,  of  redimo.'—^QQ  RE- 
DEEM. 

REDOLENT,  adj.  Sweet-smelling.  L.  redolens,  part, 
oiredoleoi  from  re^  back,  and  oleo,  to  yield  a  smell. 


RED—REF 

REDOUBLE,  v.  To  double  again;  to  renew  with  in- 
creased assiduity.  L.  re,  again,  and  double. 

REDOUND.  V.  To  be  sent  back  by  reaction;  to  con- 
duce; to  proceed.  L.  redimdo:  re,  back,  and  undo, 
to  spread  as  waves,  or  abound :  unda,  a  wave. 

REDRESS,  -u.  To  amend;  to  remedy;  to  relieve;  to 
ease.  F.  redresser ;  re,  again,  and  dresser,  to  make 
straight:  L.  re,  again,  and  directus,  p.  part,  oi  dirigo, 
to  direct  or  range :  di,  separately,  and  rego,  to  rule 
or  set  right. 

REDUCE.  V.  To  bring  to  the  former  state;  to  reform; 
to  bring  to  a  state  of  diminution;  to  degrade;  to  sub- 
due, L.  reduco:  re,  back,  and  duco,  to  lead. 

REDUCTION,  s.  Act  of  reducing;  science  of  reducing. 
F.  reduction;  L.  reductio:  from  reductus,  p.  part,  of 
re(/wco.—See  REDUCE. 

REDUNDANT,  adj.  Superabundant;  superfluous.  L. 
redundans,  p.  part,  of  redundo,  to  overflow :  comp.  of 
re,  back,  and  2indo,  to  spread  as  waves,  or  abound: 
unda,  a  wave.— See  REDOUND. 

REDUPLICATE,  v.  To  double.  L.  re,  again,  and  du- 
plicate. 

REFECTION,  s.  Refreshment.  F.  refection;  L.  refec- 
tio:  refectus,  p.  part,  of  rejicio,  to  repair:  re,  again, 
and yhfc/o,  to  make. 

REFECTORY,  s.  Room  of  refreshment;  eating  room. 
F.  rp/eci'oire.—See  REFECTION. 

REFER.  ~u.  To  direct  one  person  to  another,  or  to  some 
document,  for  information  or  judgment;  to  direct  the 
mind  to,  as  the  ultimate  object  or  end.  L.  refero:  re, 
back,  andyVro,  to  carry. 

REFINE,  -v.  To  make  doubly  fine;  to  purify.  L.  re, 
again,  and  fine. 

REFLECT.  V,  To  throw  back;  to  bend  back;  to  turn 
the  thoughts  upon  the  past;  to  throw  reproach  or 
censure.  L.  rejlecto:  re,  back,  and  Jiecto,  to  bend. 

REFLEX,  adj.  Directed  backward.  L.  rejiexus,  p.  part, 
of  re/ec?o.— See  REFLECT. 

REFLUENT,  adj.  Flowing  back.  L.  rejluens,  part,  of 
rejluo:  re,  back,  and ^z^o,  to  flow. 

REFLUX,  s.  Backward  course.  L.  rejluxus^  part,  of 
rpj?wo.--Sce  REFLUENT. 


REF— RE& 

REFORM.  V.  To  remodel;  to  free  from  impurity.  L. 

7v^,  again,  and  form. 
REFRACT.  V.  To  break  the  natural  course  (of  rays.) 

L.  refracium^  sup.  of  rcfringo ;   from  7t,  back,  and 

frango^  to  break. 
REFRACTORY,  adj.  Obstinate;  contumacious;  rebel- 
lious. L.  rejractarius:  j-efractiis,  p.  part,  of  refringo; 

comp.  of  re,  back,  and  frango^  to  break.     This  word 

should  be  written  Refractory. 
REFRAGABLE.  6-.  Capable  of  confutation.  L.  refraga- 

bilis:  refragor,  to  resist,  or  deny:  7'e,  again,  and /ra/i- 

go^  to  break. 
REFRAIN.  V.  To  hold  back;  to  restrain.  F.  refrener; 

L.  re,  back,  and  fnzno^  to  curb:  frceniim,  a  bridle. 
REFRANGIBLE,  adj.  Rays   of  light  are  refrangible, 

because  they  can  be  refracted  or  turned  out  of  their 

way,  in  passing  from  one  transparent  body  to  another. 

L.  ?-<?,  back,  2a\^frango^  to  break. 
REP'RIGERATE.  v.  To  cool;  or  rather  to  bring  to  a 

former  state  of  coolness.  L.  I'cfrigero:   re,   back,  or 

again,  a.n(\yrigus,  cold. 
REFUGE,  s.  Shelter  from  danger  or  distress;  protec- 
tion. F.  refuge i  L.  refugium:  re^  back,  and /i^^fo,  to 

flee. 
REFUGEE,  s.  One  who  seeks  or  has  obtained  a  place 

of  refuge.  F.  refugie. — See  REFUGE. 
REFULGENT,  cr//.  Shining;  glittering;  bright;  splen- 
did. L.  refulgens^  p.  part,  of  refulgeo:  rc^  back,  and 

fulgeo^  to  shine. 
REFUND,  -v.  To  repay;    to  restore.    L.  refundo :  re, 

back,  and /undo,  to  pour. 
REFU'SE.  V.  To  reject;  to  deny  what  is   solicited   or 

required;   not  to   comply  with.   F.  refuser;  L.  refu- 

sum,  sup.  of  refundo:  re,  back,  2Lndfu7ido,  to  pour. 
RE'FUSE.  s.  That  which  is  rejected;  remainder  after 

the  rest  is  taken. — See  the  verb. 
REFUTE,  adj.  To  prove  false  or  erroneous.  L.  refuto: 

re,  back,  or  again,  and  futilis,  silly,  trifling. 
REGAL,  adj.  Royal.   F.  regale;  L.  regalls:  regis,  gen. 

of  rex,  a  king :  rego,  to  rule. 
REGALIA,  s.  Ensigns  of  the  regal  office.  L.— See  RE^ 

GAL. 


REG— REL 

REGARD.  V.  To  feel  an  interest  in;  to  observe;  to  con- 
sider; to  respect  or  esteem.  F,  regarder:  re,  back,  and 
garde?',  to  keep,  or  preserve. 

REGENERATE,  v.  To  reproduce;  to  give  a  new  na- 
ture. L.  re,  again,  and  generate :   (regenero.J 

REGENT.  .9.  A  governor;  a  vice-king.  F.  regent;  L. 
re  gens,  part,  of  rego,  to  rule. 

REGICIDE,  s.  JNlurderer  of  his  king, — regicida;  mur- 
der of  his  king, — regkidiuvi:  regis,  gen.  oireoc,  a  king, 
and  ccedo,  to  kill. 

REGIMEN,  s.  Mode;  mode  of  diet  and  living,  suitable 
to  a  particular  course  of  medicine  or  state  of  body.  L. 
from  rego,  to  rule. 

REGIMENT,  s.  A  body  of  soldiers  having  a  name  or 
a  number,  and  commanded  by  a  colonel.  Old  F.  regi- 
ment: L.  rego,  to  rule,  or  govern. 

REGION.  8.  Tract  of  land;  tract  of  space;  part  of  the 
body.  F.  region;  L.  regie:  from  rego,  to  rule;  mean- 
ing that  portion  which  is  subject  to  one  ruler. 

REGISTER,  s.  A  record,  or  regular  account;  the  offi- 
cer who  records.  F.  regis tre;  L.  registrum:  rego,  to 
rule,  or  set  right. 

REGRATE.  v.  To  engross  or  forestall.  F.  regrater: 
re,  back,  and  gratter,  to  scrape. 

REGRESS,  e.  Passage  back;  power  of  returning.  L- 
regressus;  from  regredior:  re,  back,  and  gradior,  to 
go:  gradus,  a  step. 

REGULAR,  adj.  Agreeable  to  rule;  orderly;  relating 
to  a  certain  species  of  geometrical  figures.  L.  regu- 
lar is:  rego,  to  rule. 

REIGN.  1).  To  enjoy  or  exercise  sovereign  authority : 
to  be  predominant.  L.  regno;  from  rego^  to  rule. 

RP^IMBURSE.  -u.  To  repay.  L,  re,  back,  in,  into,  and 
bursa,  a  purse. 

REINTEGRATE,  -v.  To  repair;  to  restore.  L.  re,  again, 
and  integro,  to  renew:  integer,  entire. 

REITERATE,  -v.  To  repeat  again  and  again.  L.  re. 
again,  and  iterate. 

REJECT,  -c.  To  throw  back;  to  throw  aside;  to  cast 
oft';  to  refuse.  L.  reject uin,  sup.  of  rejicio:  re,  back- 
andyacro,  to  throw. 

RELAPSE.  V.  To  slip  or  fall   back;   to  return  to  am 


REL— REL 

former  state ;  to  return  to  a  former  opinion  or  profes- 
sion. L.  reiapsus,  part,  oi  relabor:  re^  back,  and  labor^ 
to  slide. 

RELATE.  V.  To  tell;  to  recite;  to  have  reference.  L. 
relatinn^  sup.  of  rcfero:  re,  back,  or  again,  and  y'f?-©, 
to  bring. 

RELAX.  V.  To  slacken;  to  make  less  tense;  to  make 
less  severe;  to  ease.  L.  relaxo:  7*6',  back,  or  again,  and 
laxo,  to  loosen. 

RELAY,  s.  Horses  on  a  road  to  relieve  others.  F.  re- 
lais :  re,  again,  and  laisser,  to  leave:  L.  laxo,  to 
loosen. 

RELEx\SE.  V.  To  set  free;  to  free  from  obligation  or 
penalty.  F.  r<?,  again,  and  laisser,  to  leave,  let,  or  yield. 
L.  laxo,  to  loosen. 

RELENT.  XK  To  soften  in  temper;  to  feel  compassion. 
F.  relentir:  L.  re,  again,  and  lenitus,  p.  part,  of  lenio, 
to  ease:  lenis,  mild. 

RELEVANT,  adj.  Relieving;  aiding.  F.  part,  of  rele- 
ver:  L.  relevo;  comp.  of  re,  again,  and  levo,  to  lift. 

RELIC,  or  RELIQUE.  s.  That  which  remains;  (in 
the  plural,  bodily  remains;)  something  retained  in 
memory  of  a  person,  with  a  religious,  or  supersti- 
tious veneration.  F.  relique:  L.  relicjuia  ;  relictus,  (p. 
part,  of  relinquo,)  left  behind:  re,  back,  and  linquo^ 
to  leave. 

RELICT,  s.  A  woman  left  desalate  by  the  death  of  her 
husband;  a  widow.  L.  relictus,  p.  part,  oi  relinquo, — 
See  RELIC. 

RELIEVE.  V.  To  ease  from  pain,  sorrow,  or  oppression; 
to  ease  from  military  or  other  duty;  to  improve  the 
appearance  by  contrast.  L.  relevo:  re,  again,  and  leva, 
to  lift. 

RELIGION.  5.  Reverence  of  a  Supreme  Being;  united, 
especially  in  Christians,  with  a  solemn  and  awful  ex- 
pectation of  everlasting  happiness,  in  a  future  state, 
as  the  reward  of  obedience  to  God, — or  of  torment,  as 
the  reward  of  sin  :  particular  species  of  religious  opin- 
ions. F.  religio7i;  L.  religio:  from  religo,  to  bind  fast : 
re,  back,  and  ligo,  to  bind. 

RELUCENT.  adj.  Shining;  transparent.  L.  relucens, 
part,  of  reluceo:  re,  back,  and  luceo^  to  shine. 


REL— REM 

RELUCTANT,  adj.   Unwilling'.   L.   reluctans^   strug- 
gling against:  re^  back,  and  lucto^  to  wrestle. 
RELUME,  orRELUMINE.  v.  To  relight;  to  rekindle, 

L.  re,  again,  and  lumen.,  light. 
RELY.  V.  To  lean  or  rest  upon  with  confidence;  to  put 

trust  in,  (with  on.)   F.  re,  back,  and  iier^  to  tic,  or 

unite. 
REMAIN.  V.  To  be  left;  to  be  left  out;  to  stay;  to  con- 
tinue. L.  remaneo:  comp.  of  re,  back,  and  maneo^  to 

stay,  or  wait. 
REMAINDER,  s.  That  which  remains;  in  law,  the  last 

chance  of  inheritance. — See  REMAIN. 
REMAND,  -u.  To  call  back;  to  send  back.  L.  re,  back, 

and  viando.,  to  bid,  or  send  away. 
REMARK.  V.  To  note;  to  observe.  F.  remarquer;  re, 

again,  and  marquer^  to  mark. 
REMEDY.  5.  Means  of  cure;  means  of  counteracting 

any  evil;  relief.  L.  remediuin;  re,  back,  and  G.  medeo^f 

to  govern. 
REMINISCENCE,  s.  Recollection;  recovery  of  ideas. 

L.  reminisceJi.^;  re,  again,  and  ?ne?nmif  to  remember. 
REMISS,  adj.  Careless;  slothful.  L.  reinissus^  p.  part. 

of  remzY^o.— See  REMIT. 
REMISSION.  *.  Act  of  remitting.  L.  remissio;  remis- 

sus.,  p.  part,  of  remitto.'—SGQ  REMIT. 
REMIT.  V.  To  send  back;  to  release  from;  to  pardon; 

to  defer;  to  refer;  to  abate.    L.  remitto;  comp.  of  re, 

back,  and  mitto^  to  send. 
REMNANT,  s.  Remainder.  L.  remanens,  part,  of  re- 

T^zaneo.— See  REMAIN. 
REMONSTRATE,    v.   To    show   reasons,   in    strong 

terms,  and  accompanied  by  expressions  indicating  a 

sense  of  injury.  L.  remonstro;  re^  back,  or  again,  and 

monstro.)  to  show. 
REMORSE,  s.  Pain  from  guilt;  sorrow,  arising  from  a 

sense  of  having  injured.  L.  remorsus^  part,  of  ^-e^nor- 

deo;  from  re,  back,  or  again,  and  mordeo.,  to  bite. 
REMOTE,  adj.  Far  removed;  distant.  L.  remotus,  p. 

part,  of  remoT^eo;  re^  back,  and  moveo^  to  move. 
REMOVE.  V.  To  displace;  to  go  to  another  place;  to 

transplant;  to  place   at   a   distance.   L.  removeo;   re^ 

back,  or  again,  and  moveoy  to  move. 


REM— REP 

REMUNERATE,  -v.  To  repay;  to  reward.   L.  rcinu 

nero:  re,  again,  and  mune.ro^  to  gift:  munus^  a  gift. 
RENASCENT,   adj.  Rising  again  into  being.  L.  re- 

7iasce?iSj  part,  of  renascor:  re,  again,  and  nascor,  to  be 

born. 
RENCONTRE,  or  RENCOUNTER,  s.  Collision   or 

opposition;  battle.  F.  rencontre:  re,  again,  and  encori- 

tre,  a    chance   or    adventure:    en,   into,    and   contre, 

against:  L.  in,  and  contra, 
RENDEZVOUS,  s.  Assembly;  place  appointed  for  as- 
sembling.  F.  rendezvous:  rendez,  imper.  of  rendre, 

to  return,  and  voiis,  you. 
RENOUNCE.  V.  To   disown;   to   quit   upon  oath.  L. 

renuntio:  re,  again,  and  nuntio,  to  tell,  or  disclose. 
RENOVATE,  -u.  To  renew;  to  refresh.  L.  renovo:  re, 

again,  and  novo,  to  make  new:  from  novus,  new. 
RENUNCIATION,  s.  Act  of  renouncing.    L.  renun- 

tiatio.-^'^eQ  RENOUNCE. 
REPAIR.  V.  To  amend;  to  replace,  or  restore.  L.  re~ 

jiaro:  re,  again,  and  iiaro,  to  make,  or  shape. 
REPARABLE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  repaired.  L.  re- 

fiarabilis. — See  REPAIR. 
REPARATION,  s.  Act  of  repairing;  amends,  L.  re- 

fiaratio.--'$>QQ  REPAIR. 
REPARTEE,  s.  Smart  reply.  F.  re/mrtie:  from  refiar- 

tir,  to  divide  again,  or  reply:   L.  re,  ^iucl  /lartio. 
REPAST,  s.  A  meal;  food;  refreshment.  F.  rejias:  L. 

re,  again,  ?ind  fiastus,  p.  part,  oi /lasco,  to  feed. 
REPEAL.  V.  To  revoke;  to  annul.  F.  ra/i/ieller:  comp. 

of  re,  back,  or  again,  and  afijieller,  to  call. 
REPEAT.  V.  To  speak,  use,  or  try,  again;  to  recite;  to 

denote  the  time  of  day,  (as  a  repeating  watch.)  L.  rc- 

peto,  to  ask  again:  comp.  of  re,  again,  and  iieto,  to 

beseech,  ask,  seek  after,  Sec. 
REPEL.  V.  To  drive  back.  L.  rejiello :   re,  back,  and 

jiello,  to  drive  away. 
REPENT.  V.  To  think  on  any  thing  past  with  sorrow; 

to  express  sorrow  for  something  past;  to  change  the 

mind.  F.  refientir;  L.  re,  again,  and  penitus,  within. 
REPERCUSSION.  6-.  Rebound.  L.  reiiercussio;  rejier- 

cu&sus,  p.  part,  of  re/iercutio;  re,  back,  2a-\d  Jiercutio^ 

to  strike:  fier,  through,  and  quatio,  to  shake. 
[221 


REP—REP 

REPERTORY.  .5.  A  magazine;  a  book  in  which  infor- 
mation on  certain  subjects  is  to  be  found.  F.  rejier- 

toire;  L.  re/iertoriufn;  from  rejiertus^  p.  part,  of  re- 

fierio^  to  find  or  discover. 
REPETITION,  s.  Act  of  repeating;  thing  repeated.  L. 

rf/2e/z7/o.-— See  REPEAT. 
REPLENISH.  V.  To  refill.  L.  re^  again,  and  idenus^ 

full. 
REPLETE,  adj.  Full, — meaning  in  a  high  degree.  F.  re- 

jilete;  L.  repletus,  p.  part,  oirejileoi  re-,  again,  or  in 

a  high  degree,  and  pleo,  to  fill. 
REPLETION,  s.  State  of  being  too  full.  F.  rejiktion. 

—See  REPLETE. 
REPLEVIN,  or  REPLEVY,  v.  To  take  back  or  reco- 
ver, on  security  given  to  the  proper  officer,  any  thing 

seized.  Law  F.  rejilevir;  re,  again,  and  old  F.Jilevir, 

or  Jileg-ir,  to  give  a  pledge. 
REPLICATION,  s.  A  formal  reply.   L.  refilicatio,  an 

unfolding:  from  rejilicatus,  p.  part,  of  rejilico. — See 

REPLY. 
REPLY.  V.  To  answer;  to  make  a  return  to  an  answer. 

L.  replico,  to  unfold,  or  reply:  re,  back,  or  again,  and 

p.lico,  to  fold. 
REPORT,  -v.  To  carry  back  the  result  of  any  inquiry, 

from  a  committee,  to  the  whole  assembly  deliberating; 

to  make  public;  to  rumour;  to  make  a  loud  noise.  L. 

reporto;  re,  back,  and  Jiorto,  to  carry. 
REPOSE,  s.  Rest;  quiet;  sleep.  F.  rejios;  L.  rejiositus, 

p.  part,  of  repono;  re,  back,  and  pono,  to  place. 
REPREHEND,  v.  To  reprove;  to  censure.   L.  repre- 

hendo;  from  re,  again,  and  firehendo,  to  take,  or  lay 

hold  on. 
REPREHENSIBLE,  adj.  Reprovable;  censurable.  F. 

reprehensible;  L.  reprehensus,  p.  part,  oi  reprehendo. 

—See  REPREHEND. 
REPRESENT,  v.  To  show  as  a  likeness;  to  describe; 

to  make  known;    to   personate.    L.    represento ;   re, 

again,  and /^r^csews,  present. — See  PRESENT. 
REPRESS,    -v.  To   crush;  to  subdue.    L.   repressum, 

sup.  of  reprimo;  re,  back,  and  premo,  to  press. 
REPRIEVE,  -v.  To  respite.  F.  repris,  part,  of  repre?!- 
dre:  rf,  back;  or  again,  diiid  pre?idre,  to  take. 


REP— REQ 

REPRISAL.  6^  Act  of  seizing  by  way  of  retaliation; 
thing  seized.  F.  represaille. — See  REPRIEVE. 

REPROACH.  V.  To  censure  in  opprobrious  terms;  to 
upbraid.  F.  rep.rocher:  re,  again,  and  a/i/woc/iei-.,  to 
come  near. 

REPROBATE,  v.  To  disallow,  or  reject;  to  censure; 
to  think  of  with  feelings  of  much  disapprobation.  L. 
re/irobo;  comp.  of  rd",  back,  and /zro^o,  to  approve,  or 
allow. 

REPROVE.  V.  To  blame,  chide,  or  reprehend.  F.  re- 
firoitvcr;  L.  refirobo  :  re,  back,  and  /zro^o,  to  ap- 
prove or  allow. 

REPTILE,  s.  A  creeping  animal.  L.  rejitile:  from  rejto, 
to  creep  or  crawl. 

REPUBLIC,  s.  A  commonwealth;  a  state  in  which  the 
happiness  and  advantage  of  all  the  people  are  consi- 
dered and  provided  for;  and  in  which  the  people  gov- 
ern through  their  representatives.  L.  resfiziblica;  res, 
an  affair,  or  advantage,  and  fiublicus,  public. 

REPUDLATE.  v.  To  divorce;  to  put  away.  L.  rejiu- 
dio:  7'e,  back,  and  G.  fiudarizo,  to  spurn. 

REPUGNANT,  adj.  Contrary;  inconsistent.  F.  refiug- 
na72t;  L.  re/iugnans,  part,  of  repugjio:  re,  back,  and 
pngno,  to  fight. 

REPULSE,  s.  The  condition  of  being  repelled,  or  de- 
feated. F.  repulse:  L.  repulsus,  p.  part,  oirepello. — 
See  REPEL. 

REPUTABLE,  adj.  Honourable;  respectable. — See 
REPUTE. 

REPUTE.  v.To  esteem;  to  account;  to  think.  L.  re- 
puto;  re,  again,  and  puto,  to  think,  or  consider. 

REQUEST,  s.  Petition;  entreaty;  state   of  beiyjg   de- 
sired. F.  requeste;  L.  requisitua,  p.  part,  of  rcqitiro, 
—See  REQUIRE. 
REQUIEM,  s.  A  hymn,  in  which  rest  is  implored  for 

the  dead.  L.  comp.  of  re,  again,  and  qides,  rest. 
REQUIRE.  V.  To  demand;  to  ask  as  a  right;  to  need. 

L.  requiro;  re,  back,  and  quaro,  to  ask,  or  seek. 
REQUISITE,  adj.  Required;  necessary.  L.  requisitus^ 

p.  part.  o{  requiro. — See  REQUIRE. 
REQUITE.  V.  To  repay;  to  retaliate.  F.  requllcr;  rt\ 
again,  and  quitter,  to  Oj^uit,  or  part  with. 


RES— RES 

RESCIND,  -u.  To  cut.  off;  to  abrogate;  to  repeal.  L. 

rescindo;  re,  again,  and  scindo,  to  cut. 
RESCISSION,  s.  Act  of  rescinding.  F.  resciosion;  from 

L.  rescissus,  p.  part,  oi  rescindo. — See  RESCIND. 
RESCRIBE.  V,  To  write  back;  to  write  over  again.  L 

rescribo;  re,  back,  or  again,  and  scribo,  to  write. 
RESCRIPT,  s.  Edict,  generally  of  a  Roman  emperor, 

or  a  pope.    L.   rescrifitum ;    rescrifitus,    p.   part,   o?" 

re5cW6o.— See  RESCRIBE. 
RESCUE,  -v.  To  set  free  from  any  violence,  danger,  or 

confinement.    F.  re,  back,  or  again,  and  escheoir,  to 

avoid,  or  shun:  hence,  the  obsolete  word,  eschew. 
RESEMBLE,  v.  To  be  similar.  F.  reserabler;  L.  re, back, 

(meaning  reflection,)  and  similis,  like. 
RESENT.  1).  To  consider  as  an  injury  or  affront,  and 

act  in   conformity  with  that   sentiment.  F.  reserair; 

L.  re,  again,  and  sentio,  to  be  sensible  of,  or  resent. 
RESERVE,  -u.  To  keep  in  store;  to  retain;  to  hold.  L, 

reservo;  comp.  of  7'^ ,  back,  and  servo,  to  keep. 
RESETTLE,    v.   To   settle   again.    L.   re,  again,  and 

settle. 
RESIDE.  V.  To  dwell;  to  be  present.  L.  resideo,  to  sit 

down :  re,  back,  and  sedeo,  to  sit,  or  stay. 
RESIDENT,  adj.  Residing,  or  having  ab6de.  L.  resi- 

dens,  p.  part,  of  res/r/(?o.— See  RESIDE. 
RESIDUARY,  adj.  A  residuary  legatee  is  a  person  to 

whom  the  remainder  of  an  estate  is  willed, — all  that  is 

left  after  paving  the  legacies  particularly  specified. — 

See  RESIDUE. 
RESIDUE,  s.  Remainder.    F.  resid^i;  L.  residuum. — 

See  RESIDE. 
RES1J)UUM.  s.  That  which  subsides,  or  remains  after 

the  more  valuable  part  has  been  drawn  oft*.  L.  from 

resideo,  to  sit  dov>'n :  re,  back,  and  sedeo,  to  sit  or  stay. 
RESIGN.  V.  To  relinquish  a  claim  or  possession  ;  to 

submit.  L.  resigno;  re,  back,  and  signo,  to  mark,  de- 
clare, or  signify. 
RESPECT.  «.  Regard  ;  attention;  reverence;  honour; 

feeling  of  compassion.    F.  respect;  L.  resjiectus,  p. 

part,  of  respicio;  re,  back,  or  again,  and  specie,  to  see, 

or  behold. 


RES— RES 

RESPECTIVE,  adj.  Particular;  individual;  viewed 
with  regard  to  each. — See  RESPECT. 

RESPIRE.  V.  To  breathe;  to  rest.  L.  resjiiro;  re,  again, 
and  spiroy  to  breathe. 

RESPITE,  s.  Repose;  pause;  reprieve.  T.res/iit,  or 
rejiit;  L.  res/iiratus,  p.  part,  of  resjiiroi  re,  again,  and 
sjiiroy  to  breathe. 

RESPLENDENT,  adj.  Shining;  bright;  illustrious.  L. 
reajilendensy  part,  of  resplendeo;  comp.  of  re^  back, 
and  sfilendeoy  to  shine. 

RESPOND.  V.  To  answer;  to  correspond;  to  suit.  L. 
resfiondeoy  to  answer:   re^  and  spondeo. 

RESPONDENTIA,  s.  Security  for  money  lent  on  a 
cargo  of  merchandize.  L.  resjiondentia^  pi.  oiresfion- 
de?i.9,  a  part,  of  resjioiideo. — See  RESPOND. 

RESPONSE,  s.  Answer;  answer  made  by  the  congre- 
gation, speaking  alternately  with  the  minister  in  pub- 
lic worship.  L.  resjionsum. — See  RESPOND. 

RESPONSIBLE,  adj.  Answerable;  accountable;  capa- 
ble of  answering  to,  or  discharging  an  obligation.  L. 
responsusy  suitableness. — See  RESPOND. 

REST.  5.  Repose;  state  of  being  undisturbed ;  absence 
of  motion  ;  prop,  or  support, — meaning  that  on  which 
any  thing  reposes,  or  by  which  motion  is  prevented ; 
remainder,  or  that  which  is  left  behind,  or  undis- 
turbed. L.  i'esiitusy  part,  of  restoj  re^  back,  and  sto^  to 
stand. 

RESTIFF,  or  RESTIVE,  adj.  Unwilling  to  go  forward ; 
stubborn.  F.  refUif. — See  REST. 

RESTRAIN.  V.  To  hold  back;  to  repress.  F.  restrein- 
dre;  L.  restringo:  re,  back,  and  stringo^  to  bind. 

RESTRICT.  V.  To  limit;  to  confine.  L.  restrictum, 
sup.  oi  restrmgo. — See  RESTRAIN. 

RESULT.  V.  The  primary  signification  of  this  word  is 
to  leafi  back ;  but  this  meaning  is  scarcely  used  now, 
even  by  the  poets.  The  proper  sense  of  result,  at  the 
present  day,  is,  to  follow  as  a  consequence,  or  as  the 
effect  of  concurring  causes.  L.  resiilto;  resultum,  sup. 
of  resilio;  re,  back,  and  salio,  to  leap. 

RESUME.  V.  To  take  back;  to  take  again.  L.  resumos 
comp.  of  re,  back,  or  again,  and  su?noj  to  take. 
[22»] 


RES—RET 

RESUMPTION,  s.  Act  of  resuming.  L.  resumptus^ 
p.  part,  of  resumo. — See  RESUME. 

RESURRECTION,  s.  Return  from  the  grave;  revival. 
F.  resurrection;  L.  resurrectum^  sup.  oi  resurgo;  re^ 
again,  and  surgo,  to  arise. 

RESUSCITATE,  v.  To  rouse;  to  restore  animation, 
after  being  suspended  by  drowning,  Sec.  L.  reauscitc^ 
to  set  up  again,  or  arouse:  re,  again,  and  suscito,  to 
awake:  s7ib,  under,  and  cito,  to  call. 

RETAIL.  V.  To  sell,  in  small  quantities,  something 
purchased  from  another;  to  relate,  amongst  one's  neigh- 
bours, that  which  one  has  heard  from  another.  F.  re- 
tailler;  re,  again,  and  tailler,  to  cut. 

RETAIN.  V.  To  keep;  to  detain.  L.  reti7ieo:  from  re, 
back,  and  tejieo,  to  hold. 

RETALIATE,  -v.  To  return  like  for  like.  L.  re,  back, 
and  talio,  like  for  like. 

RETARD.  V.  To  delay;  to  hinder.  L.  retardo;  re,  back, 
and  tardo,  to  stop:  tardus,  slow. 

RETENTION,  s.  Act  of  retaining.  L.  retentio;  reten- 
tus,  p.  part,  oi  reti?ieo. — See  RETAIN. 

RETENTIVE,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  retaining; 
recollective.  F.  retentif. — See  RETENTION. 

RETICLE,  s.  A  small  bag,  made  of  net-work,  or  some 
other  material,  (erroneously  called  a  ridicule.)  L.  re- 
ticulum, a  little  net;  dim.  oi  rete,  a  net. 

RETICULATED,  adj.  Made  of  net-work;  or  in  the 
form  of  the  meshes  of  a  net.  L.  reticulatus;  from  rete, 
a  net. 

RETINUE,  s.  A  number  of  persons  retained  by,  and 
attending  on,  a  superior;  a  train.  F.  retenue,  part,  of 
rctcnir,  to  retain. — See  RETAIN. 

RETIRE,  -v.  To  withdraw,  or  retreat;  to  go  to  a  place 
of  privacy.  F.  retirer;  re,  back,  and  tirer,  to  draw. 

RETORT,  s.  A  censure  or  incivility  returned;  a  witty 
or  satirical  reply: — a  glass  vessel,  with  a  bent  neck, 
used  by  chemists  in  distilling.  F.  retorte;  L.  retortus, 
p.  part,  of  retorqueo:  re,  back,  and  torqueo,  to  writhe, 
bend,  or  hurl. 

RETRACT,  -v.  To  recall;  to  recant,  or  change  the 
mind.  L.  retractum,  sup.  of  retraho:  re,  back)  and 
traho,  to  draw. 


RET—REV 

RETREAT,  s.  Act  of  going  back,  or  retiring;  place  oi" 

retirement   or  privacy.    F.  retraite;  L.  retractus^  p. 

part,  of  retraho;  re^  back,  and  iraho,  to  draw. 
RETRENCH,  v.  To  pare  off";  to  lessen.  F.  reirancher; 

L.  re,  again,  and  trunco^  to  lop  off*. 
RETRIBUTION,  s.  Repayment;  atonement.  F.  retri- 

button;  L.  retributus^  p.  part,  of  rethbuo;  re,  back, 

and  tribuo^  to  give  or  bestow. 
RETRIEVE.  IK  To  recover;  to  restore;  to  repair;  to 

regain.  F.  retrouver;  comp.  of  re,  again,  and  trouver^ 

to  find. 
RETROCEDE.  v.  To  go  back;  to  reassign.  L.  retro- 

cedo;  retro^  backward,  and  cedo^  to  depart,  or  yield. 
RETROCESSION,  s.   Act   of  retroceding.    L.  retro- 

cessum^  sup.  of  retrocedo. — See  RETROCEDE. 
RETROGRADE,  -v.  To  go  backward;  to  decline  from 

a  state  of  improvement.  L.  retrogradior;  retro^  back- 

Avard,  and  gradior^  to  go,  or  walk:  gradua^  a  step. 
RETROGRESSION,   s.  Act  of  retrograding.    L.  re- 

trogressus^    part,    of    retrogradior. — See    RETRO- 
GRADE. 
RETROSPECT,  s.  Backward  view;  view  of  the  past. 

L.  retro,  backward,  and  spectum,  sup.  of  sjiecio,  to  see, 

or  view. 
RETURN.  V.  To  turn  back;  to  come,  or  go  back;  to 

give  back;  to  reply.    L.  re,  again,  and  turn.  (F.  re- 

tourner.') 
REUNION,  s.  Return  to  a  state  of  junction,  cohesion, 

or  concord.  ^.  re,  again,  and  union. 
REVEAL.  V.  To  uncover;  to  disclose;  to  inform  from 

Heaven.  L.  revelo;  from  re,  back,  and  velum,  a  veil 

or  curtain. 
REVELATION,  s.  Act  of  revealing;  knowledge  re- 

vealed.—See  REVEAL. 
REVENUE,  s.  Income;   annual  return  of  profits,  or 

amount  of  national   imposts  or  rents.  F.  revenu;  L. 

re,  back,  and  veuio,  to  come. 
REVERBERATE,  v.  To  beat  back;  to  rebound;  (used 

in  relation  to  sound,  or  heat.)  L.  reverbero;  re,  back, 

and  verbero,  to  whip  or  beat :  verber,  a  whip. 
REVERBERATORY.  s.  An  oven  or  furnace  in  which 

the  flame  is  confined  by  a  dome,  which  occasions  it 


REV— RHA 

to  rebound  before  it  passes  into  the  chimney.' — See 
REVERBERATE. 

REVERE.  V.  To  reverence;  to  honour;  to  venerate.  L. 
revereor;  re,  meaning  again,  or  in  a  great  degree,  and 
-vereor^  to  reverence,  or  fear. 

REVERENCE,  s.  Veneration;  respect;  act  of  obei- 
sance:— title  of  a  clergyman.  F.  reverence;  L.  reve- 
rentia;  reverens^  part,  of  rex-ereor. — See  REVERE. 

REVEREND,  adj.  Venerable;  deserving  reverence; 
also,  an  epithet  applied  to  a  clergyman.  F.  reverend: 
L.  reverendus,  (part,  of  revereor,)  to  be  revered. — See 
REVERE. 

R.E VERSE,  s.  Change;  vicissitude;  misfortune;  an  op- 
posite. L.  rever&us,  p.  part,  of  r  ever  to, See  RE- 
VERT. 

REVERSION,  s.  Act  of  reverting.  Y,  reversion ;  1j. 
reversio.-—^See,  REV^ERSE. 

REVERT.  V.  To  return.  L.  reverto:  re,  back,  and  verto^ 
to  turn. 

REVILE.  V.  To  vilify;  to  treat  v/ith  contumely.  L.  re, 
back,  and  vilis,  vile. 

REVISE.  V.  To  review;  to  re-examine.  L.  revisum, 
sup.  oirevideo:  comp.  of  re,  again,  and  video,  to  see. 

REVIVE.  V.  To  return  to  life;  to  reanimate;  to  renew. 
L.  revivo:  re,  again,  and  vivo,  to  live. 

REVOCATION,  s.  Act  of  revoking;  state  of  being  re- 
voked; repeal,  or  reversal.  L.  revocatio:  revocatus, 
part,  of  rc'X'o CO. — See  REVOKE. 

REVOKE.  V.  To  recall,  or  repeal;  to  reverse.  L.  revo- 
co;  re,  back,  and  voco,  to  call. 

-REVOLT.  V.  To  desert;  to  refuse  obedience;  to  turn 
away  in  disgust.  F.  revolter;  L.  revolutus,  p.  part,  of 
revolvo;  re,  back,  and  volvo,  to  roll. 

REVOLUTION.  «.  Course  of  any  thing  which  returns 
to  the  point  at  which  it  began  to  move;  rotation; 
change  of  government.  F.  revolution;  L.  revolutus, 
p.  part.  o{  revolvo. — See  REVOLVE. 

REVOLVE.  V.  To  roll  in  a  circle;  to  roll  around;  to 
consider,  L.  revolvo;  from  re,  back,  or  again,  and 
volvo.,  to  roll. 

RHABDOLOGY.  s.  Computation  by  Napier's  rods. 
G.  r/iabdosj  a  rod,  and  lo^os,  a  word. 


RHE— .RIT 

RHETORIC,  s.  The  art  of  speaking  with  propriety  ami 
elegance;  oratory.  G.  rhetorike;  rhetor^  an  orator: 
from  rheo^  fdlcoj   to  speak. 

RHEUM,  s.  A  thin  watery  matter  oozing  through  the 
glands.   G.  rheuma;  from  rheo^  (JluoJ  to  flow. 

RHEUMATISM,  s.  A  painful  distemper,  supposed  to 
proceed  from  acrid  humours,  or  rheum.  G.  rheuma- 
tis?nos — See  RHEUM. 

RHYME,  s.  Harmonical  succession  of  sounds;  gene- 
rally applied  to  that  species  of  poetry,  in  which  the 
last  sound  of  one  line  corresponds  with  the  last  sound 
or  syllable  of  another :  but,  the  etymology  of  the  word 

includes    even   what   is    called   blank   verse. See 

RHYTHMUS. 

RHYTHMICAL,  adj.  Harmonical;  having  one  sound 
proportioned  to  another. — See  RHYTHMUS. 

RHYTHMUS.  s.  Metre;  harmonical  succession  of 
sounds,  either  in  prose  or  verse.  L.  rythwus ;  G. 
rhiLtkinos^  a  rule. 

RIDICULE,  s.  Wit,  or  jeering,  of  tha.t  species  which 
excites  disrespectful  laughter.  F.  ridicule;  L.  ridicu- 
lum;  from  rideo^  to  laugh., 

RIDICULOUS,  adj.  Promoting  ridicule;  worthy  of 
contemptuous  laughter.  L.  ridiculus. See  RIDI- 
CULE. 

RIGHT,  adj.  According  to  rule;  proper;  just;  true: — 
the  right  hand  is  so  called,  because  it  is  that  Avhich  is 
used  according  to  rule  or  usual  custom.  Derived, 
through  the  Saxon,  from  the  L.  rectus^  p.  part,  of 
rego.,  to  rule. 

RIGID,  adj.  Severe;  inflexible;  extremely  strict,  F. 
rigide ;  L.  rigidiis ;  from  rigeo,  to  be  very  cold  or 
frozen. 

RIGOROUS,  adj.  Extremely  cold;  rigid;  severe;  ex- 
tremely strict See  RIGOUR. 

RIGOUR,  s.  Severe  coldness;  severity;  extreme  strict- 
ness. L.  rigor;  rigeo,  to  be  very  cold,  or  frozen. 

RISIBLE,  adj.  Having  the  faculty  or  power  of  laugh- 
ing ;  exciting  laughter.  F.  risible;  L.  risibilis;  rideo., 
to  laugh. 

RITE.  s.  Solemn  act  of  religion;  external  observance. 
L.  r/Yz/5,  a  rite  or  religious  ceremony. 


RIT— RUB 

RITUAL,  s.  A  book  in  which  are  written  the  rites  and 
observances  of  religion.  L.  ritualis. — See  RITE. 

ROBUST,  adj.  Strong;  sinewy;  vigorous.  L.  robustus; 
robiir^  oak,  of  the  hardest  kind. 

RODOMONTADE,  s.  A  vain,  noisy,  bluster  or  boast; 
a  rant.  F.  rodomontade;  from  a  boasting,  boisterous 
hero,  of  the  Italian  poet,  Ariosto,  called,  Rodomonte. 

ROGATION,  s.  Supplication;  church-litany.  L.  roga- 
tio;  from  rogo^  to  entreat. 

ROSTRUM.  5.  The  scaffold  from  which  the  Roman 
orators  harangued.  When  Camiilus  overcame  An- 
tium,  the  capital  of  the  Volsci,  he  carried  the  prows 
or  beaks  of  their  ships  to  Rome,  and  placed  them 
in  the  Forum,  on  a  tribunal, — -thence  called  Rostrum^ 
signifying  the  beak  of  a  ship. 

ROTARY,  adj.  Moving  around  as  a  wheel.  L.  rota.,  a 
wheel. 

ROTATION,  s.  The  act  of  turning  round  like  awheel; 
succession,  so  that  when  the  last  has  completed  a 
duty,  the  first  v/ill  recommence,  and  each  will  continue 
to  repeat  in  his  turn.  L.  rotatio :  from  rotatus^  p. 
part,  of  roto^  to  turn  round  like  a  wheel :  rota,,  a 
wheel. 

ROTUNDA,  or  ROTUNDO.  s.  A  circular  building, 
such  as  the  Pantheon  of  Rome.  L.  rotu?2dusj,  round  : 
rota,  a  wheel. 

ROTUNDITY,  s.  Roundness.  L.  rotunditas;  rotundics. 
round;  rota.,  a  wheel.  ^ 

ROUGE,  s.  Red  paint,  for  the  face.  F.  rouge^  red. 

ROUND,  adj.  Circular;  spherical;  sounding  smoothly; 
not  precisely  expressed,  but  denoted,  through  conve- 
nience, chiefly  by  rou?id  numbers.,  or  figures; — as, 
5000,  instead  of '5123.  F.  ro?id;  L.  rotiuidus;  from 
rota.,  a  wheel. 

ROUTE,  s.  Way;  road;  order,  and  direction  for  march- 
ing. F.  route.,  a  way. 

ROUTINE,  s.  Established  mode,  or  practice.  F. — See 
ROUTE. 

ROYAL,  adj.  Kingly;  regal.  F.  from  roi^  (formerly  roi/,) 
a  king. 

RUBRIC,  s.  Directions,  printed  in  books  of  law,  and  in 


RUB— SAC 

prayer-books;  originally  distinguished  by  being  in  red 
ink.  L.  rubrica;  ruber,  red. 

RUBY.  s.  A  precious  stone,  of  a  red  colour.  L.  ruber, 
red. 

RUDE.  adj.  Untaught;  in  a  state  of  nature;  barbarous; 
of  coarse  manners;  uncivil;  unpolished;  boisterous.  L. 
rtidis,  new,  or  fresh. 

RUDIMENTS,  s.  First  principles;  elements  of  science; 
first  parts  of  education.  L.  rudimentum,  the  first  rules : 
rudis,  new  or  fresh,  and  meiis,  a  design. 

RUIN.  s.  Fall  or  destruction;  remains  of  something  de- 
molished. F.  mine;  L.  ruina,  from  ruo,  to  fall. 

RUMINATE.  V.  To  chew  the  cud;  to  consider  again 
and  again.  L.  rumirio,  to  chew  over  again. 

RUMOUR,  s.  Popular  report.  L.  rumor;  ruo,  to  rush, 

RUPTURE,  s.  Act  of  breaking  or  bursting;  state  of 
being  broken  or  burst;  breach  of  peace;  open  hos- 
tility. F.  ru/iture:  L.  rufitus,  p.  part,  of  rumjio,  to 
break  or  burst. 

RURAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  country. 
F.  rural;  L.  ruralis :  from  ruris,  gen.  of  rus,  the 
country. 

RUSE  DE  GUERRE.  A  trick  of  war;  a  stratagem. 
F.  ruse,  a  trick,  de,  of,  guerre,  war. 

RUSTIC,  adj.  Rural;  clownish.  L.  rusticus;  from  rus, 
the  country. 

RUSTICATE.  V.  To  reside  in  the  country;  to  acquire 
the  manners  of  the  country.  L.  rusticor. — See  RUS- 
TIC. 


SACCHARINE,  adj.  Having  the  qualities  of  sugar.  L, 
saccharum,  sugar. 

SACERDOTAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the 
priesthood.  L.  sacerdotalis:  sacerdos,  a  priest;  comp. 
of  sacer,  sacred,  and  dos,  a  portion. 

SACRAMENT,  s.  A  religious  ceremony;  the  eucha- 
rist.  L.  sacramentinn;  sacer,  sacred,  and  mens,  a  de- 
sign. 


SAC—SAL 

SACRED,  adj.  Holy;  devoted  to  religious  uses;  not  lu 
be  violated;  consecrated.  L.  sacer^  sacred. 

SACRIFICE.  V.  To  offer  to  Heaven;  to  kill  at  the  altar 
as  an  atonement  or  propitiation;  to  destroy  or  give  up 
for  the  sake  of  something  else,  or  through  rashness  or 
misconduct.  L.  sacrifico:  sacer,  sacred,  and  facio,  to 
make. 

SACRILEGE,  s.  The  crime  of  appropriating,  to  one- 
self, what  is  devoted  to  religion ;  or  of  violating  or  pro- 
faning sacred  things.  L.  sacrilegium:  comp.  of  sacer<, 
holy,  and  lego^  to  gather,  or  steal. 

SACRISTY,  s.  An  apartment,  in  which  are  deposited 
the  consecrated  vessels  or  moveables  of  a  church.  F. 
sacristie;  L.  sacrisy  gen.  of  sacer^  sacred. 

SAFE.  adj.  Free  from  danger ;  free  from  hurt ;  confer- 
ring security: — s.  a  place  for  meat,  &c.  F.  sauf;  L. 
salvus,  safe. 

SAGACIOUS,  adj.  When  applied  to  mere  animals,  de- 
notes quick  of  scent,  or  having  a  more  extended  men- 
tal faculty  than  is  usually  possessed  by  brutes. — Men 
are  sagacious  when  they  are  quick  of  thought,  or  acute 
in  discovering.  L.  sagax,  quick-scented. 

SAGITTARIUS,  s.  One  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the 
zodiac.  L.  Sagittarius^  an  archer:  sagitta,  an  arrow. 

SAINT.  5.  A  person  revered  for  piety  and  virtue.  F. 
saint;  L.  sanctus,  holy  or  pious:  from  the  p.  part,  of 
sancio,  to  make  sacred. 

SALAMMONIAC.  s.  A  species  of  salt,  formerly  dug 
from  the  sands  in  some  parts  of  Africa;  an  artificial 
salt,  named  muriate  of  ammonia.  L.  sal,  salt,  and  G. 
aminos,  sand. 

SALIANT.  adj.  In  heraldry,  denotes  in  a  leaping  pos- 
ture. F.—See  SALIENT. 

SALIENT,  adj.  Leaping;  moving  by  leaps; — in  forti- 
fication, projecting.  L.  saliens,  part,  of  salio,  to  leap. 

SALIFIABLE,  adj.  Capable  of  combining  with  acids 
and  forming  salts.  L.  sal,  salt,  andj^o,  to  become. 

SALINE,  adj.  Partaking  of  the  properties  of  salt.  L. 
salinus;  from  sal,  salt. 

SALIVA.  5.  That  which  flows  from  the  mouth;  juice 
separated  by  the  salival  glands.  L.  saliva^  spittle. 


SAL— SAN 

SALIVATE,  v.  To  purge  by  the  salival  glands.  L.  &//- 
//Vo._See  SALIVA. 

SALLY,  s.  Sortie;  rapid  egress,  as  from  a  place  be- 
sieged ;  volatile  or  sprightly  exertion  of  wit.  F.  sallie: 
L.  salio,  to  leap. 

SALUBRIOUS,  adj.  Wholesome;  promoting  health. 
L.  salubris:   salus^  health. 

SALUTARY,  adj.  Contributing  to  safety ;  advantage- 
ous. L.  salutaris:  from  salutis,  gen.  of  salus,  health, 
or  safety. 

SALUTE,  v.  To  greet ;  to  hail ;  to  honour  in  a  mili- 
tary way,  by  a  discharge  of  guns,  a  present'  of  arms, 
Sec.  L.  saluto:.  salics,  health. 

SALVABLE.  adj.  Possible  to  be  saved.  L.  salvo,  to 
save. 

SALVAGE,  s.  Recompense  for  saving  goods  from  a 
wreck,  or  a  ship  from  being  lost,  when  found  at  sea 
without  any  living  person  on  board.  F.  from  the  L. 
salvo,  to  save. 

SALVATION,  s.  Preservation  ;  saving  of  the  soul  from 
eternal  misery.  L.  salvo,  to  save. 

SALVE,  s.  A  remedy  ;  a  remedial  plaster.  L.  salvo,  to 
save. 

SALVO,  s.  An  exception ;  a  resqrvation.  L.  abl.  of 
salvus,  safe  ;  that  is,  saved,  or  excepted. 

SANATIVE,  adj.  Curing;  healing.    L,.  sano,  to  heal. 

SANCTIFY,  v.  To  make  holy.  F.  saiictl/icr;  L.  sanc- 
tijico:  sanctus,  holy,  and  facio,  to  make. 

SANCTIMONY,  s.  Holiness;  appearance  of  holiness. 
L.  sancti77ionia:  sanctus,  holy.— See  SAINT. 

SANCTION,  s.  Solemn  confirniation  ;  countenance.  L. 
sanctio:   sanctus,  p.  part,  of  sancio,  to  make  sacred. 

SANCTITY,  s.  Holiness;  purity.  L.  sanctitas. — See 
SAINT. 

SANCTUARY.  .9.  A  sacred  or  holy  place;  properly 
the  most  retired  and  awful  part  of  a  temple  ;  sacred 
asylum.  L.  sanctuariuin:  sanctus,  p.  part,  of  sancio, 
to  make  sacred. 

SJjVCTUM  SA.YCTORUM.   The  Holy  of  Holies,  or 
most  holy  place  ;  that  part  of  a  temple  which  is  pro- 
hibited to  be  entered,  or  looked  into,  L, 
[23] 


SAN— SAT 

bANE.  adj.  Healthy;  of  sound  mind.  L.  sanus^  whole, 
or  sound. 

SAj\^G  FROID.  5.  Coolness  ;  indifference;  apathy.  F. 
sang^  blood,  and yroif/,  cold. 

SANGUINARY,  adj.  Bloody  ;  cruel ;  murderous.  L. 
sdngidnarius^:  sanguinis,,   gen.  of  sanguis^  blood. 

SANGUINE,  s.  Red;  having  the  colour  of  blood; 
abounding  with  blood  ;  warm  ;  ardent ;  confident.  L. 
sanguineus;  from  sajiguinis^  gen.  of  sanguis^  blood. 

SANITY,  s.  Soundness  of  mind  ;  opposed  to  insanity. 
L.  sanitas. — See  SANE. 

SJJVS.   prep.  Without.    F. 

SANSCULOTTES,  s.  A  reproachful  name  given  to 
one  of  the  parties  of  France,  in  the  period  which  suc- 
ceeded the  revolution  of  1789.  F.  sa-ns.,  without,  cu- 
lotte,  breeches. 

SAPIENT,  adj.  Wise.  L.  sapie?is^  part,  oi  sapio^  to  be 
wise. 

SAPONACEOUS,  adj.  Soapy ;  having  the  qualities  of 
soap.  L.  sap07iisj  g^^i*  of  sapo,  soap. 

SARCASM,  s.  A  keen  reproach  ;  a  taunt.  F.  sarcasine; 
L.  sarcasinus;  G.  sarkasinos:  from  sarkazo^  to  draw 
aside  the  flesh,  or  grin;  sarx^  flesh. 

SARCOTIC.  adj.  Incarnative  ;  having  the  quality  of 
filling  up  sores  with  new  flesh.  G.  sarx.^  flesh. 

SATELLITE,  s.  An  attendant,  (in  an  evil  sense  ;)  a 
small  planet  revolving  around  a  larger.  L.  satelics,  a 
species  of  soldiers,  or  a  partisan. 

SATIATE,  r.  To  satisfy  ;  to  glut,  or  fill  beyond  natu- 
ral desire.  L.  satio:  G.  satto.,  to  burthen. 

SATIETY,  s.  Fulness,  beyond  desire  or  pleasure  ;  more 
than  enough.  L.  satietas. — See  SATIATE. 

SATIPvE.  s.  A  poem,  (or  prosaic  discourse,)  in  which 
wickedness  or  folly  is  censured.  L.  satyra,  or  satira: 
G.  saturos^  a  sylvan  god.  This  kind  of  poem  is  of 
very  ancient  date  ;  and  (according  to  Horace)  was 
introduced,  into  the  Greek  tragedies,  by  way  of  inter- 
lude, to  relieve  the  audience  from  the  force  of  those 
strokes  which  were  thought  too  deep  and  affecting. 
In  these  satirical  interludes,  the  scene  was  laid  in  the 
country,  and  the  persons  v>^cre  rural  deities,  satyrs^ 
peasants,  Scq. 


SAT— SCH 

SATISFACTION.  *.  Act  of  fully  satisfying,  or  state 
of  being  satisfied  ;  release  from  suspense  ;  recompense 
for  an  injury.  L.  satisfactio. — See  SATISFY. 

SATISFY,  -v.  To  content;  to  recompense;  to  appease 
by  punishment ;  to  free  from  doubt,  perplexity,  or 
suspense  ;  to  convince.  L.  satisfacio:  comp.  of  satis^ 
enough,  andyac/o,  to  make. 

SATURATE,  v.  To  impregnate,  until  no  more  can  be 
received  or  imbibed.  L.  saturo:  from  satur,  full-fed. 

SAT  URN  I  AN.  adj.  Happy  ;  golden  ;  used  by  the  poets 
in  relation  to  times  of  felicity,  such  as  are  fabulously 
related  to  have  been  in  the  days  of  Saturn^  when  he 
is  said  to  have  reigned  in  Italy. 

SATURNINE,  adj.  Gloomy;  grave;  of  severe  tem- 
per ;  supposed  to  be  born  under  the  dominion  of  the 
planet  Saturn.  L.  saturninus. 

SAVAGE,  adj.  Wild  ;  uncultivated  ;  uncivilized  ;  bar- 
barous ;  ci^uel.    F.  sauvag-e;   L.  sijlva^  a  wood. 

SAVE.  V.  To  preserve  from  danger  or  destruction;  to 
reserve  or  lay  by;  to  except.  F.  sauver;  L.  salvo,  to 
preserve. 

SAVE,  fire/i.  Except ;  not  including.  Imperative  of  the 
verb  save. 

SCALADE.  s.  Entry  of  a  fortified  place  by  means  of 
ladders.  F.  from  the  L.  scaia,  a  ladder. 

SCALE.  V.  To  enter  by  means  of  a  ladder;  to  climb 
as  by  a  ladder.  L.  scala,  a  ladder. 

SCALE,  s.  Regular  gradation ;  regular  series,  rising 
like  a  ladder;  a  figure  subdivided  bylines  like  the 
steps  of  a  ladder,  used  in  measuring  proportions ;  se- 
ries of  harmonic  proportions,  Sec.  L.  scala,  a  ladder, 

SCANDAL,  s.  Offence  given  by  the  faults  of  others; 
reproachful  aspersion;  infamy.  L.  scandalum;  G. 
skandalon:  skazo,  to  halt,  or  be  maimed. 

SCEPTIC,  s.  One  who  assents  or  believes  only  after 
seeing  unquestionable  evidence.  F.  sceptiguej  G. 
ski'/fdkos:  from  skejitomai,  to  look  around. 

SCEPTRE,  s.  A  kind  of  royal  staff,  or  batoon,  now 
used  only  on  solemn  occasions.  L.  scejitrum;  G. 
skefitron;  from  skefito,  to  lean  upon. 

SCHEME.  8.  Plan;  project;  contrivance.  Q.  schema^ 
a  manner. 


SCH—SCO 

SCHISM,  s.  Separation  or  division,  arising  from  dis- 
cordant opinions.    G.  schisma:  from  schizo^  to  cleave. 

SCHISMATIC,  s.  One  v^ho  has  separated  in  conse- 
quence of  holding  a  different  opinion. — See  SCHISM. 

SCHOLAR,  s.  Member  of  a  school ;  one  who  learns  oi" 

a   master  ;    a   disciple  ;    a    man    of    letters. See 

SCHOOL. 

SCHOLIUiNI.  s.  A  note;  an  explanatory  observation. 
L.  from  the  G.  scholion. — See  SCHOOL. 

SCHOOL,  s.  A  place  of  discipline  and  instruction  ;  sys- 
tem of  doctrine,  peculiar  to  any  teacher.  L.  schola; 
G.  schole^  retirement,  leisure. 

SCIATER.  5.  An  instrument  used  in  designing.  G. 
skia^  a  shadow. 

SCIENCE,  s.  Knowledge  ;  any  species  of  knowledge. 
Science  is  theoretical  knowledge  ;  Art  is  practical 
knowledge.  Botany  is  a  science  ;  Gardening,  an  art. 
F.  science;  L.  scieiitia:  sciens^  part,  of  sc/o,  to  knov.^. 

SCIENTIFIC,  or  SCIENTIFICAL.  adj.  Producing 
demonstrative  or  certain  knowledge ;  philosophical ; 
not  mechanical.  F.  scientifique ;  L.  scientia.)  know- 
ledge, and /acio,  to  make.     See  SCIENCE. 

SCINTILLATE.  x\  To  emit  sparks.  L.  scintillo;  sci?i- 
iilla,  a  spark  :  scbido^  to  break  ofi',  or  divide. 

SCIOLIST,  adj.  One  who  knows  many  things  superfi- 
cially.   L.  scio.)  to  know. 

SCIOPTIC.  adj.  Pertaining  to  an  instrument  used  in 
the  cam,era  obscura.    G.  akia.^  a  shadow,  ojiiomai^  to 

SCO. 

SCIRE  FACIAS.  The  name  given  to  a  judicial  writ, 
ordering  the  defendant  to  show  cause,  why  the  execu- 
tion should  not  be  made  out  of  a  judgment  which  has 
passed.  h.J'ucias^  you  must  cause  [us,]  scirej  to  know  : 
scio,  d.nc] ^facio.' 

SCLEROTIC,  adj.  Hard;  an  epithet  applied  to  one  of 
the  coats  of  the  eye.    F.  sclerotiaue;  G.  skelos^  hard. 

SCORIA.  .5.  Dross  ;  recrement.  L.  scoria;  G.  skoria; 
skoTj  dung. 

SCORPIO,  s.  One  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac. 
L.  scor/iio,  a  scorpion. 

SCOTOMY.  s.  A  dizziness  of  the  head,  which  causes 
dimness  of  sigiu.    G.  skofo?na:  skoto-Oy  to  darken. 


SCO— SEC 

SCOURGE,  s.  A  whip ;  an  instrument  of  punishment;  a 
punishment ;  one  that  harasses,  or  destroys.  F.  esconr- 
tree;  L.  corrigia;  from  corrigo^  to  correct :  con^  with, 
and  rcgOy  to  rule. 

SCRIBBLE.  V.  To  write  without  use  or  elegance;  to 
write  carelessly  or  ill.  L.  scribillo:  scribo^  to  write. 

SCRIBE,  s.  A  writer.  This  term  was  much  used  be- 
fore the  invention  of  printing.    L,  scriba^  a  writer. 

SCRIPTURE,  s.  Sacred  writing  ;  (plural,)  the  Bible. 
L.  scj'ijitura:  scribo^  to  write. 

SCRIVENER,  s.  One  who  writes  contracts ;  one  who 
writes  under  the  superintendence  of  an  attorney.  L. 
scribo^  to  write. 

SCRUPLE,  s.  Doubt ;  difficulty  of  determination,  gene- 
rally respecting  minute  things;  twenty  grains  ;  prover- 
bially, any  small  quantity.  L.  scrupulus;  from  scrii- 
tor^  to  search  diligently,  or  explore. 

SCRU TABLE,  adj.  Discoverable  by  inquiry.  L.  scru- 
tor,  to  search  diligently,  or  explore.  ^ 

SCRUTINY,  s.  Minute  search,  or  examination.  L.  scru- 
tifiinm:  scrutoj^^  to  search  diligently,  or  explore. 

SCRUTOIRE.  s.  A  cabinet  for  writings.  F.  ecritoire, 
(formerly  escritoire:)  ecrire,  to  write. 

SCULPTOR.  5.  A  carver  ;  one  who  cuts  wood  or  stone 
into  images.  L.  sculfitor:  scul/itiis,  p.  part,  oi  sculjio, 
to  carve,  or  grave. 

SCURRILOUS,  adj.  Grossly  opprobrious;  vile;  low. 
L.  scurrilis:  scurra^  a  scoffer  :  G,  skurro,  to  weary 
or  vex. 

SEBACIC.  adj,  Sebacic  acid  is  procured  from  animal 
fat.    L.  sebaceus;  sebutn.,  tallow. 

SEBATES.  s.  Salts  formed  by  the  sebacic  acid,  when 
combined  with  alkalies,  earths,  and  metallic  oxides.— 
See  SEBACIC. 

SECANT,  s.  A  right  line  drawn  from  the  centre  of  j 
circle,  meeting  and  cutting  another  line,  without  it, 
called  the  tangent.    L.  secans^  part,  of  seco^  to  cut. 

SECEDE.  X'.  To  withdraw,  in  consequence  of  holding  a 

•  different  opinion.  L.  secedo;  «e,  denoting  separation, 
and  cedo^  to  depart. 

SECESSION,  s.  Act  of  seceding.  L.  secessio, — Sec 
SECEDE. 

[23*3 


SEC— SEC 

SECLUDE.  -V.  To  shut  up,  or  confine  from  ;  to  with- 
draw;  to  exclude.  L.  secludo;  comp.  qi  se^  denoting 
separation,  and  claudo.,  to  shut. 

SECOND,  adj.  Following  next  in  order  to  the  first ;  the 
ordinal  of  two  ;  inferior.  F.  second;  L.  secundus;  from 
sec/uor^  to  follow. 

SECOND,  s.  One  who  is  not  a  principal,  but  a  sup- 
porter or  abettor ;  one  who  accompanies  another  in  a 
duel ;  a  sixtieth  part  of  a  minute,  formerly  called  a 
second  minute. — See  the  adjective. 

SECONDARY,  adj.  Not  primary  ;  following  the  first ; 
subordinate  ;  not  of  the  first  order.  L.  secu7idarius. — 
See  SECOND. 

SE'CRET.  adj.  Retired  ;  private  ;  unseen  ;  hidden  ;  un- 
reveaied.  F.  secret:  L.  secretiis^  part,  of  secerno^  to 
put  asunder :  se^  asunder,  and  cerno^  to  sift. 

SECRETARY,  s.  One  entrusted  with  the  secrets^  or 
the  management  of  business  ;  one  who  writes  for  an- 
other ;  a  writing  desk,  or  cabinet  for  holding  valuable 
papers.    L.  secretarius. — See  SECRET. 

SECRETE'.  V.  To  hide  ;  (in  the  animal  economy,)  to 
separate. — See  SECRET. 

SECRETION,  s.  That  agency  in  the  animal  economy 
which  consists  in  secreting  or  separating  the  various 
fluids  of  the  body;  the  fluid  secreted. See  SE- 
CRETE. 

SECT.  s.  A  separate  body,  or  subdivision  of  persons, 
holding  an  opinion  different  from  the  society  from 
which  they  have  separated.  F.  secte;  L.  5cc?«.— -See 
SECTION. 

SECTION,  s.  A  part  divided  from  the  rest ;  a  division. 
L.  sectio;  sectus,  p.  part,  of  seco^  to  cut. 

S?lCTO'R.  s.  In  geometry,  a  mathematical  instrument, 
for  describing  or  measuring  angles.  L.  from  scctus, 
p.  part,  of  seco,  to  cut,  or  divide. 

SECULAR,  adj.  Relating  to  affairs  of  this  v/orld  ;  not- 
spiritual  : — in  the  church  of  Rome,  not  bound  by  mo- 
nastic rules.    L.  secularis;  seculum^  an  age  or  period 
of  man's  life  :  secula^  a  scythe,  (from  seco.^  to  cut  :)» 
alluding  to  the  emblematical  scythe  of  Time. 

SECUjY'dUM  ARTEM.     According  to  art.  L. 


SEC— SEN 

SECURE,  adj.  Using  no  care  to  avert  clanger;  without 
fear ;  confident ;  safe  ;  sufficiently  confined  to  prevent 
escape.    L.  seciwits;  se^  asunder,  and  cura^  care. 

SEDATE,  adj.  Still;  calm;  serene;  grave.  L.  sedatiiHj 
p.  part,  of  sedo.,  to  allay  :  scdeo^  to  sit. 

SEDENTARY,  adj.  Passed  in  sitting  still ;  without 
motion  or  action.  L.  sedentarius;  sedeo^  to  sit. 

SEDIMENT,  s.  That  which  subsides  to,  or  rests  at  the 
bottom.  F.  stdimcnt;  L.  sedimentum;  nedeo,  to  sit,  or 
rest  on. 

SEDITION,  s.  Mutiny  ;  treasonable  conspiracy.  L.  se- 
dition from  sedeo,  to  sit :  that  is,  to  sit  together,  or 
convene. 

SEDUCE.  V.  To  lead  from  duty  or  allegiance;  to  al- 
lure ;  to  betray ;  to  dishonour.  L.  seduco;  se,  asunder, 
and  duco,  to  lead. 

SEDUCTION,  s.  Act  of  seducing.  F.  seduction;  L. 
sediictusy  p.  part,  oi  seduco. — See  SEDUCE. 

SEDULOUS,  adj.  Assiduous;  industrious.  L.  sedulus; 
sedeo,  to  sit. 

SEGMENT,  s.  A  figure  contained  between  a  chord  and 
an  arch  of  a  circle,  or  so  much  of  a  circle  as  is  cut  off 
by  the  chord.  F.  segment;  L.  segmentum;  from  seco, 
to  cut. 

SELECT,  adj.  Chosen;  chosen  on  account  of  superior 
excellence.  L.  seiectus,  p.  part,  oi  selego:  scy  asunder, 
and  lego,  flegere,J  to  choose. 

SELENOGRAPHY,  s.  A  description  of  the  moon.  G. 
selene,  the  moon,  and  gra/i/io,  to  write. 

SEMBLANCE,  s.  Likeness  ;  resemblance  ;  figure.  F. 
semblance;  L.  sifnilis,  like. 

SEMI.  s.  A  word  which,  used  in  composition,  signifies 
half;  as,  semidiameter^  half  the  diameter.    L. 

SEMINAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  seed.  L.  semi- 
nalis;  seminisy  gen.  oi  se?ne7i,  seed. 

SEMINAP».Y.  s.  The  ground  in  which  seeds  are  sown, 
with  a  design  of  transplanting  their  produce  ;  place  of 
education,  where  the  seeds  of  knowledge,  and  of  fu- 
ture usefulness  and  good  conduct,  are  sown.  L.  se7ni- 
narium;  from  scmeji^  seed. 

SENATE,  s.  An  assembly  of  state  counsellors  or  legis- 


SEN— SEN 

iators,  chosen  on  account  of  their  mature  age,  and 
consequently  greater  experience,  -svisdoni,  and  pru- 
dence. L.  senatus;  senejc,  an  old  man. 

SENILE,  adj.  Relatin,^  or  pertaining  to  old  age.  L. 
senilis;  seniu?n,  oFd  age. 

SENIOR,  adj.  The  elder,  (opposed  to  junior.)  L.  se- 
nior, compar.  oi  senejc,  old. 

SENSATION,  s.  Perception  or  feeling  through  the 
senses.    L.  sensatio. — .See  SENSE. 

SENSE,  s.  Faculty  or  power  by  which  external  objects 
are  perceived  or  felt  by  the  mind.  The  senses  are 
five  in  number  ; — sight,  touch,  hearing,  smell,  and 
taste.  But  this  term  is  applied  more  extensively  in 
common  discourse,  though  restricted,  as  here  defined, 
by  metaphysicians.  L.  sensus;  from  a  part,  of  sentio^ 
to  discern  by  the  senses. 

SENSIBLE,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  perceiving  by 
the  senses  ;  perceptible  by  the  senses  ;  state  of  having 
perceived  by  the  senses. — See  SENSE. 

SENSITIVE,  adj.  Having  sense  or  perception,  but  not 
reason;  affected  by  contact,  or  the  touch,  as  a  sensi- 
tive plant.  F.  sensitif. — See  SENSE. 

SENSORIUM,  or  SENSORY,  s.  The  part  whence  the 
senses  transmit  their  perceptions  to  the  mind;  the  seat 
of  sense.  L. — -See  SENSE. 

SENSUAL,  adj.  Affecting  or  pertaining  to  the  senses, 
but  not  to  the  mind  ;  carnal ;  luxurious  ;  lewd.  F.  sen- 
suel. — See  SENSE. 

SENTENCE,  s.  Determination  or  decision,  as  of  a 
judge  ;  doom  ;  so  many  w.ords  as  express  a  sentiment 
or  occurrence  fully,  and  according  to  the  rules  of 
grammar.  F.  sentence;  L.  sententia,  an  opinion  :  from 
sentio,  to  be  sensible  of,  or  think. 

SENTENTIOUS,  ac//".  Abounding  with  sentences,  ax- 
ioms, and  maxims, — short  and  energetic.  L.  sententio- 
sus  — See  SENTENCE. 

SENTIENT,  adj.  Perceiving;  having  perception.  L. 
sentiens,  part,  of  sentio,  to  perceive  through  the 
senses. 

SENTIMENT,  s.  Conception  of  the  mind;  notion; 
opinion ;  meaning,  considered  distinctly  from  the  Ian- 


SEN— SER 

g-uag-e.  F.  sentiment;  L.  sentio,  to  think,  or  suppose, 
.    and  ?nens,  the  nriind. 
SENTINEL,  s.  One  who -watches  or  guards,  to  prevent 

surprise  or  theft.  F.  senthielle;  L.  seritio,  to  discern. 
SENTRY.  6'.  A  sentinel.— See  SENTINEL. 
SEPARATE.  V.  To  sever  a  part  from  the  rest ;  to  dis- 
unite ;  to  withdraw.  L.  sejiaro;  se,  asunder,  and /2aro, 

to  make. 
SEPTANGULAR,  adj.  Having  seven  angles.   L.  se/i- 

tem^  seven,  and  angii/us,  an  angle. 
SEPTEMBER.  .?.  The  seventh  month,  when  the  year 

began  in  March.    L.  from  se/item,  seven. 
SEPTENNIAL,  cc//.  Lasting  seven  years;  happening 

once  in  seven  years.  L.  sejiten?nsj  sejitem,  seven,  and 

annus.,  a  year. 
SEPTIC,    or  SEPTICAL.    adj.   Corrupting;    causing 

putrefaction  ;  L.  sejiticus;  G.  sejitikos;  from  sepo^  to 

putrefy. 
SEPTUAGINT.  s.  The  ancient  Greek  version  of  the 

Old  Testament ;  so  called,  as  being  the  work  of  about 

seventy  (seventy-two,)   interpreters,    L.  se^tuaginta^ 

seventy. 
SEPTUPLE,  adj.  Sevenfold.    L.  septuplex;  comp.  of 

sejitem^  seven,  and  diijilex^  double. 
SEPULCHRE,   s.  A   grave,  or  tomb.    L.  sepulcrum; 

sefiultus^  p.  part,  oi  scjiello.,  to  bury. 
SEPULTURE,  s.  Burial.    F.  sepulture;  L.  scjiulturaj 

sefiiiltus.,  p.  part,  oi  sepeliOy  to  bury. 
SEQUACIOUS,  cr/;.  Foliov/ing  ;  attendant ;  pliant.    L. 

scquacis^  gen.  oi  sequaa:;  sequor,  to  follow'. 
SEQUEL.  5.  Succeeding  part ;  consequence ;  event.  F. 

segiielle;  L.  seguor,  to  follow^ 
SEQUENCE,   s.   Order  of  succession ;  series.    L.  se- 

quens.,  part,  of  sequor,  to  follow^ 
SERENE,  adj.  Calm;   placid;   unruffled.    L.  serenus^ 

clear,  without  clouds. 
SERIATIM.    According  to  place  or  seniority.  L.  from 

series^  an  order,  concatenation,  or  course. 
SERIES.  .9.  Succession  ;  order;  course.    L.  series.,  an 

order,  a  conca.tenation,  a  course. 
SERIOUS,  adj.  Grave;  solemn  ;  in  earnest ;  important. 

L.  serius,  grave,  earnest. 


SER— SEV 

SERMON.  *.  A  religious  or  moral  discourse, pronounced 
or  composed  generally  by  a  clergyman.  F.  sermo?!; 
L.  sefvno,  discourse,  talk. 

SEROUS,  odj.  Thin  ;  watery  ;  relating  or  pertaining  to 
the  serum.  L.  serosus;  serum^  whey. 

SERPENT,  s.  An  animal  that  moves  by  undulation, 
without  legs.  L.  ser/ieyis^  part,  o^  serpo^  to  creep. 

SERPENTINE,  adj.  Resembling  a  serpent ;  winding 
like  a  serpent.  L.  serfientimis. — See  SERPENT. 

SERRATE,  or  SERRATED,  adj.  Indented  like  the 
edge  of  a  saw.    L.  scrratus;  serra^  a  saw. 

SERUM,  s.  In  anatomy,  a  thin,  transparent,  saltish  li- 
quor, which  makes  a  considerable  quantity  of  the  mass 
of  blood.    L.  serumy  whey. 

SERVANT,  s.  One  who  is  under  an  obligation  to  work 
for  another.  F.  servant. — See  SERVE. 

SERVE.  V.  To  work  for ;  to  attend  at  command  ;  to 
obey  ;  to  supply  with  food  or  table  furniture,  ceremo- 
niously ;  to  supply;  to  aid  ;  to  prom.ote  ;  to  content; 
to  deliver,  as  in  the  case  of  a  summons.  L.  servio; 
servusy  a  bond  servant :  servo,  to  keep,  heed,  or  de- 
fend. 

SERVICE,  s.  Act  of  serving;  time  of  serving;  public 
office  of  devotion;  employment;  benefit,  Sec.  F.  ser- 
vice;   L.  servitium. — See  SERVE. 

SERVILE,  adj.  Slavish  ;  dependent ;  mean ;  fawning 
or  cringing.    L.  servilis.—^^ee  SERVE. 

SERVITOR.  6'.  One  who  acts  under  another;  one  of 
the  lowest  order  in  a  university.  F.  serviteur. — See 
SERVE. 

SESS.  «.— -See  CESS. 

SESSION,  s.  A  stated  assembly  of  magistrates,  legisla- 
tors, divines,  ^c. ;  the  space  during  which  the  as- 
sembly sits.    F.  session;  L.  sessio;  from  sedeo,  to  sit. 

SETACEOUS,  adj.  Bristly;  set  with  strong  hairs; 
consisting  of  strong  hairs.  L.  sela,  a  bristle. 

SETON.  s.  A  hair,  or  thread  of  silk,  inserted  in  the 
flesh,  to  cause  a  discharge  of  humour.  F.  set  on;  L. 
seta,  a  bristle,  or  strong  hair. 

SEVER.  V.  To  separate  ;  to  disjoin.  F.  sevrer;  L,  ^f - 
Jiaro;  se,  asunder,  iiud  Jiaro,  to  make. 


SEV— -SIG 

SEVERAL,  adj.  Different ;  distinct ;  particular ;  sin- 
gle ;  divers  ;  many. — See  SEVER. 

SEX.  *.  The  property  by  which  any  animal  or  plant  is 
male  or  female  ;  gender,  as  regards  male  and  female. 
F.  sexe;  L.  sexus;  sectus^  p.  part,  of  seco^  to  cut,  or 
divide. 

SEXAGESIMA.  adj.  Relating  to  the  second  Sunday 
before  Lent ;  so  called  as  being  about  the  sixtieth  day 
before  Easter.  L.  fem.  of  sexagesimus^  the  sixtieth. 

SEX  ANGULAR,  adj.  Having  six  angles.  L.  sex,  six, 
and  angulus^  an  angle. 

SEXENNIAL,  adj.  Lasting  six  years;  happening  once 
in  six  years.  L.  sex,  six,  and  annus,  a  year. 

SEXTANT,  s.  The  sixth  part  of  a  circle;  an  astro- 
nomical instrument  formed  like  a  quadrant,  (of  99 
degrees,)  but  the  limb  of  which  comprehends  60  de- 
grees, or  the  sixth  part  of  a  circle.  L.  sextans,  a  sixth 
part :  sex,  six. 

SEXTILE.  adj.  Relating  to  the  position  of  two  planets, 
when  at  60  degrees  distance  (the  sixth  of  a  circle,) 
from  each  other.    L.  sextilis:  from  sex,  six. 

SEXTUPLE,  adj.  Sixfold  ;  six  times  told.  L.  sextu- 
filus:  sex,  six,  and  duplex,  double. 

SIBILANT,  adj.  Hissing.  L.  sibilans,  patt.  of  sibilo, 
to  hiss. 

SICCATION.  s.  Act  of  drying.  L.  siccatus,  p.  part,  of 
sicco,  to  dry. 

SIDERAL.  adj.  Starry  ;  astral.  L.  sideralis;  sideris, 
gen.  of  sidns,  a  star. 

SIDEROGRAPHIC.  adj.  Relating  to  the  art  of  en- 
graving or  impressing  letters  and  other  figures  on 
iron  or  steel ;  an  art  brought  to  a  very  high  state  of 
perfection,  if  not  invented,  by  Perkins,  &  Co.  of  Phila- 
delj)hia.  G.  sideros,  iron,  and  g-rajiho,  to  write. 

SIGN.  s.  A  mark  ;  that  by  which  any  thing  is  shown  ; 
an  omen.  F.  signe;  L.  sign  urn,  a  mark. 

SIGN.  V.  To  affix  or  subjoin  one's  hand -writing  or 
seal,  as  evidence  of  identity  or  ratification;  to  signify. 
— See  the  substantive. 

SIGNAL,  s.  Notice  given  by  a  sign  ;  a  sign  that  gives 
notice  ;  adj.  conspicuous  ;  remarkable,  F.  signal. — 
See  SIGN. 


SIG— SIN 

SIGNATURE,  s.  A  sign  or  mark  impressed  upon  any 
thing;  sign-manual.  F.  signature;  L.  signatiira. — 
See  SIGN. 

SIGNET,  s.  A  seal,  generally  used  for  the  seal-manual 
of  a  prince.  F.  signette;  dimin.  of  signe^  a  mark. — 
See  SIGN. 

SIGNIFY.  V.  To  declare  by  some  sign  or  token  ;  to 
express;  to  import.  F.  signijier;  L.  significo;  comp. 
of  signum,  a  sign,  and/acio,  to  make. 

SILEX.  s.  Flint.   L. 

SILICEOUS,  adj.  Having  the  nature  of  silex  or  flint. 
L.  siliceus,  or  siliciiis:  silicls,  gen.  of  silejc,  a  flint 
stone. 

SILVAN,  or  SYLVAN,  adj.  Woody  ;  shady  ;  retaining 
or  pertaining  to  woods.  L.  sili>a,  or  sylva,  a  wood. 

SIMILAR,  adj.  Like;  resembling.  T.  si?n?7«zre;  L.  si- 
milisy  like. 

SIMILE',  s.  A  comparison,  by  which  any  thing  is  il- 
lustrated or  made  more  striking  to  the  understanding. 
L.  si?7nl7s,  like. 

SIMILITUDE.  5.  Likeness  ;  resemblance  ;  comparison. 
L.  si77iilitudo:  from  similis^  like. 

SIMONY,  s.  The  crime  of  buying  or  selling  church 
preferments  ;  so  called,  from  the  resemblance  it  is 
said  to  bear  to  the  sin  of  Simon  Magus,  who,  upon 
seeing  the  miraculous  effects  of  the  laying  on  of  the 
apostles'  hands,  offered  them  money ;  saying,  "  Give 
me,  also,  this  power,"  Sec. — Luke. 

SIMPLE,  adj.  Single  ;  uncompounded  ;  plain  ;  artless  ; 
unskilled;  silly.  F.  simple;  L.  simplex:  comp.  oi  sin- 
gulus,  single,  and  plico,  to  fold. 

SIMULATION,  s.  Act  of  assuming  the  appearance  of 
some  particular  character,  with  the  intention  of  de- 
ceiving. F.  simulation;  L.  siinulatio:  si?}iulaius,  p. 
part,  of  simulo:  si?nilis,  like. 

SIMULTANEOUS,  adj.  Acting  together ;  acting  at  the 
same  time.  L.  simultaneus;  from  simul,  together,  and 
teneo^  to  hold. 

SINECURE,  s.  An  office  which  has  revenue  without 
any  care  or  employment.  L.  sine^  without,  cura^  care. 

SIJVJE'  DIE.    When  a  business  is  adjourned  sine  die, 


SIN— -soe 

no  day  is  appointed  for  its  reconsideration.  L.  sine^ 
Avithout,  die^  (abl.  oi  dies^)  a  day, 

SLYIC'  QUA  ./VO./V.  A  sine  qua  non  (without  which, 
not,)  is  an  indispensable  condition, — without  whicii 
being  acceded,  one  of  the  parties  is  predetermined 
not  to  sign  a  treaty  or  compact:  thus,  the  ""Acknow- 
ledgment of  the  independence  of  the  United  States'* 
was  a  si7ie  qua  noyi^  proposed  and  obtained  by  the 
American  commissioners  at  Paris  in  1782-3.    L. 

SINGLE,  adj.  Not  more  than  one;  unconnected;  parti- 
cular; individual;  alone;  unmarried.  L.  singulus^ 
every,  each  one,  one  by  one. 

SINGULAR,  adj.  Single;  expressing  only  one;  not 
plural;  unexampled;  remarkable;  unique.  1^.  singula- 
W.S.— See  SINGLE. 

SINISTER,  or//. Left, as  opposed  to  right;  evil  designed; 
unfair.  L. 

SINISTROUS.  adj.  Absurd;  perverse;  evil  designed. 
—See  SINISTER. 

SINUATED.  adj.  Bent  in  and  out.  L.  sinuatus^  p. 
part,  of  sinuo-t  to  wind:  sinus,  a  bosom,  or  bay, 

SINUOUS,  adj.  Bending  in  and  out.  L.  .sinus,  a  bosom, 
or  bay. 

SIREN,  s.  A  goddess,  (one  of  three,)  v>^ho  is  fabulously 
related  to  have  enticed  men  by  singing,  and  then  de- 
voured them;  any  mischievous  enticer.  L.  siren.  The 
name,  according  to  Bochart,  who  derives  it  from  the 
Phenician  language,  implies  a  songstress.  Its  mean- 
ing is,  therefore,  synonymous  with  the  G.  surizo,  to 
play  on  a  pipe. 

SITE.  s.  Situation;  local  position.  L.  situs:  from  situs, 
(p.  part,  of  sino,^  set,  or  placed. 

SITUATION,  s.  Place;  position;  condition;  state.  F. 
situation. — See  SITE. 

SKELETON,  s.  The  bones  of  a  body,  preserved  or  re- 
maining, as  nearly  as  possible,  in  their  natural  posi- 
tion; the  frame  of  any  thing,  in  an  unfinished  or  de- 
cayed state;  officers  of  a  regiment  which  has  been 
wasted  in  service.   G.  from  skelo,  to  dry. 

SKEPTIC— See  SCEPTIC. 

SOCIAL,  adj.  Fond  of  society;  relating  to  society;  fa- 
[24] 


SOC— SOL 

miliar;  cheerful;  agreeable.  L,.  sociaiis:  ivoin  socivs^ 
a  companion. 

SOCIETY,  s.  Union  of  many  in  one  general  interest; 
people  thus  united;  company.  F.  societe;  L.  societas: 
socius,  a  companion. 

SOI  DISANT.  Self-called  ;  as,  the  soi-disant  baronet.  F. 

SOJOURN.  V.  To  dwell  only  for  a  time;  to  live  as  from 
home.  F.  sejourner;  joiirnee^  a  journey  :  jour^  a  day. 

SOLAR,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  sun.  L.  So- 
laris: sol,  the  sun. 

SOLDIER,  s.  A  warrior:  originally,  one  who  served 
for  fiay.  L.  solidarius.  Low  L.  of  solidus,  a  piece  of 
money. 

SOLE.  s.  That  part  which  touches  the  ground.  L.  so- 
lum, that  which  sustains  or  bears  any  thing  on  it;  the 
ground. 

SOLE.  adj.  Single;  only;  (in  law,)  not  married.  Old  F. 
sole;   L.  solus,  alone. 

SOLECISM,  s.  Unfitness  of  one  word  to  another;  im- 
propriety in  language.  L.  soloecismus;  G.  soloikismos: 
Solce,  a  Grecian  city  of  Cilicia,  in  Asia  Minor,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  degenerated,  in  lanL,jage,  from  the 
purity  of  the  Attic  dialect;  hence,  the  Athenians  ap- 
plied the  term,  soloikoi,  to  all  people  of  barbarous 
speech,  and  to  all  barbarians. 

SOLEMN,  adj.  Religiously  grave;  awful;  serious.  L. 
solemnis,  or  solennis,.  yearly,  or  appointed:  that  is, 
done  every  year,  at  an  appointed  time,  in  the  manner 
of  a  religious  ceremony  :  solus,  only,  and  aiuius,  a 
year. 

SC)LICIT.  -v.  To  entreat;  to  implore;  to  ask.  L.  soli- 
cito,  to  stir  or  dig  up  the  ground,  to  disturb,  to  be 
busy,  to  trouble,  to  press,  to  be  urgent:  solum,  the 
ground,  and  cito,  to  excite,  or  stir  up. 

SOLICITOUS,  ft^y.  Anxious;  anxiously  desirous;  con- 
cerned. L.  solicitus. — See  SOLICIT. 

SOLID,  adj.  Not  liquid;  compact;  not  hollow;  full  of 
matter;  strong;  firm;  having  all  the  geometrical  di- 
mensions; sound;  real;  grave,  L.  solidus,  substantial. 

SOLIDUNGULOUS.  adj.  Whole-hoofed,  not  cloven. 
L.  solidus,  solid,  and  ungulus,  a  hoof. 

SOLILOQUY.  5.  A  discourse  made  by  one,  in  private, 


SOL— SOP 

to  himself.  F.  soliloque:  L.  solus^  alone,  and  loquor^ 
to  speak. 

SOLIPEDE.  s.  An  animal  whose  feet  are  not  cloven. 
L.  so  lid  i,  and  /ledes^  pi.  of  solid  us^  solid,  and  pes,  a 
foot. 

SOLITARY,  adj.  Alone;  retired;  done  or  passed  with- 
out company;  single.  L.  solitarius:  solus^  alone. 

SOLITUDE,  s.  Solitary  life;  state  of  being  alone;  re- 
tirement; a  desert.  L.  solitudo:  solus,  alone. 

SOLO.  s.  A  tune  designed  for  a  single  instrument  or  a 
single  voice.    Italian ;  from  the  L.  solus,  alone. 

SOLSTICE,  s.  A  point  in  the  ecliptic,  beyond  which 
the  sun  does  not  go;  or,  rather,  beyond  which  the  earth 
does  not  proceed,  in  its  annual  motion  around  the  sun. 
L.  solstitium;  comp.  of  sol,  the  sun,  and  status,  part. 
of  sto,  to  stand. 

SOLSTITIAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  sol- 
stice. L.  solstitialis. — See  SOLSTICE. 

SOLUBLE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  dissolved.  L.  solu- 
hills:  from  solvo,  to  loosen,  or  melt. 

SOLUTION,  s.  Act  of  dissolving;  matter  dissolved; 
explanation.  F.  solution;  L.  solutio:  solutus,  p.  part, 
of  solvo,  to  loosen,  untie,  or  melt. 

SOLVE.  V.  To  explain;  to  make  intelligible.  L.  solvo, 
to  loosen,  or  untie. 

SOLVENT,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  dissolving;  hav- 
ing the  means  of  paying  debts  contracted,  and  thus 
dissolving  an  obligation.  L.  solvens,  part,  of  solvo, 
to  loosen,  discharge,  or  melt. 

SOMNAMBULATE.  v.  To  walk  whileiasleep.  L.  som- 
nus,  sleep,  and  ambulo,X.o  walk. 

SOiflNIFEROUS.  adj.  Causing  sleep.  L.  somnifer: 
comp.  of  somnus,  sleep,  and ycro,  to  bring. 

SOMNIFIC,  adj.  Causing  sleep.  L.  somnus,  sleep,  and 
facio,  to  make. 

SONATA,  s.  A  tune.  Italian;  from  the  L.  sono,  to 
sound. 

SONNET,  s.  A  short  poem,  or  species  of  song.  F.  son- 
net: L.  sono,  to  sound. 

SOPHISM,  s.  A  fallacious  argument,  ingeniously 
framed  ;  an  unsound  subtlety.  G.  sojihisma,  somethincf 
invented:  sofihia,  wisdom. 


SOP— SPE 

SOPHIST,  s.  A  professor  of  philosophy;  a  framer  of 
sophisiiis,  or  prating  caviller.  G.  sojihistes:  sojihiu^ 
wisdom. 

SOPHISTER.  s.  A  disputant,  fallaciously  subtle ;  one 
who  frames  sophisms;  a  particular  rank  in  some  uni- 
versities.—See  SOPHIST. 

SOPHISTICATED,  part.  adj.  Fallacious;  spurious; 
adulterated.— See  SOPHIST,  and  SOPHISTER. 

SOPHISTRY,  s.  Fallacious  argumentation;  logical  ex- 
ercise.—See  SOPHIST. 

SOPORIFIC,  adj.  Causing  sleep.  L.  sopor,  sleep,  and 
J'acio,  to  make. 

SORCERER,  s.  A  pretended  enchanter  or  magician. 
L.  aortiarius;  from  sorti,  (abl.  of  sors,')  by  a  lot  or 
chance. 

SORDID,  adj.  Mean;  vile;  base;  covetous;  niggardly. 
L.  sordidus:  from  sordes,  filth. 

SORORICIDE.  5.  Murder  of  a  sister.  L.  soror,  a  sis- 
ter, and  C(£do,  to  kill. 

SORT.  s.  A  kind;  a  species;  rank.  F.  sorte:  L.  sors,  a 
lot,  chance,  condition,  kind. 

SOVEREIGN,  adj.  Supreme  in  power;  chief;  su- 
premely efficacious.  F.  souveraine:  L.  siiper,  above, 
and  reg-710,  to  reign. 

SPACE,  s.  Room;  quantity  of  time;  the  relation  of  dis- 
tance between  any  two  bodies  or  points.  L.  spatium, 
a  space  of  ground  or  time;  but,  properly,  a  stage  or 
distance  in  racing. 

SPACIOUS,  adj.  Wide;  extensive;  roomy.  L.  spatio- 
5?^9.— See  r^ACE. 

SPASM,  s.  Convulsion;  violent  and  involuntary  con- 
traction.  G.  s/iasma;  from  spaa,  to  draw,  or  pluck. 

SPASMODIC,    adj.  Convulsive.— See  SPASM. 

SPECIAL,  adj.  Particular;  peculiar;  appropriate;  de- 
signed for  a  particular  purpose;  extraordinary;  un- 
common. L.  spec  talis. -—See  SPECIES. 

SPEC:iES.  .5.  A  sort;  a  subdivision  of  a  general  term; 
single  order  of  beings.  L.  species,  a  form,  figure,  or 
sort. 

SPECIFIC,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  qualities 
which  make  or  distinj^uish  a  species;  appropriated  to 


SPE— SPE 

the  cure  of  some  one  species  of  distemper.  F.  s/ieci- 
^fique:   L.  sfiecics^  a  sort,  aiKiy«c/o,  to  make. 

SPECIFY.  V.  To  mention  a  species  or  sort  by  some 
particular  marks  of  distinction;  to  show  or  declare 
particularly,  not  generally.  F.  sficcijicr:  L.  species,  a 
sort,  and/aczo,  to  make,  or  delineate. 

SPECIMEN,  s.  A  sample;  a  part  of  any  divisible  spe- 
cies exhibited,  that  the  rest  may  be  known.  L. — See 
SPECIES. 

SPECIOUS,  adj.  Showy;  plausible;  apparently,  but  not 
really  right  or  valuable.  L.  s/ieciosus:  from  s/iecio,  to 
see. 

SPECTACLE,  s.  Any  thing  perceived  by  the  sight;  a 
show;  something  exhibited  to  the  view  as  eminently 
remarkable;  (in  the  plural,)  glasses  to  aid  the  sight. 

F.  sjiectacle;  1^.  sJiectacuUim:  sjiectu7n,  sup.  oi  specio^ 
to  see. 

SPECTATOR,  s.  A  looker-on;  a  beholder.  L.  specta- 
ror.— -See  SPECTACLE. 

SPECTRE,  s.  An  apparition;  a  phantasm.  F.  spectre; 
L.  spectrum:  spectum,  sup.  of  s/zec/o,  to  see. 

SPECTRUM,  s.  An  image;  a  visible  form.  Ocular 
spectra  are  images  presented  to  the  eye,  after  re- 
moving them  from  a  bright'  object,  or  closing  them. 
L.  from  specioy  to  see. 

SPECULAR,  adj.  Having  the  qualities  of  a  mirror  or 
looking  glass.  L.  specularis;  specio^  to  see. 

SPECULATE.  V.  To  look  forward  with  the  mind;  to 
conjecture;  to  purchase  any  thing  under  the  impres- 
sion of  a  future  advance  in  its  value, — or  to  sell  in 
expectation  of  a  decline.  L.  s/ieculor:  from  speclo.,  to 
see. 

SPECULUM,  s.  A  mirror;  a  looking  glass;  that  in 
which  representations  are  formed  by  reflexion.  L.  spe- 
culum: specio,  to  see. 

SPERM,  s.  Seed;  that  by  which  a  species  is  continued. 

G.  sperm  a:  speiro,  to  sow. 

SPERMATIC,  adj.  Seminal;  consisting  of  seed;  be- 
longing to  or  containing  sperm. — See  SPERM. 

SPERM'oLOGIST.  s.  One  who  gathers  and  treats  of 
seeds.   G.  sper?nologos:  comp.  of  sperina,  seed,  and 
logos,  a  description. 
[24*] 


SPH— SPI 

SPHACELUS,  s.  A  gangrene;  a  mortification  of  the 
flesh.   G.  sphaktlos:ivo\Ti  sphazo^  to  destroy. 

SPHERE,  s.  A  globe;  a  solid  body,  contained  under 
one,  uniform,  round  surface,  every  point  of  which  is 
equally  distant  from  a  certain  point  in  the  middle, 
called  its  centre;  orb;  circuit  of  motion ;  individual 
compass  of  knowledge  or  action  ;  particular  employ- 
ment. L.  sfihcsra;  G.  sphaira^  a  bov»l,  or  any  thing 
that  is  round. 

SPHEROID,  s.  A  solid  body,  oblong  or  oblate,  approach- 
ing the  form  of  a  sphere.  G.  spuiru^  a  spiiere,  and 
eidos,  a  shape. 

SPHINCTER,  s.  A  muscle  which  binds  up  or  draws 
together  any  passage  or  duct  of  the  body.  G.  iji/iuigoy 
to  shut  up. 

SPINE,  s.  The  back-bone.  L.  sfiina^  a  thorn,  a  prickle, 
a  pin,  the  back-bone,  [or  that  which  pins  the  body  to- 
gether.] 

SPIN^.  *.  In  botany,  thorns  or  rigid  prickles.  L.  pi. 
of  spina^  a  thorn. 

SPINIFEROUS.  adj.  Bearing  thorns.  L.  spijia,  a  thorn, 
and  y(??'o,  to  bear. 

SPINOUS,  adj.  Thorny;  full  of  thorns,  h.  sjiinosus: 
spina.,  a  thorn. 

SPIRACLE.  *.  A  breathing  hole;  a  vent;  a  small  aper^ 
ture.  L.  Hpiraculum:  spiro^  to  breathe. 

SPIRAL,  adj.  Curve;  winding;  circularly  formed,  like 
a  screw. — See  SPIRE. 

SPIRE,  s.  A  curve  line  ;  a  curl ;  a  wreath  ;  a  building 
of  a  taper  form,  on  the  outside  or  inside  of  which 
winding  stairs  are  built;  any  building  of  a  taper  form, 
without  winding  stairs.  L.  apira:  from  the  G.  spelra^ 
a  rope;  alluding  to  the  winding  convolutions  of  the 
several  plies  of  a  rope. 

SPIRIT.  .<?.  Breath;  principle  oj  animal  life;  an  imma- 
terial substance;  an  intellectual  being;  the  human 
soul ;  a  spectre  ;  temper  ;  ardour  ;  courage  ;  enter- 
prise; desire;  characteristical  likeness;  an  inflamma- 
ble and  intoxicating  licpior,  obtained  by  distillation.  L. 
spii'itus:  s/iiroy  to  breathe. 

SPIRITUAL,  adj.  Distinct  from  matter;  incorporeal; 
relating  to  the  soul;  not  temporal;  relating  to  eter- 


SPI— SQU 

iiity;  ccclesiaslical.  F.  spiritutl;  L.  sjiiritualis, — See 
SJURiT. 

SPIRITUOUS,  adj,  Havini^  the  qiuility  of  distilled  spi- 
rit. F.  fifiiritueux. — See  SPIRFF. 

SPLEEN,  s.  The  milt;  one  of  the  intestine  members, 
the  use  of  which  is  scarcely  known.  It  is  fancied  to 
be  the  seat  of  anger,  melancholy,  and  mirth;  hence, 
the  application  of  the  term,  in  relation  to  these  pas- 
sions.  L.  and  G.  sjilen.  • 

SPLENDID,  adj.  Showy;  magnificent;  sumptuous; 
pompous.  F.  tijilendide;  L.  s/ilefididus:  s/iiendco,  to 
shine. 

SPLENETIC,  ar/y.  Troubled  with  the  spleen  ;  frr-..ful; 
peevish.   F.  s/ilcnctique. — See  SPLEEN. 

SPOIL.  V.  To  carry  away  by  force;  to  plunder;  to  in- 
jure; to  grow  useless.  L.  s/iolio:  from  the  G.  .s/zfto,  to 
draw,  or  pluck  off". 

SPOLIATION.  6'.  Act  of  robbery,  or  illegal  seizure.  L. 
sfioHatio. — See  SPOIL. 

SPONSOR,  s.  One  wha  makes  a  promise  or  gives  se- 
curity for  another.  L.  .s/!o?isor:  s/iousuc.  p.  part,  of 
s/iondeo,  to  promise  willingly. 

SPONTANEOUS,  adj.  Voluntary;  natural;  without 
cultivation.  L.  sponiuneus:  from  ^/londeo,  to  promise 
willingly. 

SPOUSE,  s.  One  joined  in  marriage;  a  husband  of 
W'ife.  F.  e/iousc,  (formerly,  espoufie;)  L.  s/ionsu:  .'ijion- 
siis^  (p.  part,  of  .v/i07K/<?o,)  willingly  promised. 

SPRIGHT,  or  SPRITE.  .9.  A  spirit;  .an  apparition. 
This  word  is  a  contraction  of  Spirit. 

SPRKiHTLY.  adj.  Airy;    with 'spirit;   lively. Sec 

SPRIGHT. 

SPUME.  «.  Foam,  or  froth.  L.  sfnima:  sfiuo^  to  spit; 
and,  from  the  same  root,  is  derived  the  verb  s/icw. 

SQUADRON,  s.  Originally,  signified  a  body  of  troops 
drawn  up  square.  It  now  denotes  part  of  an  army, 
or  part  of  a  fleet,  and  sometimes,  a  small  fleet.  F.  es- 
cadron;  Italian,  sguadrone;  L.  quadratus^  squared. 

SQUALID,  adj.  Foul;  nasty;  filthy.  L.  squalidus;  sqiia- 
leo,  to  be  filthy. 

SQUAMOUS,  adj.  Scaly ;  covered  with  scales.  L, 
squameus:  squama.^  the  scale  of  a  fish,  Sec. 


SQU— STA 

SQUIRE,  s.  This  word,  a  contraction  of  Esquire,  is 
X  used,  by  the  peasantry  of  I'.ngland,  to  denote  a  coun- 
try gentleman;  and  signifies,  in  so7ne  parts  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  or 
one  of  those  low,  illiterate,  mercenary  magistrates, 
who  are,  in  general,  a  disgrace  to  the  judicial  cha- 
racter^  and  an  injury  to  society. — See  ESQUIRE. 

STABILITY,  6'.  Capability  of  standing;  steadiness; 
fi^l^iiness.    F.  stabilite;    L.  stabilitas. — See  STABLE. 

STABLE,  adj.  Capable  of  standing;  steady;  firm.  L. 
stabilis:  sto,  to  stand. 

STABLE.  .9.  A  house  for  beasts.  L.  stabuliim:  sio^  to 
stand. 

STAGNx\NT.  adj.  Motionless;  not  flowing.  L.  stag- 
na7is^  part,  of  stagnon,  to  stand  still. 

STAGNATE,  v.  To  become  motionless;  to  have  no 
course  or  stream.  L.  stagiiatus,  p.  part,  of  stagno^  to 
stand  still. 

STALACTITE,  s.  Spar,  in  the  shape  of  an  icicle, 
formed  by  water  dropping  from  the  fissures  of  a  rock. 
G.  stalazo^  to  drop. 

STAMINA,  s.  First  principles;  solids  of  the  human 
body;  (in  botany,)  little  threads  or  capillaments,  which 
grow  up  within  the  flowers  of  plants,  and  encompass 
the  style.  L.  pi.  of  stamen^  hemp,  fiax.  Sec.  placed  on 
a  distc.ff  for  spinning, — or  a  thread  :  G.  isie?ni,  to  place 
or  build. 

STAMINEOUS.  s.  In  botany,  consisting  of  stamina  or 
threads.    L.  stamineus. — See  STAMINA. 

STATE.  *.  Condition;  circumstances  of  nature  or  for- 
tune; degree;  ceremonious  order,  or  position  ;  rank  ; 
grandeur;  nation  or  commonwealth,  h.  status:  sta- 
tus, p.  part,  o^  sto-,  to  stand. 

STATE,  -v.  To  represent  the  state  or  condition,  in  all 
the  circumstances  of  modification ;  to  explain. — See 
the  noun. 

STATED,  part.  adj.  Established;  ordained;  regular. 
L.  status,  p.  part,  of  sto,  to  stand,  or  continue. 

STATICS,  s.  The  science  which  considers  the  weight 
of  bodies.  G.  statike:  statos,  part,  oi  istemi,  to  stand 
or  sustain. 


STA— STE 

STATION,  s.  Appointed  place  of  standing  orasscni- 

bling;    session   at   an   appointed   place;    post;   office; 

situation;  rank;  condition  of  life.  F,  station;  L.statio: 

status^  p.  part,  oi  sto^  to  stand. 
STATIONER,  s.  A  vender  of  books,  £cc.  who  remains 

in  one  station  or  fixed  place,  but  does  not  sell  as  an 

itinerant,  or  pedler. — See  STATION. 
STATUE,  s.  A  standing  image.  F.  statue;  L.  statua: 

status^  p.  part.  o{  sto^  to  stand. 
STATU  QUO.     In  its  (his,  her,  or  their,)  former  state. 

L.  statu.,  in  the  state,  t/wo,  in  \vhit;h  ;  status  and  qui. 
STATURE.  6'.  The   height  of  any   animal,   measured 

when  standing.  F.  stature;  L.  statural  status^  p.  part. 

of  sto^  to  stand. 
STATUS   QUO.     The  ^^  status  cjuo  ante  helium^'  the 

state  in  which  [the  several  belligerents  were]  before 

the  war.   L. 
STATUTE,  s.  A  law;  an   edict  of  a  legislature.    F. 

statut;  L,.  statutum:  status^  p.  part,  of  *^o,  to  stand, 

or  continue. 
STEGANOGRAPHY.  s.  The  art  of  writing  secretly 

in  ciphers.   G,  steganos^  secret,  and  gra/iho^  to  write. 
STEGNOSIS.   s.  An  obstruction  of  the  pores  of  the 

body;  the  suppression  of  any  evacuation.  G.  stegno-o^ 

to  bind. 
STEGNOTIC.    adj.   Binding;   rendering   costive.    G. 

stegnotikos:  from  stegno-o.,  to  bind, 
STELLAR,  adj.  Astral;  relating  to  the^tars.  L.  s'tella^ 

a  star. 
STELLATE,    adj.  Pointed  in  the  manner  of  an  irra- 
diating star.     L.  stellatus.,  part.- of  6<fc'//or;   Stella.^  a 

star. 
STENOGRAPHY,  s.  Short-hand.  (<:..stenos,  shorthand 

gra/iho.,  to  write. 
STERCORACEOUS.  adj.  Relating  to  dung;  partaking 

of  the  nature  of  dung.  is.  stercoraceus:  stercorin,  gen. 

of  stercus'.,  dung. 
STEREOGRAPHY,    s.  Art   of  drawing   the  forms  of 

solid  bodies  on  a  plane.   G.  stereos^  solid,  ?,nd  gra/i/io, 

to  write. 
STEREOMETRY.  *.  The  art  of  measuring  solid  bodies. 

G.  stereosy  solid,  and  metrcn.,  to  measure. 


STE— STR 

STEREOTYPE,  s.  Stereotype  printing  is  by  types  cast 
together,  in  a  solid  plate;  not  by  types,  each  of  which 
can  be  separated  from  the  other.  G.  stereos,  solid,  and 
tu/ios,  a  ty])e. 

STERIL.  adj.  Barren;  unfruitful.  L.  sterilis:  from  the 
G.  stereo,  to  take  away. 

STIGMA,  s.  A  mark  of  infamy.  G.  stigma:  from  stizo, 
to  brand. 

STIGMATIZE,  -v.  To  brand,  or  distinguish  by  a  mark 
of  infamy.— See  STIGMA. 

STILL.  *.  A  vessel  used  in  distilling. — See  DISTIL. 

stimulate:,  v.  To  excite  forward;  to  influence  by 
some  pungent  motive ;  to  increase  the  animal  spirits. 
L.  stimulo,  to  prick:   G.  stigme,  a  point. 

STIPEND,  s.  Salary;  settled  pay.  L.  stipendium:  from 
stifiis,  a  piece  of  money,  with  which  the  Roman  sol- 
diers were  anciently  paid,  by  weight. 

STIPENDIARY,  s.  One  who  receives  a  stipend See 

STIPEND. 

STIPTIC.  af/y.—See  STYPTIC. 

STIPULATE,  p.  To  bargain;  to  contract;  to  settle 
terms.  L.  stifiulor:  from  stilio,  to  fill  up  close. 

STOIC,  s.  One  who  holds  the  doctrines  of  the  heathen 
philosopher,  Zeno.  L.  stoicus;  G.  stoikos:  from  stoa, 
a  porch,  in  which  Zeno  taught. 

STOMACH,  s.  The  ventricle  in  which  food  is  digested ; 
appetite.  L.  stomachus;  G.  stoma,  a  mouth,  and  echo, 
to  have. 

STRANGLE,  -v.  To  choke;  to  suffocate;  to  kill  by  in- 
tercepting the  breath;  to  hinder  from  birth  or  ap- 
pearance. L.  strangulo;  G.  strangul6-o,  to  writhe, 
or  twist. 

STRANGURY,  s.  A  painful  difficulty  in  passing  urine. 
L.  stranguria;  G.  strafigouria;  comp.  of  strangx,  a 
drop,  and  ouron,  urine. 

STRATA.  .9.  Layers.    Plural  of  Stratum.  L. 

STRATA(iEIM.  s.  An  artifice  in  war;  a  trick,  by  which 
some  advantage  is  endeavoured  to  be  gained.  L.  strata- 
g'cma;  G.  strategema:  from  strategeo,  to  command  an 
army:  comp.  of  stratos^  an  army,  and  ago,  to  lead. 

STRATIFY.    V,   To  arrange  in   strata,  or  layers.    F. 


STR—STY 

stratifier:   L.  stratum^  a  bed  or  layer,  and  y«c/o,  to 

make. 
STRATUM,  s.  A  layer.    L.  stratum:   struiu.y,  p.  part. 

of  sterno,  to  spread. 
STREET,  s.  A  way  (properly  a  paved  way.)  between 

two  rows  of  houses;  tne  houses  which  bound  the  way. 

Derived,  through  the  Saxon,  from  stratum:  which  is 

from  stratus^  p.  part,  of  stcrno^  to  spread. 
STRENUOUS,  adj.  Active;  zealous;  ardently  labori- 
ous.   L.  strenuus,  brisk. 
STRI^.   s.   In   natural   history,   the   small   grooves  or 

channels  in  the  shells  of  cockles,  scallops,  ike.    L.  pi. 

of  .9/rm,  a  groove. 
STRIATE,  or  STRIATED,   adj.  Formed  in  strice.  L. 

striatus,  p.  part,  of  strio,  to  groove. 
STRICT,  adj.  Exact;  accurate;  rigorously  attentive  to 

rules;  severe;  confined;  tight.  L.  strictus^  p.  part,  of 

stri7igo^  to  grasp  or  hold  fast. 
STRICTURE,    s.    Contraction  ;     critical    remark.     L. 

strictura:  strictus^  p.  part,  of  fstiniig-o^  to  grasp  or  hold 

fast. 
STRUCTURE,  s.  Act  of  building;  practice  of  build- 
ing; that  which  is  built;  form;  arrangement  of  words. 

F.    structure ;     L.    structura :    structus^   p.    part,  of 

struo,  to  pile  up. 
STUDENT,  s.  C3ne  w^ho  is  studying.    L.  studens,  part. 

of  studeo,  to  study. 
STUDY,  .s.  Application  of  mind  to  books  and  learning; 

deep  cogitation;   any  particular  kind  of  learning.  L. 

studium:  studeo,  to  study. 
STUPEFACTION.  .?.  Act  of  stupefying;  state  of  being 

stupefied.    F.  stu]ief action;  L.  stujiefactus.,  p.  part,  of 

stu/iefacio. — See  STUPEFY. 
STUPEFY.  V.  To  make  stupid.    L.  stufiefacio:  comp. 

of  stu/ior,  senselessness,  and /czc/o,  to  make. 
STUPID,  adj.  Dull;  wanting  sensibility;  wanting  ap- 
prehension; sluggish.    L.  stufiidus. — See  SFUPOR. 
STUPOR,   s.  Suspension  or   diminution  of  sensibility. 

L.  stupor:  from  the  G.  stupho^  to  tie  fast. 
STYGIAN,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  river  Styx ; 

hellish;   infernal.    L.  stygius;    iSttjg-is,   gen.  of  Stysc, 


STY— SUB 

the  poetical  infernal  lake.  G.  Stiix:  from  stugeo^  to 
tremble. 
STYLE.  .5.  A  pointed  iron,  used  anciently  in  writing  on 
tables  of  wax;  manner  of  writing,  with  regard  to  the 
language;  manner  of  executing,  effecting,  or  acting, 
in  general;  title,  appellation;  the  pin  of  a  dial,  h^c.  L. 
stylus;  G.  stulos. 
STYPTIC,  or  STYPTICAL.  adj.  Astringent;  effica- 
cious in  stopping  a  flow  of  blood.   L.  stypticus;  G. 
stuptikos:  stupho^  to  tie  fast,  or  bind. 
SUASIVE.  adj.  Persuasive.    L.  suadeo^  to  persuade. 
SUAVITY,  adj.  Agreeableness;  amiability.  F.  siiavitc; 

L.  suavitas;  sixavis,  sweet,  in  smell  or  taste. 
SUB.     A  Latin  preposition,  signifying  under,  or  in  a 

subordinate  degree. 
SUBALTERN,   adj.  Subordinate;  of  rank  below  that 
of  a  captain.    F.  subalterne:  L.  sub^  under,  and  altcr^ 
another. 
SUBAQUEOUS,   adj.  Existing  under  water.    L.  sub., 

under,  and  aqua.,  water. 
SUBDIVIDE,   s.  To   divide   that  which   has  been   al- 
ready divided.  L.  sub.,  under,  (meaning,  in  a  subordi- 
nate degree,)  and  divide. 
SUBDIVISION,  s.  Act  of  subdividing;   thing  subdi- 
vided.   L,.  'Sub^  under,  (meaning,  in  a  subordinate  de- 
gree.) and  division. 
SUBDUCE,  or  SUBDUCT,   x'.  To  withdraw;  to  take 
away;  to  subtract.  L.  subduco,  (sup.  subductum:)  suby 
under,  and  duco,  to  lead. 
SUBDUCTION.   s.  Act  of  subducing,  or  subducting. 

L.  subductio.—'^ee  SUBDUCE. 
SUBDUPLE,  or  SUBDUPLICA TE.   adj.  Containing 
one  part  of  two.    F.  subduple;  from  the  L.  sub.,  un- 
der, and  duplex.,  double,  or  duplicatus.,  doubled. 
SU BERATES,  s.  Salts  formed  by  the  combination  of 

any  base,  with  the  suberic  acid. — See  SUBERIC. 
SUBERIC,  adj.  Suberic  acid  is  obtained  from  cork.  L. 

suber.,  the  cork  tree,  or  cork. 
SUBJACENT,  adj.  Lying  under,    h.  subjaceyis,  part. 

oi  fiubjaceo;  sub,  under,  and^'aceo,  to  lie. 
-SUBJECT'.  V.  To  reduce  to  submission;  to  make  sub- 


SUB— SUB 

ordinate;  to  enslave;  to  expose;  to  make  liable. — Sec 
SUBJECT. 

SUB'JECT.  s.  One  who  lives  under  the  dominion  of 
another ;  that  on  which  any  operation,  either  mental 
or  material,  is  performed  ;  that  in  whicli  any  thing  in- 
heres or  exists;  (in  grammar,)  the  nominative  case  to 
a  verb.  L.  subjectus,  p-  part,  oi  suhjicio}  sub,  under, 
and  Jacio,  to  throw. 

SUBJOIN.  V.  To  add  at  the  end.  L.  sub^  under,  and 
join. 

SUBJUGATE.  T'.  To  conquer;  to  subdue.  L.  subjugo: 
sub^  under,  and  jagiim^  a  yoke. 

SUBJUNCTIVE,  adj.  Subjoined;  dependent;  contin- 
gent. L.  siibju7icth>us;  from  subjungo:  sub^  under, 
and  jungo^  to  join. 

SUBLEMATE,  or  SUBLIME,  v.  To  raise  by  the  force 
of  fire  ;  to  elevate. — See  the  adj.  SUBLIME. 

SUBLIME,  adj.  High  in  place;  high  in  excellence;  in- 
describably grand.  L.  sublimis.,  lofty. 

SUBLINGUAL,  adj.  Placed  under  the  tongue.  L.  suby 
under,  and  lingua.,  the  tongue. 

SUBLUNARY,  adj.  Terrestrial;  of  this  world.  L.  sub^ 
under,  and  luna^  the  moon. 

SUBMARINE,  adj.  Lying  or  acting  under  the  sea.  L. 
sub.)  under,  and  mare.,  the  sea. 

SUBMERGE,  v.  To  put  under  water.  L.  submergo: 
comp.  oi  nub.,  under,  and  mergo.,  to  sink. 

SUBMERSION,  s.  Act  of  submerging;  state  of  being 
submerged.  F.  submersion;  L.  sub?nersus,  p.  part,  of 
s7ibmergo.—See  SUBMERGE. 

SUBMISSION,  s.  Act  of  submitting.  L.  submissio: 
submissus^  p.  part,  oi  submitto. — See  SU^BMIF. 

SUBMIT,  v.  To  resign  ;  to  leave  to  discretion;  to  refer 
to  judgment;  to  be  subject;  to  acquiesce  in  the  au- 
thority of  another;  to  yield.  L.  submitlo;  comp.  of 
sub.)  under,  and  jnitto^  to  send,  or  throw. 

SUBORDINATE,  adj.  Inferior  in  order,  in  nature,  in 
dignity,  or  in  power.  L.  sub.,  under,  and  ordinatus-, 
p.  part,  of  ordino^  to  put  in  order:  ordo,  an  order,  or 
rule. 

SUBORN,  x).  To  procure  the  aid  or  favour  of,  bv  se- 
[25] 


SUB—SUB 

cret  and  dishonest  means;  to  seduce  from  duty.  L. 
suborno:  sub-,  under,  (meaning  secretly,}  and  orno^  to 
deck  or  furnish. 

SUBPCENA.  s.  A  writ  commanding  attendance,  under 
a  penalty.  L.  sub^  under,  ftana^  punishment.  - 

SUBSCRIBE,  -v.  To  write  under;  to  give  consent  to, 
or  promise  by  underwriting  the  name;  to  assent.  L. 
subscribo:  sub,  under,  and  scribo,  to  write. 

SUBSCRIPTION,  s.  Act  of  subscribing;  amount,  &c. 
subscribed;  written  contribution.  L.  subscnptio:  sub- 
scrifitus,  p.  part,  of  subscribo. — See  SUBSCRIBE. 

SUBSECTION,  s.  A  subdivision  of  a  larger  section. 
L.  sub,  under,  and  section. 

SUBSEQUENT,  adj.  Following.  L.  subseguens,  part. 
oi  subsequor;  comp.  of  sub,  under,  or  next  after,  and 
sequor,  to  follow. 

SUBSERVE,  -v.  To  serve  in  subordination;  to  serve 
instrumentally.  L.  subservio:  sub,  under,  and  servio, 
to  serve. 

SUBSIDE.  V.  To  sink;  to  fall  to  the  bottom;  to  cease. 
L.  subsido:  sub,  under,  and  sido,  to  perch,  or  settle; 
or  subsideo;  comp.  of  sub,  under,  and  sedeo,  to  sit. 

SUBSIDIARY,  a^y.  Assistant ;  aiding.  L.  subsidiarius. 
—See  SUBSIDY. 

SUBSIDY,  s.  Aid,  in  a  general,  national,  or  military 
way.  L.  subsidium:  from  subsidior,  to  be  ready  to 
help:  sub,  under,  and  sedeo,  to  sit. 

SUB  SILEJVTIO.  In  silence;  without  any  notifica- 
tion. L.  sub,  under,  silentio,  abl.  oi  silejitium,  silence. 

SUBSIST.  V.  To  be;  to  have  existence;  to  retain  the 
present  state  or  condition;  to  continue.  L  subsisto: 
from  sub,  under,  and  sisto,  to  stand  still,  or  stay. 

SUBSTANCE,  s.  Something  existing;  something  tan- 
gible; the  essential  part;  means  of  life.  L.  substantia: 
substans,  part,  of  sub&to,  to  stand  still :  sub,  under,  and 
sto,  to  stand. 

SUBSTANTIAL,  adj.  Having  substance;  real;  ac- 
tually existing;  material;  soiici;  f?im;  stvoiu?, ;  curable; 
moderately  wealthy. — See  SUBS'l  ANCE. 

SUBSTAxNTIATE.  v.  To  prove  rcni;  to  prove,  as  in 
giving  evidence. — See  SUBSTAx-J'.  E. 

SUBSTANl  IVE.  s.  A  noun;  the  name  of  a  person,  or 


SUB— SUB 

of  a  thing,  real  or  imaginary.  L.  substantivmn.^-^See 
SUBSTANCE. 

SUBSTITUTE,  s.  One  person  acting  in  the  place  of 
another;  any  thing  used  instead  of  some  other  thing. 
L.  stibstitutusy  p.  part,  of  substituoj  sub^  under,  and 
statuo^  to  set,  or  place. 

SUBSTRUCTURE,  s.  Foundation;  that  part  of  any 
building  which  is  under  the  surface  of  the  ground 
(opposed  to  superstructure.)  L.  sub^  under,  and  struc* 
ture. 

SUBTANGENT.  s.  In  any  curve,  is  the  line  which 
determines  the  intersection  of  the  tangent  in  the  axis 
prolonged.  L.  sub^  under,  and  tangens^  part,  of  tango^ 
to  touch. 

SUBTEND.  V.  To  be  extended  under.  L.  sub^  under, 
and  tendo^  to  stretch. 

SUBTENSE,  s.  That  which  is  extended  under;  the 
chord  of  an  arch.  L.  sub^  under,  and  tensiis,  p.  part, 
of  tendoy  to  stretch. 

SUBTERFLUENT,  or  SUBTERFLUOUS.tt^y.  Flow- 
ing under.  L.  subtei-Jluens^  part,  of  subterjiuo:  subter,, 
under,  andj?t/o,  to  flow. 

SUBTERFUGE,  s.  A  shift;  an  evasion;  a  trick.  F. 
subterfuge:  I^.  subter^  under,  and/w^zo,  to  run  away. 

SUBTERRANEOUS,  or  SUBTERRANEAN,  adj. 
Lying  under  (within,)  the  earth;  placed  under  the 
earth.  L.  subteri-aneus;  ivoui  sub,  under,  and  terra^ 
the  earth. 

SUBTILE,  or  SUBTLE,  adj.  Thin;  not  dense;  vapor- 
ous; nice;  fine;  piercing;  acute: — also,  cunning;  art- 
ful ;  refined  or  acute  beyond  necessity.  In  these 
senses,  it  is  generally  \wYix.icn  subtle,  L.  subtilis,  finely 
spun. 

SUBTRACT,  r.  To  withdraw  a  part  from  the  rest ;  to 
diminish;  to  deduct,  by  arithmetic,  a  less  sum  from  a 
greater,  and  place  the  remainder  underneath.  L.  sub- 
tractum,  sup.  of  subtraho:  sub,  under,  and  traho^  to 
dr  iw. 

SUBURB,  s.  Building  without  the  walls  of  a  city;  pre- 
cinct. L.  suburbiuim   sub,  under,  and  urbs,  a  city. 

SUBVERSION.  6'.  Act  of  subverting;  state  of  being 


SUB— SUF 

subverted.   F.  subversion;   L.  subversus^  p.  part,  of 

subverto.—SQQ  SUBVERT. 
SUBVERT.  V.  To  overthrow  ;   to  overturn ;   to  turn 

upside  down ;  to  corrupt ;  to  confourid.  L.  subverto; 

from  sub^  under,  (meaning  in  a  subordinate  degree,) 

and  -verto^  to  turn. 
SUCCEDANEUM.  s.  A  substitute.   L.  from  succedo, 

to  follow. 
SUCCEED.  V.  To  follow  in  order;   to  come  into  the 

place  of  one  who  has  quitted  or  died;  to  obtain  one's 

desire ;   to   terminate  prosperously,   &c.   L.  succedo; 

sub,  under,  or  next  after,  and  cedo,  to  depart, 
SUCCESS,  s.  The  termination  of  any  affair,  fortunate 

or  unfortunate,— but   often   used   in   a   happy   sense, 

without   any   qualifying  term.    L.  successus;  from  a 

part,  of  succedo.— 'See  SUCCEED. 
SUCCESSION,  s.  Act  of  succeeding;  regular  order; 

series.    L.  successio;  successus,    p.  part,  of  succedo, 

—See  SUCCEED. 
SUCCINCT,  adj.  Concise;  brief  L.  succinctus,  p.  part. 

Oi  succingo;  comp.  oi  sub,  under,  and  cingo,  to  gird. 
SUCCOUR.  V.  To  aid  ;  to  relieve.    L.  succurro;  sub, 

under,  and  curro,  to  run. 
SUCCULENT,  adj.  Juicy;  moist.  L.  succulentus:  sue- 

cus,  juice. 
SUCCUMB,  -v.  To  yield  ;  to  sink  under  any  difficulty. 

This  expression  is  inelegant.  L.  succumbo;  sub,  un- 
der, and  cuinbo,  to  lie. 
SUDATION.  s.  Sweat;  a  sweating.    L.  sudatio;  sudoy 

to  sweat. 
SUDATORY,  s.  A  sweating  chamber.  L.  sudatorius; 

from  sudo,  to  sweat. 
SUDORIFIC,  adj.  Promoting  sweat.  F.  sridorijique;  L. 

sudor,  sweat,  andyar/o,  to  make. 
SUFFER.  V.  To  bear;  to  undergo;  to  feel,  with  sense 

of  pain;  to  allow;  to  be  injured.  L.  suffero;  sub,  un- 
der, andyi^ro,  to  carry. 
SUFFICE.  V.  To  be  sufficient;  to  satisfy.  L.  sufficio; 

sub,  under,  or  hear  to,  and yhc/o,  to  make. 
SUFFICIENT,  adj.  Equal  to  the  proposed  end  ;  enough  ; 

competent.   L.  sufficiens,  part,  oi  sujfficio. — See  SUF- 
FICE. 


SUF— .SUM 

SUFFOCATE,  v.  To  choke,  or  prevent  respiration,  by 
the  exclasion  or  interception  of  air.  L.  suffoco;  from 
sub.,  under,  anciybcw*,  a  fire-iiearth,  or  a  fire. 

SUFFRAGAN,  adj.  A  suffragan  bishop  is  subject  to 
his  metropolitan  or  superior  bishop.  L.  suff'raganeus.. 
—See  SUFFRAGE. 

SUFFRAGE,  s.  Vote;  voice  given  in  a  controverted 
point.  F.  suffrage;  L.  suffragium;  from  suffero. — See 
SUFFER. 

SUFFUSED,  /lart.  adj.  Spread.  L.  suffusus^  p.  part, 
of  suffundo:  sub.,  under,  'dead,  f undo.,  to  pour  out. 

SUGGEST.  X'.  To  hint  privately;  to  intimate;  to  pro- 
pose. L.  suggestum^  sup.  of  suggeroj  comp.  of  sub^ 
under,  and  gero,  to  carry. 

SUICIDE,  s.  Self-murder.  L.  suicidium;  sui,  of  him- 
self or  herself,  and  ccsdes,  slaughter:  cadoj  to  kill. 

SUI  GE.YERIS.  Of  its  own  kind;  not  to  be  classed 
under  any  ordinary  description.  L.  gen.  of  suus,  and 
genus. 

SUrr.  s.  A  set;  a  number  of  things  corresponding  one 
to  another ;  a  petition  or  address  of  entreaty  ;  court- 
ship;  prosecution  or  action  at  law.  F.  suite;  suivre, 
to  follow. 

SUITABLE,  adj.  Fitting;  according  with ;  agreeable. 
—See  SUIT. 

SUITE.  6.  Series;  retinue;  (pronounced  sweet.) — See 
SUIT. 

SUM.  s.  The  whole;  many  particulars  conjoined,  so  as 
to  form  a  total ;  the  result  of  reasoning  or  computa- 
tion; quantity  of  money;  completion;  height.  L.  suin- 
ma;  sununiiSy  highest. 

SUMMARY,  adj.  Short;  brief;  last;  immediate;  com- 
pendious  L.  sunimarium.,  an  abridgment. — See  SUM. 

SUMMON,  -v.  To  call  with  authority;  to  admonish  to 
appear;  to  cite;  to  excite;  to  raise.  L.  summoneo; 
sub.,  under  [subject  to  a  penalty,]  and  moneo^  to  put 
in  mind,  or  warn. 

SUM  MUM  BOJK'UM.  The  chief  good.  L.  neuter  of 
su?7i')ius  and  bojius. 

SUMPTER.  s.  An  animal  which  carries  provisions  on 
a  journey.  L   sm«z/2?w*,  p.  part,  of  swmo,  to  take. 

SUMPTUARY,  adj.  Relating  to  expense;  regulating 
[25*] 


SUM— SUP 

expenditures;  promoting  economy.  L.  sujiijitiiariuss 
sumjitus^  expense:  from  sumo^  to  take  or  procure. 

SUMPTUOUS,  adj.  Costly;  expensive;  splendid.  L. 
sumjituosus;  stunjitus,  expense:  from  s« wo,  to  take 
or  procure. 

SUPER.  In  composition,  denotes  above,  over,  more 
than  another,  more  than  enough.    L. 

SUPERABLE.  adj.  Conquerable;  that  may  be  over- 
come. L.  superabilis;  aujier^  above. 

SUPERABUNDANCE,  s.  Overabundance;  more  than 
enough.  L.  super^  above,  and  abundance. 

SUPERADD.  1^.  To  add  over  and  above.  L.  sufier- 
addo:  super^  above,  and  addo,  to  add. 

SUPERANNUATED,  part.  adj.  Impaired  or  disquali- 
fied by  age.  L.  su/ier,  above  or  beyond,  and  annus,  a 
year. 

SUPERB,  adj.  Grand;  pompous;  splendid.  L.  super- 
bus;  from  super,  above. 

SUPERCARGO.  *.  A  person  sent  in  a  ship,  to  super- 
intend the  disposal  or  purchase  of  the  merchandise. 
L.  super,  over,  and  cargo. 

SUPERCILIOUS,  adj.  Haughty;  dogmatical;  dictato- 
rial ;  arbitrary ;  overbearing.  L.  sii/ierci/iosus,  of  a 
sour  countenance  ;  from  supercilium,  the  brow. 

SUPEREROGATION,  s.  Performance  of  more  than 
duty  reqviires.  L.  super,  beyond  or  above,  and  ero- 
gatio,  a  bestowing:  from  erogo;  comp.  of  e,  from,  and 
rogo,  to  ask. 

SUPERFICIAL,  adj.  Lying  on  the  surface;  not  reach- 
ing below  the  surface ;  shallow ;  not  profound  ;  insuf- 
ficient; smattering;  not  learned.  F.  superficiel. — See 
SUPERFICIES. 

SUPERFICIES,  s.  Outside;  surface.  L.  comp.  o{ super, 
above,  diii^  fades,  a  face. 

SUPERFINE,  adj.  Eminently  fine.  L.  super,  above,  and 
fine. 

SUPERFLUOUS,  adj.  Exuberant;  more  than  enough; 
unnecessary.  L.  superjiuus,  flowing  over:  super^ 
over,  and  Huo,  to  flow. 

SUPERINCUMBENT,  adj.  Lying  on  the  top.  L.  su- 
per, above,  and  incumbent. 

SUPERINDUCE,  v.  To  bring  in  as  an  addition;  to 


SUP—SUP 

bring  in  something  extrinsic.  L.  sujier^  over,  and  in- 
duce. 

SUPERINTEND,  x'.  To  oversee;  to  conduct.  L.  super ^ 
over,  and  intend. 

SUPERIOR,  adj.  Higher;  greater  in  dignity  or  excel- 
lence; upper;  (with  ifo,)  not  to  be  conquered  or  over- 
come by.    L.  compar.  oi  siijier.,  or  sufira^  above. 

SUPERLATIVE,  adj.  Implying  or  expressing  the 
highest  degree;  superior;  paramount.  L,.  su/ierlati- 
xnis;  superlatus^  p.  part,  oi  supei-fero;  super^  beyond, 
or  above,  andy<?7'0,  to  carry. 

SUPERNATANT,  adj.  Swimming  above;  floating.  L. 
supernatans^  part,  of  supernato ;  comp.  of  super^ 
above,  and  nato^  to  swim. 

SUPERNATURAL,  adj.  Above  the  powers  of  nature; 
unusual.    L.  super,  above,  and  natural. 

SUPERSEDE.  V.  To  m.ake  void  or  inefficacious  by  su- 
perior power;  to  set  aside;  to  displace.  L.  supersedeo: 
super,  over,  and  sedco,  to  sit. 

SUPERSTITION,  s.  Unnecessary  fear  or  scruples  in 
religion;  observance  of  unnecessary  and  uncommanded 
rites  or  practices;  false  religion  or  worship;  too  scru- 
pulous exactness.  L.  superstitio ;  super,  beyond  or 
above,  and  sto,  to  stand. 

SUPERSTRUCTURE,  s.  That  which  is  built  or  raised 
upon  something  else;  that  which  is  raised  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground :  (opposed  to  substructure.)  L. 
super,  above,  and  structure. 

SUPERVENE.  V.  To  come  as  an  extraneous  addition. 
L.  supervenio;  super,  above,  or  besides,  and  uenio,  to 
come. 

SUPERVENTION,  s.  Act  of  supervening.  L.  super- 
ventus,  p.  part,  oi  supervenio. — See  SUPERVENE. 

SUPERVISE.  V.  To  oversee;  to  examine  the  general 
conduct  or  accounts  of  others.  L.  super,  over,  and  vU 
sum,  sup.  oi -video,  to  see. 

SUPPLANT,  t;.  To  displace  by  stratagem;  to  over- 
come. L.  supplanto;  from  sub,  under,  diiid  pianta,  the 
foot. 

SUPPLE,  adj.  Pliant;  flexible;  flattering;  fawning.  L. 
supplex;  sub,  under,  and /«//co,  to  fold 

SUPPLEMENT,  s.  Addition  to  any  thing,  by  which 


SUP— SUR 

its  defects  are  supplied.  L.  sulifilementum;  sufijileo^ 
to  fill  up. 

SUPPLIANT,  adj.  Humbly  entreating;  praying;  sub- 
missive. F.  suji/iliant;  L.  sufifilicans^  part,  oi su/i/iiico, 
—See  SUPPLICATE. 

SUPPLICATE.  X'.  To  entreat;  to  implore;  to  petition 
submissively  and  humbly.  L.  sup/ilico,  to  beg  on  one's 
knees:  sub,  under,  and /2/ico,  to  fold  [the  hands.] 

SUPPLY.  V.  To  fill  up,  as  any  deficiencies  happen;  to 
give  something  wanted  ;  to  serve  instead  of;  to  bring; 
to  furnish.  L.  su/i/ileo;  sub,  under,  or  near  to,  and/^/co, 
to  fill. 

SUPPORT.  V.  To  sustain;  to  prop;  to  bear  up;  to  en- 
dure; to  aid;  to  defend;  to  supply  with  the  necessa- 
ries of  life.  L.  supfiorto;  sub,  under,  and  /lorto,  to 
carry,  or  bear. 

SUPPOSE.  V.  To  advance,  by  way  of  argument  or  il- 
lustration, without  maintaining  the  truth  of  the  posi- 
tion ;  to  admit  without  proof;  to  conjecture ;  to  imagine. 
F.  sup/ioser;  L.  su/ipositus,  p.  part,  oi  supjiono;  sub, 
under,  and /2ono,  to  place. 

SUPPOSITION,  s.  Act  of  supposing;  thing  supposed. 
F.  s7iP/iosItwn.—See  SUPPOSE. 

SUPPRESS,  V.  To  crush;  to  overpower;  to  subdue;  to 
conceal ;  to  withhold.  L.  suppressum,  sup.  of  sup- 
primo;  sub^  under,  and  premo,  to  press. 

SUPPURATE,  -v.  To  generate  pus  or  matter;  to  be  in 
a  state  of  discharging  matter.  L.  suppuro;  sub,  un- 
der, and /2W5,  (puris,)  corrupted  matter. 

SUPREMACY,  s.  Highest  place  ;  highest  authority  ; 
state  of  being  supreme See  SUPREME. 

SUPREME,  adj.  Highest  in  authority  or  dignity;  chief. 
L.  sf//ire7nus.,  superlative  oi  super,  or  supra,  above. 

SURCHARGE,  .v.  Additional  charge;  additional  quan- 
tity.   F.  sur,  (L.  super,')  over,  and  charge. 

SURCINGLE,  s.  Exterior  girth;  tliat  which  binds 
down  a  saddle,  by  passing  over  it  and  the  ordinary 
girths;  the  girdle  of  a  cassock.  F.  sur,  (L.  super,) 
over,  and   L.  cingula,  a  girth :  cingo,  to  gird. 

SURFACE.  8.  Superficies;  outside.  F.  sur^  (L.  super,) 
above,  and  face. 


SUR— SUR 

SURFEIT,  s.  SicVmess  or  satiety  caused  by  over  fulness 
or  repetition.  F.  from  sui;  over,  and /a/r,  past.  part, 
of  y'a/re,  to  do  :   L.  sufier^  and  yacio. 

SURGE,  s,  A  rough,  swelling  sea;  a  billow;  a  foaming 
wave   L.  surgo^  to  aa'ise. 

SURGEON.  *.  One  who  cures  by  manual  operation.  F. 
chirurgeo7i^  or  chirugien;  G.  cheir^  the  hand,  and  er- 
gon^ work. 

SURMISE.  X'.  To  suspect ;  to  imagine  imperfectly;  to 
conjecture.  F.  surmise;  sur,  over,  upon,  or  towards, 
(L.  sii/ier^)  and  L.  rnitto,  to  send,  or  put  forth. 

SURMOUNT.  V.  To  rise  above  ;  to  conquer  ;  to  over- 
come. F.  surmonter;  comp.  of  sur^  above,  and  mon- 
ter^  to  get  up,  or  rise:  L.  sufier,  above,  and  inotiSj  a 
mountain. 

SURNAME,  s.  Additional  name  ;  family  name ;  the 
name  which  a  person  has  besides  his  Christian  name. 
F.  5wr,  (L.  su/ier,)  over,  and  name. 

SURPLICE,  s.  The  outer,  or  white  gown,  worn  by 
some  ministers  of  religion,  during  a  part  of  the  church- 
service.  F.  surplis;  sur^  over,  B.nd  /ilisse?',  to  fold:  L. 
su/ier^  ?i.nd /ilico. 

SURPLUS,  s.  Supernumerary  or  extra  part;  supera- 
bundant remainder.  F.  sur,  over,  and/z/w*,  more:  L. 
super^  diud  /ilus. 

SURPRISE.  V.  To  take  unawares ;  to  attack  unex- 
pectedly; to  astonish  by  something  wonderful;  to  con- 
fuse or  perplex  by  something  sudden.  F.  surfiris^  p. 
part,  of  surjirendre;  L.  sujier^  over,  and  {irendo^  to 
take,  or  lay  hold  on. 

SURRENDER,  -v.  To  yield;  to  deliver  to  another;  to 
resign.  F".  sufrendre;  L.  sub,  under,  and  F.  rendre,  to 
return. 

SURREPTITIOUS,  adj.  Done  by  stealth;  obtained  or 
produced  fraudulently.  L.  surrejititius;  surre/io;  sub, 
under,  and  repo,  to  creep. 

SURROGATE.  .?.  A  deputy;  the  deputy  of  an  ecclesi- 
astical judge.  L.  surrogatus,  p.  part,  oi  surrogo;  sub, 
under,  and  rogo,  to  demand,  or  inquire. 

SURTOUT.  s.  A  large  coat  worn  over  all  the  rest.  F. 
comp.  of  «Mr,  over,  and  tout,  all. 

SURVEY.  V.  To  look  over;  to  view  as  from  a  higher 


SUR— SYL 

place;  to  examine;  to  measure  the  contents,  and  as- 
certain the  rehitive  position  of  lands,  Sec     Old  F.  sur- 
■veoir;  sur^  (L.  aiipcr^)  over,  and  voir^  to  see. 
SURVIVE.  V.  To  outlive,  or  live  after  the  death  of  an- 
other; to  live  after  any  thing.    F.  survivre;  L.  sufier^ 
beyond,  and  vivo^  to  bve. 
SUSCEPTIBLE,  adj.  Capable  of  receiving  or  admit- 
ting; subject  to  receive  or  admit.  F.  suscefitible;  L. 
suscefitus^  p.  part,  oi suscifiio;  comp.  oiaub,  under,and 
cafiio,,  to  take. 
SUSCITA'lE.  V.  To  rouse;  to  excite.    L.  suscitOy  to 

awake  :  from  sw6,  under,  and  cito^  to  call. 
SUSPECT.  V.  To  imagine,  with  a  degree  of  fear  and 
jealousy,  what  is  not  known;  to  suppose  guilty  with- 
out proof;  to   conjecture;    to  doubt.    L.    suspectum^ 
sup.  of  snsfiicio;  fiub^  under,  and  specio,  to  behold. 
SUSPEND.  V.  To  hang ;  to  make  to  stop  for  a  while  ; 
to  delay  ;  to  debar  for  a  time  from  the  execution  of  an 
office  or  the  enjoyment  of  a  revenue.  L.  suspendo; 
sub,  under,  and  pendeo,  to  hang  up. 
SUSPENSE,  s.  Uncertainty;  doubt;  delay.  F.  suspens; 
L.  suspensus,  p.  part,  oi  suspendo. — See  SUSPEND. 
SUSPENSION.  8.  Act  of  suspending.    L.  suspensio: 

suspeiisus,  p.  part,  oi  suspendo. — See  SUSPEND. 
SUSPICION.  8.  Act  of  suspecting;  state  of  being  sus- 
pected. L.  suspicio. — See  SUSPECT. 
SUSTAIN.  T'.  To  bear;  to  prop;  to  support;  to  endure; 
to  suffer  without  yielding.  L.  sustineo;  sub,  under,  and 
teneo,  to  hold  fast. 
SUSTENANCE,  s.  Support;  maintenance;  food.    F. 

soustenance;   L.  sustinens,  part,  of  sustineo. See 

SUSTAIN. 
SYCOPHANT,  s.  A  deceitful  parasite ;  a  designing 
flatterer;  a  mean,  insinuating  fellow.  L.  sycophanta; 
G.  sukophantes;  suke,  a  fig,  and /2//«o,  to  tell.  *'  By 
a  law  of  Solon,"  says  Plutarch,  "  no  production  of 
the  Altican  lands,  except  oil,  was  allowed  to  be  sold 
to  strangers, — and,  therefore,  it  is  not  improbable,  what 
some  affii-m,  that  the  exportation  of>^.v  was  formei  ly 
foriiind.n,  and  that  the  informer  against  the  delin- 
qu'ii'S  Alls  called  a  sycophant.'' 
SYLLABLE,  s.  A  sound,  pronounced  by  a  single  ira- 


SYL— .SYN 

pulse  of  the  voice,  and  constituting  a  word,  or  part  of 
a  word.  L.  syllaba;  G.  sullabe:  nuUambano^  to  con- 
tain, sun^  with,  and  lambano.,  to  take. 

SYLLABUS.  5.  An  abstract ;  a  compendium,  contain- 
ing the  heads  of  a  discourse.  G.  sullabos:  suUani' 
bano^  to  contain:  swn,  with,  and  lambano^  to  take. 

SYLLOGISM,  s.  An  argument  composed  of  three 
propositions :  as;  every  man  thinks;  Henry  is  a  man; 
therefore^  Henry  thinks.  L.  syllogismus;  G.  sullogis- 
mos;  sun^  with,  and  logos^  reason. 

SYLVAN,  or  SILVAN,  adj.  Woody;  shady;  relating 
or  pertaining  to  woods.    L.  sylva^  or  silva^  a  wood. 

SYMBOL.  8.  A  comprehensive  form;  a  type;  a  figura- 
tive representation;  a  sign.  L.  symbolum;  G.  sumbo' 
Ion;  from  suniballo,,  to  bring  together:  sun^  with,  and 
ballo^  to  throw. 

SYMMETRY,  s.  Harmony  of  parts;  proportion.  L. 
symmetria;   G.  sun^  with,  and  metron,  measure. 

SYMPATHEIIC.  adj.  Having  mutual  sensation;  feel- 
ing in  consequence  of  what  another  feels  ;  producing 
an  effect  by  having  some  relative  quality.  F.  symJiU' 
thetique.—'6eQ  SYMPATHY. 

SYMPATHY,  s.  Mutual  sensibility;  fellow  feeling; 
the  quality  of  being  affected  by  the  affection  of  an- 
other. F.  symjiathie;  G.  sum/iatheia;  sun,  with,  and 
pathos,  affection:  /lascho,  to  suffer. 

SYMPHONY,  s.  Harmony  of  sound;  that  part  of  a 
tune,  composed  in  the  same  style,  which  is  sung  or 
played  before  or  after  the  main  part,  or  in  the  mLer- 
vals.  L.  sympho72iu;  G.  sun,  with,  and  /iho7ie,  a  sound. 

SYMPHYSIS,  s.  Act  of  growing  together;  union  of 
two  bones ;  a  mode  of  membral  articulation,  in  which 
there  is  no  motion.    G.  sun,  with,  and  fihuo,  to  grow. 

SYMPTOM.  *.  That  which  happens  with  something 
else;  a  sign.  F.  symptone;  G.  sumptoma:  comp.  of 
sun,  with,  and  pipto,  to  fall. 

SYNAGOGUE,  s.  A  religious  assembly  of  Jews;  a 
Jewish  place  of  worship.  F.  syyugogue;  G.  sunagoge; 
sun.  with,  and  ago,  to  bring. 

SYNAi^EPHA.  s.  A  coniraciion  or  excibicn  of  a  sylla- 
ble in  scanning  Latin  verse :  as,  ilTei,  iov  ille  et.  G. 
sunaloiphe;  sun^  with,  and  aleiphoy  to  mix. 


SYN— -SYR 

SYNARTHROSIS,  s.  A  close  conjunction  of  two  bones. 
G.  sun,  with,  and  arthro-o,  to  form. 

SYNCHONDROSIS,  s.  A  union,  by  gristles,  of  the 
sternon  to  the  ribs.  G.  sun,  with,  and  choridros,  a  car- 
tilage. 

SYNCHRONIC,  or  SYNCHRONICAL.  adj.  Hap- 
pening at  the  same  time.  G.  sun,  with,  and  chronos, 
tmie. 

SYNCOPE',  s.  Fainting  fit ;  contraction  of  a  word,  by 
cutting  off  a  part  in  the  middle.  F.  syncojiie;  G.  suji- 
kope;  sun,  with,  and  kofito,  to  cut. 

SYNDIC,  s.  The  chief  magistrate  of  a  corporation  or 
a  community.  G.  sundikos;  sun,  with,  and  dike,  jus- 
tice. 

SYNECDOCHE,  s.  A  figure,  by  which  a  part  is  sub- 
stituted for  the  whole,  or  the  whole  for  a  part.  G. 
sunekdokS;  comp.  oi  sun,  with,  ek,  out  of,  and  decho- 
niaiy  to  take. 

SYNOD,  s.  An  assembly,  particularly  of  ecclesiastics. 
L.  synodus;  G.  sunodos:  sun,  with,  and  odos,  a  way. 

SYNONYMOUS,  adj.  Expressing  the  same  thing  ;  of 
the  same  meaning.  G.  sunonumos;  sun,  with,  and 
onuma,  or  onoma,  a  name. 

SYNOPSIS.  *.  A  general  view;  all  the  parts  brought 
under  one  view.  G.  sunofisis;  sun,  with,  and  ofis,  a 
view. 

SYNTHESIS,  s.  The  act  of  joining;  the  act  of  forming 
a  compound  body  ])y  the  union  of  elements  :  opposed 
to  analysis.  G.  sunthesis :  sun,  with,  s.nd  tit/ie?ni,  to 
put. 

SYNTHETIC,  adj.  Conjoining;  compounding:  op- 
posed to  analytic.  G.  sunthetikos. — See  SYNTHE- 
SIS. 

SYRINGE,  s.  An  instrument  for  squirting  liquids.  G. 
suringx,  (fistula,)  a  pipe. 

SYRINGOTOMY.  s.  The  act  or  practice  of  cutting 
fistulas  or  hollow  sores.  G.  suiHngx-,  (fistula,)  a  pipe, 
and  temno,  to  cut. 

SYRTIS.  *.  A  quick-sand,  or  shelf  of  sand,  caused  by 
the  motion  of  a  whirlpool ;  a  bog.  L.  syrtis;  G.  surtis, 
a  whirlpool :  from  suro^  to  draw. 


SYS— TAI 

SYSTEM,  s.  Combination  of  many  things  acting  to- 
gether; a  scheme  which  reduces  many  things  to  re- 
gular dependence  or  co-operation ;  organization ; 
scheme;  mode.  F.  systemej  G.  susietna:  sun,  with, 
and  istemi,  to  put. 

SYSTOLE,  s.  In  anatomy,  the  contraction  of  the 
heart ;  in  grammar,  the  shortening  of  a  long  syllable. 
F.  systole;  G.  sustole:  su?i,  with,  and  stcllo,  to  draw 
together. 

SYSTYLE.  s.  A  building,  in  which  the  pillars  stand 
near  together.  G.  sun,  with,  and  stulos,  a  pillar. 


T. 

TABERNACLE,  s.  A  temporary  habitation;  a  sacred 
place;  a  place  of  worship.  L.  tabernaculum,  a  little 
house  made  of  boards;  from  tabula^  a  board. 

TABID,  adj.  Wasted  by  disease;  consumptive.  L.  ra- 
bidus:  tabeo,  to  consume. 

TABLE,  s.  Any  flat  or  level  surface;  a  flat  board, 
stone.  Sec.  used  for  meals  and  other  purposes;  a  ta- 
blet; a  surface  on  which  any  thing  is  written  or  en- 
graved; an  index;  a  catalogue;  a  synopsis.  Sec.  F.  ta- 
ble; L.  tabula.,  a  board  or  table. 

TABLE  D'HOTE.  A  public  table;  table  of  an  inn. 
F.  table^  a  table,  rfe,  of,  hote,  an  innkeeper. 

TABULAR,  adj.  Delineated  or  described  in  the  form 
of  tables  or  a  synopsis.    L.  tabularis. — See  TABLE. 

TABULATED.  Gf/;.  Tabular;  having  flat  surfaces. — See 
TABLE. 

TACIT,  adj.  Silent;  implied;  not  expressed  by  words. 
L.  tacitus;  from  taceo.,  to  be  silent. 

TACITURNITY,  s.  Habitual  silence.  L.  taciturjiitas. 
—See  TACIT. 

TACTICS,  s.  The  science  or  art  of  arrang-ing  armies 
and  fleets  for  battle.  G.  taktike:  tasso.,  to  put  \\\  order. 

TJEDIUM  VITM.     Weariness  of  life.  L. 

TAILOR,  s.  One  whose  business  is  to  make  clothes. 
F.  tailleur:  talller^  to  cut. 

TAINT.  V.  To  stain  or  sully  [the  reputation;]  to  in- 
4"ect;  to  corrupt ;  to  putrefy.  F.  teindre,  to  dye. 
[26] 


TAL— TEC 

TALENT,  s.  A  talent  anciently  signified  a  certain 
weight,  or  a  sum  of  money;  the  value  diifering,  in 
different  ages  and  countries.  By  a  metaphor,  taken 
from  the  talents  mentioned  in  the  New  Testament, 
the  term  is  used  to  express  faculty,  power,  or  gift  of 
nature.  L.  talentum. 

TALLY,  s.  A  stick,  notched  in  conformity  with  an- 
other stick,  with  the  units  of  an  account;  a  single 
notch  or  mark  of  any  sort,  to  represent  one.  F.  taille: 
from  tailler^  to  cut. 

TALLY.  ~o.  To  fit;  to  be  suitable;  to  conform;  to  mark 
one. — From  the  substantive. 

TANGENT,  s.  A  right  line,  perpendicularly  raised  on 
the  extremity  of  a  radius,  and  touching  a  circle,  so  as 
not  to  cut  it.  F.  tangent;  L.  tangens^  part,  of  tango^ 
to  touch. 

TANGIBLE,  adj.  Perceptible  by  the  touch;  possible 
to  be  realized,  so  as  to  be  made  a  subject  of  inquiry. 
L.  tango^  to  touch. 

TANGLE,  t;.— See  ENTANGLE. 

TANTALIZE,  -u.  To  torment  by  the  show  of  pleasure, 
which  cannot  be  reached.  Derived  from  Tantalus^  a 
liing  of  Lydia;  who  is  represented,  by  the  poets,  as 
punished  in  hell  by  an  insatiable  thirst,  and  placed  up 
to  his  chin  in  a  pool  of  water,  which  flows  away  as 
soon  as  he  attempts  to  taste  it. 

TANTAMOUNT,  adj.  Equivalent.  F.  tantamount: 
tant,  as  much  as,  and  monter^  to  mount,  or  go  up. 

TAPIS.  8.  "  On  the  tafiis^^' — on  the  carpet;  having  be- 
come the  subject  of  debate.  F. 

TARDY,  adj.  Slow;  sluggish.  L.  tardus:  from  tardo^ 
to  stop. 

TARTAREAN,  adj.  Hellish.  L.  tartarus:  G.  tarta- 
ros:  from  tarasso,  to  trouble. 

TAURUS,  s.  A  sign  of  the  zodiac.  L.  taurus,  a  bull. 

TAUTOLOGY,  s.  Repetition  of  the  same  words,  or 
of  the  same  sense,  in  diff*erent  words.  G.  tautologia; 
tauto,  the  sam.e,  and  logos,  a  word. 

TAVERN,  s.  An  inn,  or,  rather,  a  house  in  which  re- 
freshments are  sold.  F.  taverne;  L.  taberna,  a  small 
house  made  of  boards:  tabula,  a  board. 

TECHNICAL,  adj.  Belonging  to  arts  j  pertaining  to 


TEC— TEM 

some  mechanical  or  professional  business,  and  there- 
fore not  commonly  understood.  G.  technikos:  from 
techne^  an  art. 

TECHNOLOGY,  s.  A  description  of  arts;  a  treatise 
on  mechanics.  G.  techne^  art,  and  logos,  a  wovd,  or 
description. 

TECTONIC,  adj.  Pertaining  to  building.  G.  tektoni- 
kos:  tekton,  a  builder. 

TE  DEUM.  s.  A  hymn,  so  called  because  it  begins 
with  the  words,  Te  Deum  laudannis,  we  praise  thee, 
God: — tu  Deus  laudo. 

TEDIOUS,  adj.  Wearisome  by  continuance,  or  by  rea- 
son of  prolixity;  slow.  L.  tadiuin,  weariness. 

TEGUMENT.  .9.  In  anatomy,  a  cover;  the  outward 
part.    L.  tcgurne7itum;  tego,  to  cover. 

TELEGRAPH.  6'.  An  instrument  which  answers  the 
purpose  of  writing,  by  conveying  intelligence  to  a  dis- 
tance, by  means  of  signals.  G.  telos,  the  extremity, 
and  grafiho,  to  write. 

TELESCOPE,  s.  An  optical  tube  for  viewing  distant 
objects.  G.  telos,  the  extremity,  and  skofieo,  to  view. 

TEMERITY,  s.  Rashness;  unreasonable  contempt  of 
danger.  L.  temeritas:  froin  temno,  to  despise. 

TEMPER.  i\  To  mix,  so  as  that  one  part  qualifies  the 
other;  to  bring  to  due  proportion;  to  moderate;  to 
form  metals  to  a  proper  degree  of  hardness.  L.  tem- 
jiero:  from  temfiore,  abl.  of  temjius,  time,  a  conveni- 
ence, suitableness  to  the  time  present.  Sec. 

TEMPER.  s.Due  mixture  of  different  or  contrary 
qualities;  constitution  of  body;  disposition  of  mind; 
frame  of  mind;  moderation;  state  to  which  metals  are 
reduced,  particularly  as  to  hardness. — See  the  verb. 

TEMPERATE,  adj.  Not  excessive;  moderate.  L.  tern- 
peratus^  part,  of  ttmpero. — See  TEMPER. 

TEMPEST,  s.  Extreme  violence  of  wind ;  an  exces- 
sively destructive  storm;  tumult;  perturbation.  L. 
teinjiestas^  time,  season,  weather,  boisterous  weather ; 
from  temfius,  time. 

TEMPORAL,  adj.  Measured  by  time  ;  not  eternal;  se- 
cular;  not  ecclesiastical;  worldly;  not  spiritual.  L. 
tevijioralia:  temfioris,  gen.  Q>i  temjius,  time. 

TEMPORARY,    adj.  Lasting   or   continuing   only    a 


TEM— TEN 

limited  time:  opposed  to  permanent.  L.  temporariun ; 
temfioris,  gen.  of  temfius^  time. 

TEMPT,  -v.  To  incite,  by  presenting  some  pleasure  or 
advantage;  to  entice;  to  provoke.  L.  tento^  to  try. 

TENABLE,  adj.  Such  as  may  be  held  against  attacks; 
such  as  may  be  maintained  against  opposition.  F.  ttna- 
ble:  L.  teneo^  to  hold  fast. 

TENACIOUS,  adj.  Adhesive;  inclined  to  hold  fast; 
retentive;  obstinate.    L.  tenax:  teneo.^  to  hold  fast. 

TENACITY.  5.  Adhesiveness;  glutinosity ;  reten- 
tiveness  ;  obstinacy.  F.  tenacite;  L.  tenacitas:  teneo, 
to  hold. 

TENANCY,  s.  Possession  as  a  tenant.— See  TENANT. 

TENANT.  5.  One  that  holds  by  the  authority  of  an- 
other; one  that  has  temporary  possession  of  lands,  Sec. 
under  a  landlord.  F.  tenant:  L.  tenens^  part,  of  teneo, 
to  hold. 

TEND.  V.  To  move  towards;  to  be  directed  to  any  end 
or  purpose;  to  contribute;  to  nurse  or  guard.  L.  ten- 
do.,  to  stretch  out. 

TENDENCE,  or  TENDENCY,  s.  Motion  or  direction 
towards;  inclination  towards.  L.  tendens^  part,  oi  ten- 
do.^See  TEND. 

TENDER,  adj.  Soft;  easily  impressed  or  injured;  deli- 
cate ;  sensitive ;  compassionate ;  gentle.  F.  te?idre: 
L.  tendo,  to  stretch  out,  spread,  or  bend. 

TENDER,  -v.  To  offer;  to  propose  for  acceptance,  s. 
an  offer  or  proposal.  F.  tendre:  L.  tendo^  to  stretch 
out. 

TENDINOUS,  adj.  Sinewy;  containing  tendons.  L. 
tendinis. -^^eQ  TENDON. 

TENDON,  s.  A  sinew;  a  ligature,  by  which  the  joints 
are  stretched  out  or  contracted.  F.  tendon:  L,  tetidoy 
to  stretch  out. 

TENDRIL,  s.  The  clasp  of  a  vine  or  other  climbing 
plant.  F.  tendrillon:  L.  tcndo.,  to  stretch  out. 

TENEBROUS,  adj.  Dark  ;  gloomy.  L.  tenebrosus: 
tenebrcs.)  darkness. 

TENEMENT,  s.  Any  thing  held  by  a  tenant.  F.  tene- 
ment: L.  tenementum:  teneo^  to  hold. 

TENET,  s.  Principle;  position.  L.  teiieo^  to  hold. 


TEN— TER 

TENON,  s.  The  end  of  a  piece  of  timber,  cut  so  as  to 
be  fitted  into  another  piece.  F.  tenon:  L.  tcjieo^  to 
hold. 

TENOR,  or  TENOUR.  .9.  Continuity  of  state  ;  con> 
stant  mode;  general  currency;  meaning;  design;  also, 
a  term  in  music.  L.  tenor:  from  teneo^  to  hold. 

TENSE,  adj.  Stretched ;  tight.  L.  tensua^  p.  part,  of 
tendo^  to  stretch  out. 

TENSE,  s.  In  grammar,  a  variation  of  the  verb,  to  sig- 
nify time.  F.  temjis;  L.  temjius^  time. 

TENSILE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  stretched  or  extended. 
L.  tensilis. — See  TENSE. 

TENSION,  s.  Act  of  stretching  or  extending;  state  of 
being  stretched  or  extended.  F.  tension, — See  TENSE. 

TENT.  s.  A  moveable  lodging-place  or  cabin,  com- 
monly made  by  stretching  canvass  over  poles.  F. 
tente;  L.  tentorium.;  from  tendo^  to  stretch. 

TENTER.  8.  A  hook  on  which  things  are  stretched.  L, 
tentus^  p.  part,  of  tendo^  to  stretch. 

TENUITY,  s.  Thinness;  smallness.  F.  tenuite;  L.  te- 
nuitas:  tenuis,  slender:  from  teneo,  to  hold;  that  is, 
to  hold  easily. 

TENUOUS,  adj.  Thin;  small.  L.  tenuis;  from  teneo,  to 
hold  ;  that  is,  to  hold  easily. 

TENURE,  s.  The  conditions  on  which  tenements  arc 
held,  in  relation  to  the  service  to  be  rendered,  extent 
of  the  lease,  amount  of  rent,  mode  of  payment,  he; 
period  or  conditions  of  holding  things  in  general.  F. 
tenure:  L.  teneo,  to  hold. 

TEPEFACTION.  s.  The  act  of  moderately  warming. 
L.  tepefactus,  p.  part,  of  tefiefacio:  teftidus,  (from 
tepeo^  moderately  warm,  and ybczo,  to  make. 

TEPID,  adj.  Moderately  warm:  L.  tefiidus;  from  tefieo^ 
to  be  moderately  w^arm. 

TERGIVERSATION,  s.  Subterfuge  or  evasion;  change; 
fickleness.  L.  tcrgiversatio;  tergum.,  the  back,  and  ver- 
so., (from  verto.,)  to  turn  often. 

TERM.  s.  Limit ;  appellation ;  condition,  stipulation ; 
period ;  time  of  being  assembled  for  the  transaction 
of  business.  L.  terminus,  a  boundary. 

TERMINATE,  -v.  To  limit;  to  end;  to  stop.  L.  termi- 
noy  to  set  bounds. 
[26»] 


TER— TES 

TERNARY,  adj.  Proceeding  by  threes;  consisting  ol 
three.   L.  ternarius:  from  te7',  thrice. 

TERRACE,  s.  A  small  mount  of  earth  covered  with 
grass;  a  balcony;  an  open  gallery.  F.  terrace:  L.  ter- 
ra^ earth. 

TERRAQUEOUS,  adj.  Composed  of  land  and  water. 
L.  terra<f  land,  and  agua,  water. 

TERRENE,  adj.  Earthly;  terrestrial.  L.  terrenus:  terra, 
the  earth. 

TERRESTRIAL,  adj.  Earthly ;  not  celestial.  L.  ter- 
restris:  terra,  the  earth. 

TERRIER,  s.  A  dog  that  follows  his  game  under 
ground.    F.  terrier:  L.  terra,  earth. 

TERRIFIC,  adj.  Dreadful ;  causing  terror.  L.  terrijl- 
cus:  terror,  terror,  and  yaczo,  to  make. 

TERRITORY,  s.  Land;  dominion;  district.  L.  territo- 
rium:  terra,  land. 

TERROR,  s.  Fear;  dread.  L.  terror:  terreo,  to  af- 
fright. 

TERSE.  c(^y.  Neat;  elegant,  without  pompousness.  F. 
ters;  L.  tersus,  p.  part,  of  tergeo,  to  make  clean. 

TERTIAN,  adj.  A  tertian  fever  intermits  every  third 
day..  L.  tert'iana:   tertius,  the  third  :  tres,  three. 

TESSELATED.  adj.  Variegated  by  squares.  L.  tes- 
sella,  a  small  square  stone,  or  piece  of  wood,  kc.  G. 
tcssara,  four;  (a  square  has  four  sides.) 

TEST.  *.  Proof;  trial,  or  examination.  F.  test:  L.  testis, 
a  witness. 

TESTACEOUS,  adj.  Consisting  of  shells;  composed 
of  shells ;  having  continuous,  not  jointed  shells.  L. 
testaceus:  testa,  a  shell-fish. 

TESTAMENT,  s.  Evidence  of  a  will,  or  intention  as 
to  the  disposal  of  property  after  death  ;  evidence  of 
Divine  revelation  and  commandments,  contained  in 
the  sacred  volumes,  called  the  New  and  Old  Testa- 
ments. F.  testament;  L.  testamentum:  testis,  a  wit- 
ness, and  mentis,  (gen.  of  mens,)  of  the  intention. 

TESTAMENTARY,  adj.  Given  by  testament  or  will; 
contained  in  a  will.— -See  TESTAMENT. 

TESTATE,  adj.  Having  made  a  will.  L.  testatus,  part, 
of  tester^  to  bear  -witness:  from  testisy  a  witness. 


TES— TEX 

TESTATOR,  s.  One  who  makes  a  will.  L.  from  testis, 

a  witnesb. 
TESTIFY.  V.  To  witness;  to  give  evidence.  F.  testi' 

jier;  L.  testijicor:  comp.  of  testis^  a  witness,  and /acio, 

to  make. 
TESTIMONY,  s.  Evidence   given;   proof  by  witness. 

L.  testimonium:  testis^  a  witness,  and  moneo^  to  put 

in  mind. 
TESTUDINOUS.  adj.  Resembling  the  shell  of  a  tor- 
toise. L.  testudi7ieus;  from  testudo^  a  tortoise. 
TETANUS,  s.  A   contraction;   a  kmd   of  stiffness  or 

rigidity  in  any  part  of  the  body.  G.  tetanos:   teino,  to 

stretch. 
TETE  A   TETE.     "Head  to  head;"  a  familiar  dis- 
course.  F. 
TETRAGONAL,  adj.  Square;  consisting  of  four  sides 

and  angles.    G.  tetra,  four,  and  gonia.,  a  corner. 
TETRAMETER,  adj.  Consisting  of  four  poetical  mea- 
sures.    G.    tetrametros :  tctra^   four,   and    metreo,  to 

measure. 
TETRANDRIA.  s.  A  genus  of  plants  with  hermaphro- 
dite flowers  and  four  male  stamina.  G.  tetra^  four,  and 

aner.)  a  male. 
TETRAPETALOUS.  adj.  Having  four  leaves  around 

the  style.   G,  tetra^  four,  and  petalon.,  a  leaf. 
TETRAPLA.  s.  A  bible  in  four  columns,  by  Origen, 

each  column  containing  a  different  Greek  version.  G. 

tetraploos.)  fourfold. 
TETRAPTOTE.  s.  A  noun  with  only  four  cases.    G. 

tetra.,  four,  and/?rosz5,  a  case. 
TETRARCH.  adj.  One  who  governed  the  fourth  part 

of  a   Roman   province.    L.  tetrarcha;  G.  tetrarches: 

tetra.,  four,  and  arclios^  a  chief. 
TETRASTIC.  s.  An  epigram  or  stanza  of  four  verses. 

G.  tetrastichos:  tetra.,  four,  and  stichos,  a  verse. 
TETRASTYLE.  s.  A  building  with  four  cokimns  in 

front;  a  building  with  four  pillars  on  a  side.  G.  tetra, 

four,  and  stulos,  a  pillar. 
TEXT.   s.   That  on  which   a  comment  is  written  or 

spoken;  a  sentence  of  scripture.  F.  texte;  L.  textus, 

p.  part,  of  texo,  to  weave,  or  build. 


TEX— THO 

TEXTILE,  adj.  Woven;  capable  of  being  woven.  L, 
textilis;  textus^  p.  part,  of  texo^  to  weave. 

TEXTURE,  5.  Something-  woven;  manner  of  weaving; 
combination  of  parts.  L.  textura:  textus^  p.  part,  of 
texo^  to  weave. 

THEATRE,  6-.  A  place  of  exhibition;  a  playhouse.  F. 
theatre;  L.  theatruirii  G.  theatron:  from  theama^  to 
behold. 

THEIST.  s.  One  who  believes  in  God.  G.  Theoft^  God. 

THEME,  s.  A  subject  on  which   a  person  speaks  or 
.  writes;  a  short  scholastic  dissertation  ;  the  radical,  or 
original  word  from  which  another  is  derived.  G.  the- 
ma;  from  theo^  (pono^)  to  place  or  lay  down. 

THEOCRACY,  s.  Government  immediately  superin- 
tended by  God.  F.  theocratie;  G.  Theos,  God,  and 
krateo^  to  govern. 

THEOGONY.  s.  Fabulous  generation  of  the  gods.  G. 
theogonia:  theos^  a  god,  and  gone,  offspring. 

THEOLOGY,  s.  The  science  of  divinity.  G.  theologia; 
Theos,  God,  and  logos,  a  description. 

THEOREM.  5.  A  position  laid  down  as  an  acknow- 
ledged truth.  G.  theorema:  theo,  (fiono,)  to  place,  or 
lay  down. 

THEORETIC,  or  THEORETICAL,  adj.  Speculative; 
depending  on  theory  or  speculation;  not  practical.  G 
theoretikos.'—'^^Q  THEORY. 

THEORY.  5.  Speculation;  knowledge  obtained  by  look- 
ing on,  or  from  books,  not  from  practice;  scheme  or 
plan.  G.  theorem;  from  theoros,  a  spectator. 

THERAPEUTIC,  adj.  Teaching  the  cure  of  diseases. 
G.  therajieutikos;  therafieiio,  to  heal. 

THERMOMETER,  s.  An  instrument  for  measuring 
degrees  of  heat.  G.  therme,  heat,  and  metrco,  to  mea- 
sure. 

THESIS,  s.  A  position  ;  something  laid  down,  either 
affirmatively  or  negatively.  Q.  thesis:  tithemi,  (fiono,) 
to  place,  or  lay  down. 

THORACIC,  adj.  Belonging  to  the  breast.  L.  thoracis, 
gen.  of  thorax,  the  inner  part  of  the  breast.  G.  thorax. 

THORAL.  adj.  Relating  to  a  bed.  L.  thorus  or  toros, 
twisted  grass  or  straw,  on  which  the  ancients  laid 


THR— .TOP 

their  bed-furniture  for  the  convenience  of  sleeping.  G. 
tor  OS,  a  rope. 

THRONE.  5.  A  royal  seat;  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  L. 
thronus;  G.  thronos:  from  threw,  to  sit. 

TIMID,  adj.  Fearful;  timorous;  wanting  courage.  L. 
timidus:  timeo,  to  fear. 

TIMOROUS,  adj.  Fearful;  timid.  L.  timor,  fear. 

TINCTURE,  s.  Portion  of  extrinsic  quality;  extract  of 
some  drug,  made  in  spirits.  L.  tinctura;  tinctus,  p, 
part,  of  tingo,  to  dye. 

TINGE.  V.  To  impregnate  or  affect  with  some  extrinsic 
colour  or  quality.    L.  tingo,  to  dye. 

TINT.  s.  A  dye;  a  colour.  F.  teinte:  L.  tinctus,  p.  part, 
of  tingo,  to  dye. 

TITLE.  s\  A  general  head,  comprising  particulars;  an 
appellation  of  honour;  a  name;  a  claim  of  right.  L. 
titulus. 

TITULAR,  adj.  Nominal ;  having  or  conferring  only 
the  Litle.  F.  titidaire, — See  TITLE. 

TOAST,  s.  Bread,  scorched  before  afire,  and  generally 
eaten  with  butter,  but  sometimes  sopped  or  immersed 
in  a  liquor  for  drinking;  a  celebrated  woman,  whose 
health  is  often  drank;  any  person  or  sentiment  ex- 
pressed before  drinking.  L.  tostus,  p.  part,  of  torreo^ 
to  roast,  or  scorch. 

TOGA  VIRILIS.  "The  manly  robe;"  the  dress  as- 
sumed by  the  Roman  youth,  on  reaching  a  certain  pe- 
riod of  life.  L.  toga,  a  gown,  or  robe,  andi^zr/Z/s,  (from 
vir,)  manly. 

TOMB.  s.  A  sepulchral  monument,  or  grave.  F.  tombe: 
L.  tumulus,  a  little  hill ;  from  tumeo,  to  swell. 

TOMETICxA..  s.  Medicines  for  opening  the  pores,  and 
dispersing  viscous  humours.   G.  temno,  to  cut. 

TONSOR.  s.  A  barber.  L.  tonsor:  tonsus,  p.  part,  of 
tondeo,  to  clip. 

TONSURE,  s.  The  act  of  clipping  or  shaving  the 
hair;  the  part  shaven.  F.  tonsure;  L.  tonsura:  toiisus, 
p.  part,  of  tondeo,  to  clip. 

TOPARCH.  s.  The  chief  man  of  a  place;  a  lord  or 
governor  of  a  small  country.  G.  tofios,  a  place,  and 
archos,  a  chief. 

TOPIC.  *.  Subject  of  discourse ;   a  general  head,  to 


TOP— TOU 

which  other  things  are  referred ;  an  external  remedy, 
applied  to  some  particular  part.  F.  tofiique;  G.  tojios.^ 
a  place. 

TOPICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  some  general  head;  local; 
confined  to  some  particular  place;  applied,  as  a  re- 
medy, to  some  particular  part. — See  TOPIC. 

TOPOGRAPHY,  s.  Description  of  particular  places. 
F.  tofiograjihie :  G.  topos^  a  place,  and  grajiho^  to 
write. 

TORNADO.  5.  A  whirlwind  :  a  hurricane.  Spanish  ; 
from  the  L.  tornatus,  p.  part,  of  torno^  to  turn  as  a 
wheel.  G.  torno-o. 

TORPEDO,  s.  A  fish,  which,  when  living,  is  said  to 
communicate  numbness  by  an  electric  shock;  a  sub- 
marine engine,  invented  by  Robert  Fulton  of  Penn- 
sylvania, for  destroying  an  enemy's  ships.  L.  torpedo: 
torpeo^  to  be  numbed. 

TORPID,  adj.  Benumbed;  motionless;  inactive.  L. 
torpidus.'^SQe  TORPOR. 

TORPOR,  s.  Numbness  ;  inability  to  move;  dulness  of 
sensation.  L. 

TORREFACTION.  s.  Act  of  roasting,  or  drying  by 
the  fire.  F.  torrefaction:  L.  torrefactus,  p.  part,  of 
torrefacio :  comp.  of  torreo,  to  roast,  and  Jlacio,  to 
make. 

TORRID,  adj.  Parched;  scorching.  L.  torridus;  from 
torreo^  to  roast. 

TORTUOUS,  adj.  Twisted ;  winding.  L.  tortuosus: 
tortus.)  p.  part,  of  torqueo^  to  writhe. 

TORTURE,  s.  Infliction  of  pain;  pain,  by  v.'hich  guilt 
is  punished,  or  confession  extorted;  extreme  pain.  L. 
tortura:  torturusy  (future  part,  of  torcjueo,')  about  to 
writhe. 

TOTAL,  adj.  Whole;  complete;  full.  L.  totalis;  tot,  so 
many,  just  so  much. 

TOUPET.  s.  A  little  tuft  of  hair.  F.  from  tou/iier,  to 
whirl  about. 

TOUR.  s.  A  journey,  comprehending  many  places,  and 
requiring  various  turnings.  F.  from  tourner.,  to  turn, 
or  wind  around:  L.  torno. 

TOURNAMENT,  s.  Tilt;  joust;  mock  encounter.  F. 


TOU— TRA 

tournoyement;  tournoyer^  tournevy  to  whirl  about.  L. 
torno. 

TOURNIQUET,  s.  A  surgical  instrument,  used  in 
amputation,  Sec.  capable  of  being  straitened  or  re- 
laxed by  turning  a  handle.  F.  from  tourner^  to  turn. 

TRACE,  s.  Mark  left  by  any  thing  passing;  appear- 
ance of  what  has  been;  harness  by  which  a  beast 
.draws  a  carriage,  &c.  (verb, — to  follow  by  the  trace 
or  remaining  mark;  to  delineate,  Sec.)  F.  trace. — See 
TRACK. 

TRACK,  s.  Trace;  mark  impressed  on  a  road  by  any 
thing  draw?!  over  it;  impression;  beaten  path.  L. 
tractus;  from  the  p.  part,  of  traho,  to  draw. 

TRACT,  s.  A  region,  the  bounrlaries  of  which  are  sup- 
posed to  be  traced  out,  or  defined;  a  treatise  ;  a  small 
book.  L.  tractus:  from  a  part,  of  traho,  to  draw. 

TRACTABLE,  adj.  Manageable;  docile;  compliant. 
L.  tractabilis:   tractus.,  p.  part,  of  ?raAo,  to  draw. 

TRACTILE,  adj.  Capable  of  being  drawn  out;  ductile. 
—See  TRACTABLE. 

TRADE,  s.  Traffic  ;  mutual  delivery  or  exchange  of 
merchandise;  species  of  traffic.  L.  trado,  to  deliver. 

TRADITION,  s.  Delivery  or  oral  communication  of 
occurrences,  from  one  age  to  another ;  an  occur- 
rence thus  communicated.  L.  traditio :  from  trado, 
to  deliver. 

TRADUCE.  V.  To  censure,  or  calumniate.  L.  traduco: 
trans,  across,  and  duco,  to  lead. 

TRADUCIBLE.  adj.  Deliverable;  derivable.  L.  tra- 
duco: trans,  across,  or  from  one  place  to  another,  and 
duco,  to  lead. 

TRAFFIC,  s.  To  trade.  Italian,  traffico :  L.  ^rans, 
across,  or  from  one  place  to  another,  andyac/o,to  make, 
or  do. 

TRAGEDY,  s.  A  dramatic  representation  of  a  serious 
and  affecting  kind;  a  mournful  event;  a  dreadful  ca- 
tastrophe. L.  tragoedia;  G.  tragodia;  from  tragos,  a 
male-goat,  and  ode,  a  song.  Tragedy,  which  has  at- 
tained so  high  dignity,  was,  at  first,  only  a  trial  of  iam- 
bics between  two  peasants,  and  a  goat  was  the  prize : 
thus,  Horace  calls  it,  vile  certamen  ob  hircunif^^^  a 
mean  contest  for  a  he- goat.'* 


TRA— TRA 

TRAGIC,  or  TRAGICAL,  adj.  Relating  to  tragedy; 
mournful;  calamitous;  dreadful.  L.  tragicus. — Sec 
TRAGEDY. 

TRAIN,  -v.  To  educate;  to  teach ;  to  exercise.  F.  train- 
er; L.  trahendus^  p.  future  part,  of  traho^  to  draw. 

TRAIN,  s.  That  which  is  designed  to  be  drawn  after 
any  thing, — as,  the  tail  of  a  bird,  the  tail  of  a  gown, 
or  cannon  accompanying  an  army ;  a  connected  se- 
ries, in  which  one  thing  is  followed  by  another ;  pro- 
cess ;  method  ;  retinue ;  a  trail  or  line  of  powder, 
reaching  to  a  mine.  Sec.  F.  train:  L.  tra/iendus,  (to 
be  drawn,)  p.  future  part,  of  tra/io,  to  draw. 

TRAIT,  s.  Sketch;  moral  picture;  moral  feature;  ac- 
tion, or  striking  occurrence  in  human  life,  (generally 
pronounced  tray,)  F.  trait,  (formerly  traict:)  L.  ti'ac- 
tus;  from  the  p.  part,  oi  tra/io,  to  draw. 

TRAITOR,  s.  One  who  delivers,  to  an  enemy,  that 
with  which  he  has  been  entrusted  ;  one  who,  being 
trusted,  betrays.  F.  traitre;  L.  traditor:  trado,  to  de- 
liver, or  yield. 

TRAJECT.  s.  A  ferry;  a  means  of  passing  across  a 
river.  L.  trajectus;  from  the  p.  part,  of  trajicio;  trans, 
across,  and ^ac/o,  to  throw. 

TRAJECT.  V.  To  throw  across;  to  cast. — See  the 
substantive. 

TRAMMEL,  s.  A  net;  a  kind  of  shackles,  in  which 
horses  are  taught  to  pace  ;  a  human  snare ;  an  imped- 
iment or  obstruction.  F.  tramaii;  L.  trames,  a  cross 
way:  tramissus,  p.  part,  oi  tra7nitto,  (for  transmitto:) 
trans,  across,  and  mitto,  to  send. 

TRANCE.—See  TRANSE. 

TRANSACT,  v.  To  negotiate;  to  manage;  to  perform  ; 
to  do.  L.  transactum,  sup.  of  transigo:  comp.  of 
trans,  across,  or  from  one  place  to  another,  and  ago, 
to  do. 

TRANSCEND,  v.  To  surpass;  to  exceed,  or  excel; 
to  surmount.  L.  transcendo:  trans,  beyond,  and  scan- 
do,  to  climb. 

TRANSCRIBE,  v.  To  copy  in  writing.  L.  transcribe: 
trans,  across,  or  from  one  place  to  another,  and  scribo, 
to  write. 


TRA— TRA 

TRANSCRIPT,  s.  A  copy.  L.  tra^i  script  us,  p.  part. 
oi  transcribo.-^See  TRANSCRIBE. 

TRANSE.  s.  State  of  apparent  death;  sleep,  unusually 
prolonged.  F.  trans:  L.  transitus^  p.  part,  of  transeo: 
trans^  beyond,  and  eo,  to  go. 

TRANSFER,  v.  To  convey;  to  remove.  L.  transfero; 
trans^  across,  andy^^-o,  to  carry. 

TRANSFIGURATION.  5.  Change  of  form.  I.,  trans- 
Jiguratio;  from  transjiguro ;  trans^  across,  or  from 
one  to  another,  and  ^^^^ro,  to  shape. — See  FIGURE. 

TRANSFIX.  V.  To  pierce  through.  L.  transjixum, 
sup.  of  tra7isJigo:  trans^  across,  and  Jigo^  to  stick  or 
fasten. 

TRANSFORM,  v.  To  metamorphose;  to  change  the 
shape.  L.  transformo:  trans^  across,  or  from  one  to 
another,  and /brma,  shape. 

TRANSFUSE,  v.  To  pour  out  of  one  into  another;  to 
spread.  'Li.  transfusum^  sup.  of  trans/undo:  tra7iSy 
across,  or  beyond,  ^mdfimdo,  to  pour. 

TRANSGRESS,  v.  To  pass  beyond;  to  violate;  to  of- 
fend, by  violating  a  law.  L.  transgressu?n,  sup.  of 
transgredior:  trans,  beyond,  and  gradior,  to  walk  : 
gradus,  a  step. 

TRANSIENT,  adj.  Soon  past ;  soon  passing;  moment- 
ary. L.  transiens,  part,  of  transeo:  trans,  across,  and 
eo,  to  go. 

TRANSIT,  s.  Passage  ;  the  passage  of  any  planet  over 
the  sun,  moon,  or  stars.  L.  trayisitiis. — See  TRANSI- 
TION. 

TRANSITION,  s.  Removal ;  passage  from  one  state 
or  thing  to  another  ;  change.  L.  transitio  :  transitus, 
part,  of  transeo:   trans,  across,  and  eo,  to  go. 

TRANSITIVE,  adj.  Having  the  power  of  passing;  (in 
grammar,)  a  verb  transitive  is  that  which  signifies  an 
action,  conceived  as  having  an  effect  upon  some  ob- 
ject. L.  transitivus. — See  TRANSITION. 

TRANSITORY,  adj.  Continuing  only  a  short  time  ; 
speedily  vanishing.  L.  transitorius. — See  TRANSI- 
TION. 

TRANSLATE,  -u.  To  remove;  to  convey;  to  change 
into  another  language.   L.  traiislatuin^  sup.  of  trans- 


TRA— TRA 

fero:  trans^  across,  or  from  one  to  another,  and  fero^ 
to  carry. 

TRANSLOCATION,  s.  Change  of  place.  L.  trans, 
across,  or  from  one  to  another,  and  locus,  a  place. 

TRANSLUCENT,  or  TRANSLUCID.  adj.  Transpa- 
rent; clear;  affording  a  passage  to  the  light  through 
its  pores.  L.  translucens,  part,  of  transluceo,  to  shine 
through:  comp.  of  trans,  across,  and  luceo,  to  shine. 
Translucid  is  derived  from  translucidus. 

TRANSMARINE,  adj.  Situated  on  the  other  side  of 
the  sea;  found  beyond  sea.  L.  trans mariniis ;  trans, 
across  or  beyond,  and  mare,  the  sea. 

TRANSMIGRATION,  s.  Passage  from  one  place  or 
state  into  another.  L.  transmigratus,  p.  part,  of  trans- 
migro;  from  trans,  across,  meaning  from  one  to  an- 
other, and  migro,  to  remove. 

TRANSMISSION,  s.  Act  of  transmitting.  L.  trans- 
mis  sio :  transmissus,  p.  part,  of  transmitto. — See 
TRANSMIT. 

TRANSMIT,  -v.  To  send  from  one  person  or  place  to 
another.  L.  transmitto :  transy  across,  and  mitto,  to 
send. 

TRANSMUTE,  v.  To  change  from  one  nature  to  an- 
other. L.  transmuto :  from  trans,  across,  meaning 
from  one  to  another,  and  muto,  to  change. 

TRANSPARENT,  adj.  Allowing  the  light  to  pass 
through  its  pores;  clear;  pellucid;  not  opaque.  F. 
transparent:  L.  trans^  across,  and  apparens,  part,  of 
afijiareo,  to  appear. 

TRANSPIERCE,  v.  To  pierce  through;  to  transfix. 
L.  trans,  across,  and  pierce. 

TRANSPIRE.  V.  To  perspire ;  to  escape  from  secrecy 
to  publicity.  L.  transjiiro:  trajis,  across  or  beyond, 
and  sp.iro^  to  breathe. 

TRANSPLANT,  -v.  To  remove,  and  plant  in  another 
place ;  to  remove  and  settle.  L.  trans,  across,  or  be- 
yond, and  plant. 

TRANSPORT,  -v.  To  carry  from  one  place  to  an- 
other ;  to  hurry  by  violence  of  passion ;  to  put  into 
extasy.  L.  transporto:  trans,  across,  or  beyond,  and 
porto,  to  carry. 


TRA— TRE 

TRANSPORT,  s.  Conveyance  ;  a  vessel  in  which  sol- 
diers or  munitions  of  war  are  conveyed  ;  extasy. — Set; 
the  verb. 

TRANSPOSE.  V.  To  alter,  interchangeably,  the  posi- 
tion of  things  or  words.  F.  t7^ans/ioser :  L.  trans- 
/lositufHj  sup.  of  transjiono:  trans,  across,  and  pono, 
to  place. 

TRANSUBSTANTIATION.  s.  A  miraculous  opera- 
tion, believed  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  by  which  tlie 
bread  and  wine  of  the  eucharist  are  supposed  to  be 
changed  into  the  real  body  and  blood  of  Christ.  F. 
ti-ansiibstantiation;  L.  trans,  across,  or  from  one  to 
another,  and  substantia,  substance. 

TRANSUDE,  v.  To  pass  through  in  sweat,  or  vapour. 
L.  trans,  across  or  beyond,  and  sudo,  to  sweat. 

TRANSVERSE,  adj.  In  a  direction  across.  L.  trans- 
versus,  p.  part,  oitransverto:  tra?is,  across,  and  -verio,, 
to  turn. 

TRAVAIL.  V.  To  labour  ;  to  toil ;  to  harass  ;  to  be  in 
labour;  to  suffer  the  pains  of  childbirth.  F.  travailler^ 
to  trouble. 

TRAVEL,  -v.  To  make  a  journey;  to  pass;  to  move. 
This  verb  is  generally  supposed  to  be  the  same  as 
travail;  though  it  is  now  differently  spelled,  when 
expressing  the  toil  of  a  journey.  Sec. 

TRAVERSE,  adj.  Lying  across; — s.  that  which  lies 
across;  a  thwarting  obstacle.  Sec.  F.  traverse. — See 
TRANSVERSE. 

TRAVEP..SE.  V.  To  cross;  to  thwart;  to  oppose,  or 
cross  by  an  objection ;  to  travel  over.  F.  traverser.*— > 
See  TRANSVERSE. 

TRAVESTY,  s.  A  burlesque  imitation.  F.  travesti, 
part,  of  travestir,  to  disguise.  L.  trans,  across,  mean- 
ing contrariety  or  opposition,  and  vestis,  a  garment. 

TREACHERY,  s.  Perfidy;  breach  of  faith.  F.  triche- 
rie ;  from  tricher,  to  cheat.  L.  tricor,  to  trifle,  or 
baffle. 

TREASON.  .9.  An  offence  committed  against  the  safety 
of  a  people,  or  of  a  sovereign  or  state.  F.  trahison; 
from  trahissant,  part,  of  truhir,  to  betray.  L.  traho,  to 
draw,  or  entice. 

TREASURY,  s.  A  place  in  which  money  is  deposited. 


TRE— TRI 

F.  treaorerie;  L.  thesaurus;  G.  thcsaiiros:  comp.  oi 

thesis^  a  place,  and  auros^  riches. 
TREAT.  V.  To  negotiate;   to  discourse  on;  to  use  in 

any  manner,  well  or  ill ;  to  conduct ;  to  manage ;  to 

entertain  gratuitously.  F.  traiter;  L.  tracto;  from  trac- 

turn,  sup.  of  traho^  to  draw,  or  stretch  out,  lead,  al- 
lure, or  contract. 
TREATISE,     s.    Written    discourse ;     tract. See 

TREAT. 
TREATY,  i?.  Negotiation;  compact.— See  TREAT. 
TREBLE,  adj.  Threefold;  (in  music,)  of  a  sharp  sound. 

F.  triple.-~SeG  TRIPLE. 
TREFOIL,    s.   A   species  of  clover,    or   three-leaved 

grass.  L.  trefolium:  tres^  tlu'ee,  and  folium^  a  leaf. 
TREMBLE,    -u.   To   shake  as  with  fear  or  cold  ;   to 

quake;  to  quaver;  to  shudder;  to  totter.  F.  trembler; 

L.  tremo^  to  shake. 
TREMENDOUS,  adj.  Dreadful;  astonishingly  terrible. 

L.  tremendus:  from  tremo^  to  shake. 
TREMOR,  or  TREMOUR.    s.   State   of  trembling; 

quivering  or  vibratory  motion.  L.  tremor:  tremo^  to 

shake. 
TREMULOUS,   adj.  Trembling;  fearful;  quivering; 

vibratory.  L.  tremulus. — See  TREMOR. 
TRENCH.  8.  A  pit  or  ditch.  F.  tranche:  trancher,  to 

cut :  L.  truncOn,  to  chop  off. 
TRENCHANT,    adj.   Cutting;    sharp.    F.  tranchanty 

part.  o{  trancher;  L.  trunco^  to  chop  off. 
TRENCHER,  s.  A   wooden  plate,  on  which  meat  is 

cut  at  table.  F.  trenchoir;  trencher^io  cut:  L.  truncoy 

to  cut  into  pieces. 
TREPAN,  s.  An  instrument  used  for  cutting  circular 

pieces  out  of  the  skull.  F.  trepan:  G.  trefio^  to  turn. 
TREPIDATION,  s.  State  of  trembling,  or  quivering; 

state  of  being  terrified.    L.  trefiidatio  :    trejiido^   to 

quake  for   fear,   or   be   amazed :    G.  trejio.^  to  turn 

about. 
TRESPASS,  -v.  To  transgress;  to  offend;  to  enter  un- 
lawfully into    another's    ground.    F.   trespasser:    L. 

transy  across,  and  fiassus^  a  step. 
TREY.  s.  A  three,  of  cards,  dice,  he.  L.  tres,  three, 
TRIAD,  s.  Three  united.  L.  trias:  tres^  three. 


TRI— .TRI 

TRIANGLE,  u^.  Havini^-  three  angles.  L.  trian^ulnm: 
trcs^  three,  and  angulum^  an  angle. 

TRIBE,  s.  A  cUstmct  body  of  people,  as  distinguished 
by  nation,  family,  or  fortune.  In  the  reign  of  Romu- 
lus, after  a  treaty  had  been  made  with  the  invading 
Sabincs,  it  was  agreed,  that  Rome  should  be  inhabited 
by  Romans  and  Sabines,  in  common;  and  that  they 
should  be  divided  into  three  sections,  (tribus^)  called 
Rhamnanses,  Talienses,  and  Lucrenses.  The  word 
tribe  is,  therefore,  derived  from  an  inflexion  of  the 
L.  adj.  tres,  three. 

TRIBULATION,  s.  Persecution;  distress;  vexation. 
F.  tribulation:  L.  tribulo^  to  thresh. 

TRIBUNAL,  s.  The  seat  of  a  judge;  a  court  of  justice. 
L.  tribitnaL-^^QC  TRIBUNE. 

TRIBUNE,  s.  Originally,  the  chief  officer  of  a  Roman 
tribe ;  afterwards,  an  officer  of  Rome,  chosen  by  the 
people,  to  guard  their  liberties;  or  the  commander  of 
a  cohort.  L.  tribunus. — See  TRIBE. 

TRIBUTARY,  adj.  Subject  to  pay  tribute;  relating 
to  tribute;  paid  in  tribute;  subordinate.  L.  tributa- 
riu,^.—See  TRIBUTE. 

TRIBUTE,  s.  Payment  made  by  a  subjected  people  to 
their  victors;  acknowledgment.  L.  tributum;  tribuoy 
to  give,  or  grant. 

TRICHOPHYLLON.  s.  A  plant  with  leaves  resem- 
bling hair.   G.  trichion^  hair,  fihullon^  a  leaf. 

TRIC'OLOURED.  adj.  Having  throe  colours.  L.  tres^ 
three,  and  coloured. 

TRIDENT,  s.  A  three-pronged  sceptre  of  Neptune. 
L.  tridens:  tres^  three,  and  dens.^  a  tooth, 

TRIDUAN.  adj.  Lasting  tiiree  days;  happening  every 
third  day.  L.  triduum;  tres,  three,  and  dies.,  a  day. 

TRIENNIAL,  adj.  Lasting  three  years ;  happening 
once  in  three  years.  L.  triennis;  tres^  three,  and  «??► 
72?/ .9,  a  year. 

TRIFOLIATE,  adj.  Having  three  leaves.  L.  tres^ 
three,  dind/olium^  a  leaf. 

TRIFORM,  adj.  Having  a  triple  shape.  L.  triformif^; 
tres.,  three,  and ybrm«,  shape. 

TRIGONAL,  adj.  Triangular;  three-cornered.  G.  trl- 
[27*3 


TRI— -TRI 

gonon^  a  triangle:  trcis^  three,  and  gonia^  a  corner,  or 

angle. 
TRIGONOMETRY,  s.  The  art  of  measurmg  triangles. 

G.  trigonos^  a  triangle,  and  metreo,  to  measure. 
TRILATERAL,  adj.  Having  three  sides.    F.  trilate- 
ral; L.  tria^  (neuter  of  tres^)  three,  and  latera^  pi.  of 

latus^  a  side. 
TRIMETER,   adj.  Consisting  of  three  poetical  mea- 
sures. G.  trimetros;  treis,  three,  and  metron^  a  mea- 
sure. 
TRINAL.  adj.  Threefold.  L.  trinus:  tres,  three,  and 

unus,  one. 
TRINITY,  s.  Three  in  one.    L.  trinitas :  tres^  three, 

and  unitas.,  unity:  unus^  one. 
TRIPARTITE,  adj.  Divided  into  three  parts;  having 

three  correspondent  copies ;  relating  to  three  parties. 

L.  trifiartitus;  comp.  of  tres.^  three,  and  partitusy  p. 

part,  oipartioy  to  divide. 
TRIPEDAL.  adj.  Having  three  feet.  L.  trifiedis^  gen. 

of  trifles;  tres^  three,  and  /zes,  a  foot. 
TRIPETALOUS.  adj.  Having  a  flower  consisting  of 

three  leaves.  G.  treis^  three,  and  fietalon^  a  leaf. 
TRIPHTHONG.  «.  The  imaginary  coalition  of  three 

vowels  to  form  one  sound.  G.  treis^  three,  and  fihthon- 

gosy  a  sound. 
TRIPLE,  adj.  Threefold;  treble.  F.  trifile;  L.  triplex; 

comp.  of  trcs^  three,  and  jilico^  to  fold. 
TRIPLET.  8.  Three  of  a  kind;  three  verses  rhyming 

together.— See  TRIPLE. 
TRIPLICATE.    8.  Made  thrice    as   much  ;    a  second 

copy,  or  third  of  three  of  the  same  kind.  L.  triplica- 

^ws.—See  TRIPLE. 
TRIPOD.  8.  A  seat  with  three  feet.  G.  tripous^  (gen. 

tripodos;)  from  treis^  three,  and  pous,  a  foot. 
TRIPTOTE.  8.  A  noun  used  only  in  three  cases.   L. 

tri/itoto7i;  G.  trei8y  three,  2Lnd  ptosis,  a  case. 
TRIREME.  8.  A   galley  with  three  benches  of  oars. 

L.  triremis;  from  tres,  three,  and  remus,  an  oar. 
TRISECT.  V.  To  cut  into  three  parts.  L.  tres,  three, 

and  seco,  to  cut. 
TRISYLLABLE,  s.  A  word  consisting  of  three  sylla- 
bles. L.  trisyllaba;  trcsy  three,  and  syllaba^  a  syllable. 


TRI~-.TRU 

TRITir.US.  s.  The  tertian  ague.  G.  tritaios,  tertian; 
treis^  three. 

TRITE,  adj.  Worn  out;  common.  L.  iriius,  p.  part,  of 
to'o,  to  rub. 

TRITURATE,  v.  To  levigate  or  reduce  to  powder  by 
friction.  L.  trituro;  from  triturus^  (future  part,  of 
tero^^  about  to  rub. 

TRIUMPH,  s.  Pomp  with  which  a  victory  is  celebrated; 
state  of  being  victorious;  conquest.  L.  triumjihus;  G. 
thriambos'y  thrion^  a  leaf,  (meaning,  of  laurel,)  and 
embaino^  to  go  in  state. 

TRIUMVIRATE,  or  TRIUMVIRI,  s.  Coalition  of 
three  men,  as  of  Caesar,  Pompey,  and  Crassus.  L.  trU 
mnviratus,  or  triumviri;  tres,  three,  and  viri^  (pi.  of 
■vir,)  men. 

TRIUNE,  adj.  Three  and  one,  at  the  same  time.  L.  tres, 
three,  and  unus,  one. 

TRIVIAL,  adj.  Vulgar;  trifling;  unimportant;  incon- 
siderable. L.  trivialis;  trivium,  a  place  where  three 
■ways  meet,  (therefore,)  a  place  of  common  resort: 
tres^  three,  and  via^  a  way. 

TROCHOLICS.  s.  The  art  of  wheel-work.  G.  trochosy 
a  wheel. 

TROPE,  s.  Figurative  change  of  a  word  from  its  origi- 
nal signification.  G.  trofios;  from  trefio^  to  turn. 

TROPHY.  .?.  Something  shown  or  treasured  up  in  proof 
of  victory.  L.  trofiaium^  or  trofihxum ;  G.  tropaion; 
from  trefiOy  to  turn;  alluding  to  the  flight  or  turning 
of  the  enemy. 

TROPIC.  .9.  The  line  at  which  the  sun  appears  to  re- 
turn in  his  declination  to  the  north  or  to  the  south.  L. 
tropicus.  G.  trefio^  to  turn. 

TROPICAL,  adj.  In  grammar,  figurative:  from  Trope; 
— In  astronomy,  within  or  belonging  to  the  tropics.— 
See  TROPIC. 

TROVER,  s.  In  the  common  law,  an  action  which  one 
person  has  against  another  who  has  found  any  of  the 
plaintiff's  goods,  and  refuses  to  deliver  them.  F.  trou' 
ver^  to  find. 

TRUCK,  s.  A.  kind  of  carriage,  with  low  wheels,  for 
carrying  heavy  weights.  G.  trochos^  a  wheel. 


TRU— TUR 

TRUCKLE,  s.  A  small  wheel;  the  moveable  part  of  a 
pulley.   G.  trochos,  a  wheel. 

TRUNCATE,  v.  To  lop;  to  cut  short;  to  maim.  L. 
trunco. — See  TRUNK. 

TRUNCHEON,  s.  A  short  staff;  a  cudgel ;  a  staff  of 
command.   F.  tron^onj  L.  truncus^  cut  short. 

TRUNK,  s.  The  body  of  a  tree,  exclusive  of  the 
branches  ;  the  body  of  an  animal,  without  the  limbs  ; 
a  hollow  piece  of  timber  for  conveying  fluids ;  a  spe- 
cies of  chest ;  the  proboscis  of  an  elephant.  L.  trim- 
cus^  cut  short. 

TUBERCLE,  s.  A  small  swelling  or  excrescence ; 
a  pimple.  L.  tiiberculum;  dim.  of  tuber ^  a  puff,  grow- 
ing in  the  ground  like  a  mushroom. 

TUBEROUS,  adj.  Having  prominent  knots  or  excres- 
cences. L.  tuber osus;  tuber ^  a  puff  growing  in  the 
ground  like  a  mushroom. 

TUBULAR,  adj.  Resembling  a  pipe;  consisting  of  a 
pipe  or  pipes;  fistular.   L.  tubus^  a  conduit -pipe. 

TUBULE.  6'.  A  small  pipe,  or  fistular  body.  L.  tubulusy 
dim.  q{  tubus,  a  conduit-pipe. 

TUITION,  s.  Guardianship  ;  care  exercised  by  a  guar- 
dian or  tutor  ;  general  instruction.  L.  tuitio :  tutus^ 
p.  part,  of  tueor.)  to  behold,  or  defend. 

TUMEFACTION,  s.  Swelling.  L.  tumefactio ;  from 
tuvicfactiis^  p.  part,  of  tumefacio;  comp.  oi  tumeo,  to 
swell,  and  facio.,  to  make. 

TUMID,  arfy.  Swelled;  protuberant;  pompous;  falsely 
sublime.  L.  tumidus;  tumeo^  to  swell. 

TUMOUR,  s.  A  morbid  swelling.  L.  tumor;  tumeo.,  to 
swell. 

TUMULOSE.  adj.  Full  of  little  hills.  L.  tumulosus; 
tumulus^  a  hillock:  from  tumeo^  to  swell. 

TUMULT,  s.  Promiscuous  commotion  in  a  multitude  ; 
popular  disturbance.  L.  tumultus ;  from  tumeo^  to 
swell. 

TUNIC,  s.  Part  of  the  Roman  dress ;  (in  anatomy,) 
a  natural  covering  or  integument.  L.  tunica. 

TUNICLE.  s.  Natural  cover;  integument.  L.  tunicula, 
a  little  coat.— -See  TUNIC. 

TURBID,  adj.  Muddy.  L.  turbidus;  turbo,  a  whirling 
round. 


TUR— -TYP 

TURBULENCE,  s.  Tumult;  confusion;  disorder.  L. 
turbulentia;  turba^  a  crowd :  turbo^  a  whirling  round. 

TURGESCENCE.  s.  The  act  of  swelling;  the  state  of 
being  swelled;  vain  magnificence.  L.  turgescens^  part, 
of  turgesco.—^Se,e  TURGID. 

TURGID,  adj.  Swelling;  bloated;  pompous;  vainly- 
magnificent.  L.  turgidus;  from  turgeo^  to  swell. 

TURPITUDE,  s.  Viieness ;  badness.  L.  turpitudo ; 
turfiis^  filthy. 

TURRET.  5.  A  small  eminence,  or  little  tower,  raised 
above  the  rest  of  a  building.  L.  turris^  a  tower. 

TUTELAGE,  s.  Guardianship;  state  of  being  under  a 
tutor  or  guardian.  F.  tutelage;  L.  tutela. — See  TUI- 
TION. 

TUTELAR,  or  TUTELARY,  adj.  Protecting;  guard- 
ing.   F.  tutelaire.^^dQ  TUTELAGE. 

TUTOR,  s.  One  who  has  the  care  of  another's  learn- 
ing and  morals;  a  teacher.  L.  tutor;  from  tutus^  p. 
part,  of  tueor^  to  behold  or  defend. 

TYLUS.  s.  Hardness  of  the  skin,  in  any  part,  occasioned 
by  severe  labour.  G.  tulos^  hardness. 

TYMPANUM,  s.  A  part  of  the  ear,  which  is  supposed 
to  be  the  immediate  organ  of  hearing;  so  called,  from 
its  resemblance  to  a  drum.  L.  tym}ianum;  G.  tuinpa- 
non,  a  drum. 

TYMPANY.  5.  A  kind  of  obstructed  flatulence  which 
swells  the  body  like  a  drum.  L.  tym}ianum;  G.  turn' 
fianon.,  a  di  am. 

TYPE.  s.  A  mark ;  an  emblem ;  prefiguration ;  a  printing 
letter.  L.  tyfius;  G.  tujios^  a  mark;  from  tufito^  to 
beat. 

TYPHUS,  s.  A  species  of  continued  fever.  G.  tujihos^ 
stupor,  senselessness. 

TYPICAL,  adj.  Emblematical;  figurative.  L.  tyfiicus. 
—See  TYPE. 

TYPIFY.  V.  To  figure ;  to  show  by  an  emblem.  L. 
tyfius.,  a  type,  and /ac/o,  to  make. — See  TYPE. 

TYPOGRAPHY,  s.  Emblematical  or  hieroglyphical 
representation;  art  of  printing  with  types.  L.  tyfio- 
grafihia;  G.  tufios^  a  type,  and  grajihoy  to  write. — 
See  TYPE. 


TYR— UMB 

TYRANNICIDE,  s.  The  act  of  killing  a  tyrant;  one 
who  has  killed  a  tyrant.  L.  tyranyius,  a  tyrant,  and 
ccsdo^  to  kill. 

TYRANT,  s.  An  imperious  monarch;  a  cruel  and  se- 
vere master;  an  oppressor.  L.  tyi^annus;  G.  turannos^ 
a  king  or  absolute  ruler ;  in  which  sense,  the  ancients 
applied  the  term,  indiscriminately,  without  regard  te 
his  moral  conduct:  tciro^  to  subject. 

TYRO.  s.  One  not  yet  master  of  his  art ;  a  beginner. 
L.  tyro^  or  tiro;  G.  teiro^  to  bring  under  subjection. 


U. 


UBIQUITY.  8.  Omnipresence;  existence  at  the  same 
time  in  all  places.  L.  ubique^  in  every  place. 

ULCER,  s.  A  hollow  sore,  from  which  matter  issues. 
F.  ulcere;  L.  ulcus;  G.  ulx^  a  furrow. 

ULIGINOUS,  adj.  Oozy;  slimy;  muddy.  L.  uligino- 
sus;  uligo^  the  natural  moisture  of  the  earth. 

ULTERIOR,  adj.  Further.  L.  compar.  of  ultra,  be- 
yond:  ultra,  ulterior,  ultimus. 

ULTIMATE,  adj.  Intended  as  the  last  resort ;  last  in 
a  train  of  consequences.  L.  ultimus,  the  last;  super), 
of  ultra,  beyond. 

ULTIMATUM,  s.  Ultimate  or  last  offer  or  decision. — 
See  ULTIMATE. 

ULTIMO,  abbreviated  ult".  or  ult.  The  last  [month.] 
L.  abl.  of  ultimus,  last. 

ULTRAMARINE,  adj.  Situated  beyond  the  sea;  for- 
eia:n.  L.  ultra.,  beyond,  and  mare,  the  sea. 

ULTRAMONTANE,  adj.  Situated  beyond  the  moun- 
tains. L.  2iltra,  beyond,  and  mons,  (gen.  ?nontis,)  a 
mountain. 

ULTRAMUNDANE,  adj.  Beyond  the  world.  L.  ultra, 
beyond,  and  mundus.,  the  world. 

UMBRAGE,  s.  Shade;  shr.dow : — resentment;  offence; 

suspicion  of  injury The  last  three  uses  of  this  word 

umlH-c-ge,  may  be  explained,  by  supposing,  thcit  the 
person  giving  an  offence  is  thrown,  as  it  is  said,  in  the 


UMB—UNI 

shade^  or  out  of  the  favourable  as/icct  of  the  other's 
countenance.  F.  ombrage ;  L.  umbruy  a  shadow,  or 
shade. 

UMBRAGEOUS,  adj.  Shady;  yielding  shade.  F.  om- 
bragicux;  L.  itmbra^  a  shadow,  or  shade. 

UMBR.ELLA.  s.  A  portable  skreen,  used  as  a  shelter 
from  the  sun,  or  from  the  rain.   L.  umbra^  a  shade. 

UN.  A  Saxon  privative  or  negative  particle,  having 
the  same  effect  as  the  Latin  m,  when  this  preposition 
is  used  to  mark  privation  or  negation :  thus,  w;zcon- 
nected,  ineans  7iot  connected,  and  mcapable,  not  ca- 
pable. 

UNANIMOUS,  adj.  Of  one  mind;  without  any  dis- 
cordance. L.  unani7nus^  or  unanimis;  comp.  oi' U7iu8, 
one,  and  animus^  the  mind. 

UNCTION,  s.  Act  of. anointing;  rite  of  anointing; 
ointment.  L.  iinctio;  unctus^  p.  part,  of  ii?2go,  or  lui- 
guo.,  to  smear. 

UNC'J'UOUS.  adj.  Fat;  clammy;  oily.  L.  unctus. — See 
UNCTION. 

UNDULARY.  adj.  Moving  as  waves;  moving  with  in- 
termissions.— See  UNDULATE. 

UNDULATE,  v.  To  move  as  waves;  to  move  with  in- 
termissions. L.  undulo;  unda^  a  wave. 

UNGUENT,  s.  Ointment.  L.  ungue-ntum;  from  unguo^ 
or  iingo^  to  smear. 

UNICORN,  s.  A  beast  that  has  naturally  only  one 
horn.  L.  unicoimis;  unus^  one,  and  cornu.,  a  horn. 

UNIFORM,  adj.  Similar  to  itself;  preserving  the  same 
tenor ;  conforming  to  one  rule  ;  acting  in  the  same 
manner;  agreeing  with  each  other,  L.  unus,  one,  and 
forma.)  shape. 

UNION.  5,  Junction,  so  as  out  of  two  or  more  to  make 
one ;  concord.  F.  union;  from  the  L.  unus^  one. 

UNIPx\ROUS.  adj.  Bringing  forth  one  at  a  birth.  L. 
unus^  one,  and  fiario^  to  bring  forth. 

UNIQUE,  adj.  When  we  say  a  thing  is  unique,  wc 
mean  that  it  is  the  only  thing  of  its  kind.  F.  unique; 
L.  unicus;  uJiua^  one. 

UNIT.  s.  One;  the  least  number,  or  the  root  of  num- 
bers.—See  UNITY. 


UNI— USH 

UNITARIAN,  s.  One  who  does  not  believe  in  the 
doctrine  of  the  trinity.  L.  umis,  one. 

UNITE.  V.  To  join  two  or  more,  so  as  to  make  one ; 
to  act  in  concert;  to  be  cemented,  &c. — See  UNITY. 

UNITY,  s.  The  state  of  being  one;  concord;  conjunc- 
tion ;  uniformity;  species  of  dramatic  propriety.  L. 
U7iitas;  unuSy  one. 

UNIVERSAL,  adj.  General;  extending  to  all;  total; 
whole;  not  particular.  L.  universalis;  unus^  one,  and 
-versus^  p.  part,  of  verto^  to  turn. 

UNIVERSE.  5.  The  general  system  of  things;  the 
whole  creation.—See  UNIVERSAL. 

UNIVERSITY,  s.  A  college,  incorporated  for  the  edu- 
cation of  youth  in  all  the  liberal  arts,  sciences.  Sec. 
and  empowered  to  confer  degrees.  A  university  gen- 
erally comprehends  many  colleges,  as  is  exemplified 
in  those  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  in  England.  L. 
ujiiversitas. — See  UNIVERSAL. 

UNIVOCAL.  adj.  Having  one  meaning;  certain;  re- 
gular. L.  univocus:  comp.  of  unus,  one,  and  vox, 
(gen.  -vocis,)  a  voice. 

URBANITY,  s.  Civility  ;  elegance  ;  politeness  ;  agreea- 
bleness,  L.  urba7iitas,  a  city  life,  civility,  courtesy  : 
urbs.f  a  city. 

URGE.  V.  To  incite;  to  push;  to  drive;  to  press  by  mo- 
tives, or  by  argument ;  to  enforce ;  to  importune  or 
solicit.  L.  urgeo,  to  press  on. 

URGENT,  adj.  Inciting;  pressing;  importunate  or  so- 
licitous. L.  urgens.,  part,  of  urgeo. — See  URGE. 

URINAL,  s.  A  vessel  for  holding  urine.  F.  urinal:  L. 
urina;  G.  ouron^  urine. 

URN.  s.  A  water  pot,  the  mouth  of  which  is  narrower 
than  the  body  ;  a  vessel  of  similar  form,  in  which  the 
remains  of  burned  bodies  were  deposited ;  an  orna- 
ment of  the  same  shape.  L.  ur7ia,  a  water-pitcher. 

USAGE.  5.  Custom  ;  long  continued  practice;  treat- 
ment. F.  usage;  L.  usus. — See  USE. 

USE.  s.  Application  to  any  purpose ;  proper  designa- 
tion or  instrumentality  ;  agency;  help;  benefit;  prac- 
tice, &c.  L.  usus;  from  a  part,  of  utor^  to  use. 

USHER,  fi.  One  whose  business  is  to  introduce  stran- 
gers, or  walk  before  persons  of  high  rank;  an  under- 


UST— -VAC 

teacher,  or  one  "who  introduces  young  scholars   io 

higher  learning.    F.  huissier;  from  fiuis^  a  door. 
USTULATION.  s.  The  roasting  of  ores,  to  separate 

the  arsenic  and  sulphur  from  the  metal.  L.  ustulatusy 

p.  part,  of  ustulo^  (from  uro^)  to  burn. 
USUFRUCT,    s.   Temporary  use  ;   enjoyment  of  the 

profits,  without  power  to  alienate.  L.  usus^  use,  and 

friictus^  fruit. 
USURP.  V.  To  possess  by  force  or  intrusion;  to  seize 

or  possess  without  right.  L.  usurfio^  the  frequentative 

form  of  utor^  to  use. 
USURY,  s.  Money  paid  for  the  use  of  money;  interest; 

the  practice  of  taking  interest.     But  the  term  usury ^ 

is  now  used  only  to  denote  a  higher  rate  of  interest 

than  is  allowed  by  law,  or  the  practice  of  charging  it. 

F.  usure;   L.  usura:  from  utor^  to  use. 
UTENSIL.  *.  An  instrument  for  use.  F.  utensile:  L, 

utor^  to  use. 
UTERINE,  s.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  womb.    L. 

%iterinus. — See  UTERUS. 
UTERUS,  s.  The  womb.    L. 

UTILE  DULCL     The  useful  with  the  pleasant.  L. 
UTILITY,  s.  Usefulness ;  profit ;  convenience.  L.  uti- 

litas:  utor^  to  use. 
UTI  POSSIDETIS.  A  diplomatic  phrase,  used  when 

two  or  m.ore  states  desire  to  make  peace,  on  the  terms 

that  each  shall  retain  the  possessions  which  it  then 

holds:  opposed  to  status  quo  ante  bellum.  L.  uti^  as, 

jiossidetis.,  (^h^om  possideo,)  you  possess. 
UXORIOUS,  adj.  Submissively  fond  of  a  wife;  infected 

with  connubial  dotage.  L.  uxorius:  uxor^  a  wife. 


VACANT,  adj.  Empty;  unoccupied;  thoughtless;  un- 
intelligent. L.  vacans,  part,  of  vaco,  to  be  empty. 

VACATE.  V.  To  make  vacant,  or  void;  to  quit  posses- 
sion of.  L.  vaco^  to  be  empty. 

VACATION,  s.  Recess  from  a  place  of  business;  in- 
termission of  stated  employments.  L.  vacatio:  vaca- 
tusy  p.  part,  of  vaco^  to  be  empty. 
[28] 


VAC— VAL 

VACCINE,  adj.  V^accine  inoculation  (an  important 
substitute  for  t*he  variolus,)  was  perfected  by  Dr.  Jen- 
ner  of  England,  about  the  year  18G0,  and  received  its 
name  from  the  infectious  matter  having  been  first  ta- 
ken from  the  teats  of  cows.  L.  vacca^  a  cow. 

VACUITY,  s.  Emptiness  ;  space  unfilled,  or  unoccu- 
pied ;  want  of  reality.  L.  vacuitas. — See  VACUUM. 

VACUUM,  s.  Space  unoccupied  by  matter,  or  from 
which  the  atmospheric  air  has  been  exhausted.  L. 
from  -vaco^  to  be  empty. 

VAGABOND,  adj.  Wandering,  without  any  settled 
habitation  ;  (always,  now,  considered  in  a  reproachful 
sense.)  F.  vagabond;  L.  vagabiindus:  -vagor-i  to  wan- 
der. 

VAGARY,  s.  A  freak;  a  capricious  frolic.  L.  vagor^  to 
wander. 

VAGRANT,  adj.  Wandering;  unsettled;  vagabond.  L. 
vagovy  to  wander. 

VAGUE,  adj.  Unfixed;  unsettled;  undetermined;  inde- 
finite. F.  vague;  L.  vagus:  vagor,  to  wander. 

VAIN.  adj.  Unreal;  shadowy;  showy;  fond  of  admira- 
tion; useless;  fruitless;  ineffectual,  8cc.  F.  vain;  L. 
vanusy  empty. 

VALE.  s.  A  valley;  a  hollow  between  hills.  L.  vallis: 
from  vallo,  to  enclose. 

VALEDICTION.  6^  A  farewell.  L.  vale^  farewell,  and 
dictio^  a  saying  :  dico^  to  speak. 

VALEDICTORY,  adj.  Bidding  farewell.— See  VALE- 
DICTION. 

VALETUDINARIAN,  s.  One  who,  through  infirmity 
of  body,  is  compelled  to  nurse  himself,  in  order  to 
restore  his  constitution.  L.  valetudo,  health,  or  sick- 
ness. 

VALIANT,  adj.  Brave.  F.  vaillant;  L.  valeoy  to  be 
strong. 

VALID,  adj.  Efficacious;  convincing;  conclusive.  L. 
validus:  from  valeo,  to  be  strong. 

VALLEY,  s.  A  vale;  a  hollow  between  hills.  L.  vallis: 
vallo,  to  enclose. 

VALOUR,  s.  Bravery.  L.  valor:  valeo,  to  be  strong. 

VALUE,  s.  Price-;  worth;  rate.  F.  value:  valoir^  to 
have  worth  :  L.  valeo^  to  be  strong. 


VAN— VEG 

VAN.  s.  The  front  division  of  an  army  or  fleet.  F.  avant^ 
before. 

V^ANISH.  V.  To  lose  perceptible  existence;  to  disap» 
pear;  to  pass  away.  L.  inceptive,  vanesco;  from  va- 
nus^  empty. 

VANITY,  s.  Emptiness;  fruitless  endeavour;  vain  pur- 
suit; presumption;  idle  show;  fondness  of  admiration. 
L.  vanitas.—^See  VAIN. 

VANQUISH.  V.  To  conquer.  F,  vamcre :  IL.  vhico  ^ 
from  vincio^  to  bind. 

VAPID,  adj.  Spiritless;  having  the  spirit  evaporated. 
L.  vafiidus.^SeQ  VAPOUR. 

VAPOUR,  s.  Fluid  in  an  aeriform  state ;  steam.  L. 
x>a/ior. 

VARIANCE,  s.  Disagreement;  discord;  dissension. — 
See  VARY. 

VARIEGATE,  v.  To  diversify;  to  stain  wdth  various 
colours.  From  vary,  with  the  addition  of  the  L.  verb 
ago,  to  make. 

VARIETY,  s.  Change;  difference;  dissimilitude;  devia- 
tion. L.  varietas. — See  VARY. 

VARIOUS,  adj.  Changeable;  uncertain;  different;  sev- 
eral. L.  varius, — See  VARY. 

VARY.  V.  To  change;  to  diversify;  to  be  changeable; 
to  deviate;  to  disagree.  L.  vario^  to  draw  with,  {ov  be 
of,)  various  colours :  varus,  a  spot. 

VASCULAR,  adj.  Consisting  of  little  vessels ;  full  of 
little  vessels.  L.  vasculum,  dim.  of  vas,  a  vessel. 

VASE.  s.  A  domestic  vessel,  rather  for  show  than  use. 
F.  -vase ;  L.  -vas,  a  vessel  (of  any  kind,  for  domestic 
use.) 

VASSAL,  s.  One  who  holds  of  a  superior  lord;  a  de- 
pendant ;  one  who  acts  by  the  will  of  another.  F.  vas- 
sal;  L.  vas,  a  pledge,  or  hostage. 

VAST.  adj.  Very  large;  very  great;  immensely  spa- 
cious. L.  vastus,  waste,  desolate,  wide,  huge,  &c. 

VEDETTE,  s.  A  mounted  sentinel,  who  observes  the 
movements  of  an  enemy.  F.  vedette;  from  the  L.  vi- 
deo, to  see. 

VEGETABLE,  s.  Any  thing  that  grows  as  a  plant.  L. 
vegetabilis See  VEGETATE. 

VEGETATE,  v.  To  grow  as  plants ;  to  grow  without 


VEH— .VEN 

sensation.    L.  vegeto:  from  uegeo^  to  be  strong  and 

healthy,  to  stir  or  move  up. 
VEHEMENT,  adj.  Violent;  forcible;  ardent.  L.  vehe- 

mens:  neho^  to  carry. 
VEHICLE.  T'.  That  in  which  any  thing  is  carried;  that 

by  means  of  which  any  thing  is  conveyed.   L.  vehicu^ 

lum:  vehoy  to  carry. 
VEIL,    s,   A   small    curtain   for   concealing   the  face ; 

means  of  concealment ;  a  disguise.    L.  velum;  velo^ 

to  cover. 
VELOCIPEDE,   s.   A   small   carriage,   driven  by  the 

feet.    L.  -velox^  (g^i^-  "velocis^  swift,  and  pes^  (g^i^* 

pedis^  a  foot. 
VELOCITY.  8,  Speed;  swiftness.  L.  velocitas:  velox, 

sv/ift. 
VENAL,  adj.  Mercenary;  prostitute.  F.  venal:  L.  ve- 

nalis:  from  veneo,  to  be  sold. 
VENATIC.  adj.  Used  in  hunting.  L.  venaticus:  vena- 

tus^  part,  of  venor^  to  seek  after,  or  hunt. 
VEND.  V.  To  sell.  L.  vendo^  to  sell. 
VENDIBLE,  adj.  Saleable.  L.  vendibilis:  vendo,  to  sell, 
VEjYDITIOJ^'I  exponas.     The  name  of  a  judicial 

writ,   empowering   a  sheriff  to   sell  certain  property 

therein  described.  L.  exponas^  you  may  expose,  ven- 
ditioni to  sale:  exfiono^  and  venditio. 
VENDUE,  s.  Public  sale,  generally  by  auction.  F.  from 

vendre;  L.  vendo^  to  sell. 
VENENATE.  v.  To  poison;  to  infect  with  poison.  L, 

vene7io:  G.  fiheno^  to  kill. 
VENERABLE,  adj.  To  be  regarded  with  awe;  to  be 

treated  with  reverence  ;  deserving  the  highest  degree 

of  respect.  L.  venerabilis. — See  VENERATE. 
VENERATE,  v.  To  regard  with  awe;  to  reverence.  L. 

venerovy  to  worship. 
VENIAL,  a £//.  Pardonable ;   excusable;   permitted.  F. 

veniel:  L.  venia,  leave. 
VEA'IRE  FACIAS.     The  name  of  a  judicial  writ,  by 

which  a  sheriff  is  empowered  to  summon  a  jury.    L. 

facias,  you  may  cause,  [them,]  venire,  to  come  :  ve- 

nio,  and/ac/o. 
VENISON,  s.  The  flesh  of  deer.  F.  venaison:  L.  ve- 

nor,  to  hunt. 


VEN— VER 

VENOM,  s.  Poison.  L.  x;6';2e?zwm.— See  VENENATE. 

VENT.  *.  An  aperture  through  which  any  thing  comes 
cut;  emission;  passage,  8cc.  L.  vc?itu??i,  sup.  oi  venio^ 
to  come. 

VENT.  s.  Sale.  F.  vente;  L.  venditio:  venditus^  part, 
of  veiido^  to  sell. 

VENTIDUCT,  s.  A  passage  for  the  wind.  L.  -ventus^ 
wind,  and  ductus^  a  guidance  :  from  the  p.  part,  of 
duco,  to  lead. 

VENTILATE,  v.  To  cool  or  purify  by  the  admission 
of  wind.  L.  veiitilo:  from  ventus^  wind. 

VENTRICLE,  s.  The  stomach;  any  small  cavity  in  an 
animal  body,  particularly  of  the  heart.  L.  ventriculus^ 
dim.  of  venter,^  the  belly. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  s.  One  who  pretends  that  he 
speaks  from  his  belly,  but  who  has  acquired  the  art 
of  articulating  his  words  without  using  the  proper 
organs  of  speech ;  and  can  so  modify  his  tones,  as  to 
induce  a  belief  that  the  sound  issues  from  any  place 
to  M-hich  he  directs  the  attention  of  his  auditors.  L. 
venter^  the  belly,  and  loguor^  to  speak. 

VENTURE,  s.  A  hazard  ;  an  undertaking  of  chance 
and  danger;  the  thing  put  to  hazard.  Sec.  F.  avan- 
iure :  L.  venturus^  (future  part,  of  venio,)  about  to 
come. 

VERACITY,  s.  Moral  truth;  honesty  of  report.  L. 
eracis,  gen.  oi  veraa:,  true  of  speech. 

VERB.  s.  A  part  of  speech,  defined  as  signifying  "to 
be,  to  do,  or  to  suffer."  L.  verbum^  a  word  :  thus, 
making  the  verb  pre-eminent,  as  being  the  radical 
from  which  is  formed  the  greater  portion  of  the 
other  parts  of  speech. 

VERBAL,  adj.  Spoken;  not  written;  oral;  consisting; 
of  mere  words;  referring  to  mere  words,  not  to  the 
matter  or  general  style;  literal;  having  word  corres- 
ponding to  word;  derived  from  a  verb.  L.  verbalis; 
■verbum.)  a  word. — See  VERB. 

VERBATIM.  Word  for  Avord.  L.  from  verbian^  a 
word. 

VERBATIM  ET  LITERATIM.  Word  for  word, 
and  letter  for  letter;  without  the  smallest  variation. 


VER— .VER 

L.  adverbs,  verbatim^  word  for  word,  and  liter atinu 

letter  for  letter:  verbum^  a  word,  and  litera^  a  letter. 
VERBERx\TE.  v.  To  beat;  to  strike,  l^.verbei^o;  from 

■verber^  a  whip. 
VERBOSE,  adj.  Exuberant  in  words;  tedious  by  a  mul- 
tiplicity of  words.  L.  verbosus:  verbum^  a  word. 
VERDANT,  adj.  Green.  F.  -verdoyant  (formerly,  -ver- 

doiant;)  L.  viridans;  vireo,  to  fiourish,  or  to  be  green  ' 

x'iresf  pi.  oivisy  strength. 
VERDERER.  s.  An  officer  of  a  forest.   F.  -oerdier;  L. 

■viridarium^   a   green   place   enclosed  for  beasts   and 

fowls:  from  viridis^  green. 
VERDITER.  s.  Chalk  made  green.    F.  verd^   green, 

and  terre^  earth. 
VERDICT,  s.  The  determination  of  a  jury  declared  to 

the  judge;  decision;  judgment.  L,.  veriun.^  neviter  of 

-verus,  true,  and  dictum^  a  saying. 
VERDURE,  s.  Green;  green  colour.  Y. -verdure. — See 

VERDANT. 
VERGE,  s.  A  rod,  or  something  resem.bling  it,  carried 

as  an  emblem  of  authority  ;  the  mace  of  a  dean.  F. 

■verge;  L.  virga,  a  rod. 
VERGE,  s.  The  brink  ;  the  edge;  the  utmost  border; 

L.  vergo,  to  decline,  or  bend  towards. 
VER.GER.  s.  He  that  carries  the  verge  or  mace  be- 
fore the  dean. — See  VERGE. 
VERIFY.  T'.  To  confirm;  to  prove  true.    Y.  verifier; 

L.  verusy  real,  or  true,  and yaczo,  to  make. 
VERILY,  adv.  Truly;  certainly;  with  great  confidence. 

—See  VERY. 
VERISIMILITUDE,    s.  Probability;    resemblance  of 

truth.  lu.verisi?}iilit7ido;  comp.  of  x'cW,  gen.  oi  verum, 

truth,  and  similitudo^  a  likeness. 
VERITABLE,  adj.  True  ;  in  accordance  with  fact.  F. 

veritable.-^^QQ  VERITY. 
VERITY.  8,  Truth.  L.  Veritas:  verus,  real. 
VERMICULAR,  adj.  Acting  like  a  worm;  continued 
from  one  part  to  another.  L.  vermiculus,  dim.  of  ver- 
mis^ a  worm. 
VERMICULE.  s.  A  little  worm.  L.  vermiculus,  dim. 
of  vermis^  a  worm. 


VER— VER 

VERMIFORM,  adj.  Having  the  shape  of  a  \vorm.  E, 
■verjnig,  a  worm,  and./orw2a,  shape. 

VERMIFUGE,  s.  A  medicine  for  expelling  or  destroy- 
ing- worms.  L.  ver?nis,  a  worm,  and  fugo^  to  drive 
away. 

VERMIN,  s.  Noxious  animals  ;  used  commonly  in  re- 
lation to  small  creatures  of  a  disagreeable  or  destruc- 
tive nature.  F.  vermin:  L.  -vermis^  a  worm,  grub,  &c. 

VERNACULAR,  adj.  Native;  of  one's  own  country. 
L.  veimacjilus;  from  vei-na,  a  bond-servant,  or  one 
born  in  the  house. 

VERNAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  spring  of 
the  year.  L.  vermis;  ver^  the  spring. 

VERSATILE,  adj.  Changeable  ;  variable  ;  easily  ap- 
plied to  a  new  task.  L.  versatilis;  verso,  to  turn  often: 
verto,  to  turn. 

VERSE,  s.  Language  restrained  to  harmonic  sounds 
or  a  regular  number  of  syllables  ;  a  line  of  verse  ;  a 
portion  of  Scripture,  contained  in  one  numerical  di- 
vision. This  species  of  composition  is  generally  called 
poetry;  though,  a  poem  is  not  always  written  in  verse, 
nor  is  verse  always  poetry, — which  denotes  an  exer- 
tion of  genius,  and  a  captivating  display  of  originality. 
L.  versus:  from  verto.,  to  turn. — See  PROSE. 

VERSED,  adj.  Skilled  (in;)  acquainted  (with.)  L.  verso^ 
to  turn  often,  or  consider:  verio,  to  turn. 

VERSIFY.  V.  To  make  verses.  F.  versifier;  L.  versi- 
Jico:   comp.  of  versus.,  a  verse,  and yaczo,  to  make. 

VERSION,  s.  Translation.  L.  versio;  versus^  p.  part. 
oi  verto.,  to  turn. 

VERSUS,  firefi.  Against.  L. 

VERTEBRAL,  adj.  Relating  to  the  joints  of  the  spine, 
L.  vertebra,  a  turning  joint  in  the  body ;  verto,  to 
turn. 

VERTEX,  s.  The  zenith,  the  point  over  head  ;  the  top. 
L.  vertex,  the  top  of  any  thing:  verto,  to  turn. 

VERTICAL,  adj.  Placed  in  the  zenith ;  placed  in  a 
direction  perpendicular  to  the  horizon.  L.  verticis, 
gen.  of  vertex. — See  VERTEX. 

VERTIGINOUS,  adj.  Turning  round;  rotary;  giddy. 
L.  vertiginosus;  vertiginis,  gen.  of  vertigo,  turning 
round :  from  verto,  to  turn. 


VER— VIA 

VERTIGO.  5.  A  giddiness,  or  sense  of  turning-,  in  the 
head.  L.  from  verto^  to  turn. 

VERY.  adj.  True;  real ;  same  or  precise:  ad-v.  emphati- 
cally; in  a  high  degree.  Old  F.  -veray,  (modern,  vrai^) 
true  :  L.  -uerus^  real. 

VESICATE.  V.  To  blister.  L.  vesica^  a  bladder,  or 
(figuratively,)  a  blister. 

VESICLE,  s.  A  small  cuticle,  filled  or  inflated.  L.  -ve- 
sicular dim.  o^vesica^  a  bladder. 

VESICULAR,  adj.  In  anatomy,  hollow;  full  of  small 
interstices. — See  VESICLE. 

VESPERS,  s.  Evening  service  of  the  Roman  church. 
L.  vesper.,  the  evening. 

VEST.  -u.  To  dress;  to  deck;  to  enrobe;  to  make  pos- 
sessor of;  to  invest  with;  to  place  under  the  au- 
thority of.  L.  vestift.,  a  garment. 

VESTAL,  adj.  Consecrated  to  Vesta;  having  virgin 
purity.  L.  vestalis. — See  the  heathen  mythology. 

VESTIGE,  s.  Mark  left  behind  in  passing ;  trace.  L. 
■vestigium^  a  trace. 

VESTMENT.  5.  Garment;  part  of  dress.  L.  vesii- 
inentum;  vestis,  a  garment. 

VESTRY,  s.  A  room,  belonging  to  a  church,  in  which 
the  sacerdotal  ganneiits,  kc.  are  deposited;  a  paro- 
chial assembly,  usually  convened  in  the  vestry-room  ; 
an  assembly  of  the  elders  and  pew-holders  of  any 
church.  L.  vestiarium,  a  wardrobe  :  -vestis^  a  gar- 
ment. 

VESTURE,  s.  Garment;  robe;  dress.  Old  F.  -vesture: 
L.  vestis.,  a  garment. 

VETERAN,  adj.  Long  practised  in  war;  long  experien- 
ced.  L.  -ueteranus:  vcieris,,  gen.  of  veius^  old. 

VETO.  s.  Refusal ;  rejection  ;  invested  power  or  privi- 
lege of  rejecting  or  annulling.  L.  veto,  I  forbid. 

VIA.     By  the  way  of  L.  abl.  of  via,  a  way. 

VIANDS.  6f.  Food  ;  meat  dressed.  F.  viande,  food.  L. 
vivendo,  gerund,  of  vivo,  to  live. 

VIATICUM,  s.  Provision  for  a  journey;  in  the  Roman 
church,  the  last  rites  used  to  prepare  the  passing  soul 
for  its  departure ;  pecuniary  compensation  to  an  evi- 
dence for  having  come  to  a  court  of  justice.  L.  from 
via,  a  way,  and  itus,  a  going:  eo,  to  go. 


VIB—VIG 

VIBRATE.  V.  To  move  backward  and  forward,  or  up- 
ward and  downward,  with  a  quick  motion;  to  quiver. 
L.  vibro,  to  shake. 

VICAR,  s.  A  substitute;  a  clergyman  of  the  episcopal 
church,  in  degree  below  a  rector.  L.  vicarius;  vicis, 
stead,  place. 

VICARIOUS,  adj.  Deputed  ;  delegated;  acting  in  the 
place  of  another.  L.  vicarius. — See  VICAR. 

VICE'.     In  the  place  of.  L.  abl.  of  x'im,  stead,  place. 

VICEADMIRAL.  s.  The  second  commander  of  a  fleet; 
an  admiral  of  the  second  rank.  L.  vice,  in  the  place, 
(instead,)  and  admiral. 

VICEGERENT,  s.  A  lieutenant ;  one  who  possesses 
delegated  power.  L.  vice,  in  the  place,  (instead,)  and 
gerens,  part,  of  gero,  to  bear. 

VICEROY,  s.  One  who  governs  in  place  of  a  king, 
with  regal  authority.  L.  vice,  in  the  place,  (instead,) 
and  F.  roi,  a  king. 

VICINAGE,  s.  A  neighbourhood;  places  adjoining. 
L.  vicinia;  from  vicus,  a  street,  or  row  of  houses  near 
each  other. 

VICINITY,  s.  Nearness;  state  of  being  near;  neigh- 
bourhood. L.  vici7iitas.-—Ste  VICINAGE. 

VICISSITUDE,  s.  Change  ;  revolution.  L.  vicissitudo: 
comp.  of  vicisy  change,  stead,  and  ito,  to  go  fre- 
quently :  itum,  sup.  of  eo,  to  go. 

VICTIM,  s.  A  sacrifice  ;  something  slain  for  a  sacri- 
fice ;  something  destroyed.  L,.  victi?na,  a  beast  killed 
in  sacrifice  for  victory  :  victus,  p.  part,  of  vinco,  to 
overcome. 

VICTOR,  s.  Conqueror.  L.  from  vinro^  to  conquer. 

VIDE'.  V.  See.  L.  imper.  o{  video,  to  see. 

VIDELICET,  or  its  contraction,  VIZ.  That  is;  to  wit; 
namely  ;  comp.  of  videre,  infinitive  of  video,  to  see, 
and  licet,  it  is  lawful — you  may  if  you  will,  8cc, 

VI  ET  ARMIS.  By  force  and  arms;  by  a  force  not 
sanctioned  by  law.  L.  abl.  of  vis,  and  arma, 

VIGIL,  s.  Watch  ;  devotion  performed  in  the  custom- 
ary hours  of  rest;  a  fast  observed  before  a  holiday,  Sec. 
L.  vigil.,  a  watchman. 

VIGILANT,  adj.  Watchful  ;  circumspect.  L.  vigilans^ 
part,  oivigilo:  vigil,  a  watchman. 


VIG— VIN 

VIGOROUS,  adj.  Strong;  lively;  energetic;  full  of 
strength  and  life.— See  VIGOUR. 

VIGOUR.  8.  Strength  ;  health  ;  energy.  L.  vigor:  from 
vigeo^  to  flourish  ;  vi,  (abl.  of  t;?*,)  v/ith  strength,  and 
agendo^  abl.  gerund  of  ago^  to  do,  or  move. 

VILE.  adj.  Worthless;  mean;  sordid;  base;  wicked.  L. 
vills^  of  no  value. 

VILIFY.  V.  To  debase ;  to  degrade ;  to  defame.  L.  vi- 
lis^  of  no  value,  andyiaiczo,  to  make. 

VILLAGE,  s.  A  small  collection  of  houses  in  the  coun- 
try, less  than  a  town.  F.  village:  L.  villa^  a  country- 
house. 

VILLAIN,  s.  This  word,  according  to  the  present 
popular  meaning,  has  almost  entirely  changed  its  sig- 
nification. It  formerly  denoted  one  who  held  lands 
on  very  dependent  conditions,  under  the  feudal  sys- 
tem ;  one  who  was  bound  to  do  any  sort  of  service 
for  his  superior  lord.  It  now  signifies  a  base,  wicked 
rogue.  F.vilain:  vil,  mean,  contemptible:  h.  vilis. 
Consult  Blackstone's  Commentaries. 

VILLANAGE.  s.  The  state  of  that  species  of  tenants 
formerly  called  villains,  or  the  nature  of  their  tenure. 
—See  VILLAIN. 

VILLOUS,  adj.  Shaggy;  rough;  furry,  h.  villosusj 
villus,  wool  or  hair. 

VIMINEOUS.' fzf//.  Made  of  twigs.  L.  vimineus :  vi- 
771671.,  a  twig. 

VINCIBLE,  adj.  Conquerable;  superable.  L.  vincidi- 
lis:  vinco,  to  conquer. 

VINDICATE.  V.  To  revenge  ;  to  avenge  ;  to  justify ; 
to  support,  or  maintain  ;  to  assert ;  to  claim  with  effi- 
cacy. L.  vindico:  vincio.,  to  bind,  and  dico,  to  speak. 

VINDICTIVE,  adj.  Revengeful.  L.  vindicta,  ven- 
geance.—See  VINDICATE. 

VINEGAR,  s.  Wine  grown  sour;  a  vegetable  acid, 
called  acetous.  F.  vinaigre :  vin,  wine,  and  aigre^ 
sour:  L.  vinum,  and  acer. 

VINOUS,  adj.  Having  the  qualities  of  wine  ;  relating 
to  a  species  of  fermentation.  L.  vinosus:  x'mwm,  wine. 

VINTAGE,  s.  Season  of  gathering  the  grapes  and 
making  them  into  wine.  F.  virii  L.  vinuin^  wine. 


V  IN— -VIS 

VINTNER,  s.  One  who  sells  wine.  F.  vm;  L.  vinuin, 
wine. 

VIOLATE.  X'.  To  infringe;  to  hurt;  to  injure  by  irre- 
verence or  sacrilege  ;  to  deflower.  L.  vioio^  to  force  ; 
vi,  abl.  oi  vis,  force. 

VIOLENT,  adj.  Acting  with  great  force;  produced  or 
continued  by  force  ;  unseasonably  vehement ;  outrage- 
ous. L.  violentus:  violo,  to  force:  vi,  abl.  of  x;z5-,  force. 

VIPER,  s.  A  serpent  of  that  species  which  brings  forth 
its  young  alive.  L.  vivus^  alive,  and  Jiario^  to  bring 
forth. 

VIRAGO,  s.  A  blustering  w^oman ;  a  woman  with  the- 
qualities  of  a  man.  L.  vir<^  a  man,  and  ago,  to  act. 

VIRGO,  s.  One  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac.  L. 
■virgo,  a  virgin. 

VIRILITY,  s.  Manhood ;  power  of  procreation.  L.  vU 
rilitas;  vir,  a  man. 

VIRTUAL,  adj.  Having  the  efficacy,  without  the  ma- 
terial part ;  having  the  power,  without  the  regular 
authority,  of  acting.  F.virtuel:  h.  virtus,  force,  faculty. 

VIRULENT,  adj.  Poisonous;  venomous;  bitter ;  ma- 
lignant. L.  ■virule7itus. — See  VIRUS. 

VIRUS,  s.  Infectious  principle ;  poison.  L. 

VISAGE,  s.  Countenance;  face.  F.  visage;  L.  visus: 
visus,  (p.  part,  of  video,^  seen. 

VIS-A-VIS.  s.  A  species  of  carriage,  in  which  the  pas- 
sengers sit  opposite  to  each  other.  F.  vis  a  vis,  over 
against :  visage,  a  face,  a  against,  visage,  a  face. 

VISCERA,  s.  The  entrails,  L.  pi.  of  viscus,  a  bowel 
or  entrail. 

VISCERATE.  V.  To  disembowel— See  VISCERA. 

VISCID,  or  VISCOUS,  adj.  Glutinous;  sticky;  tena- 
cious. L.  viscidus:  viscus,  properly  a  species  of  shrub, 
which  yields  a  glutinous  substance,  called  birdlime. 

VISIBLE,  adj.  Perceptible  by  the  eye;  apparent;  open; 
conspicuous.  L.  visibilis. — See  VISION. 

VIS  IJSfERTIJE.  In  physics  or  mechanics,  this  is  ap- 
plied to  the  power  of  a  stationary  body,  resisting  that 
which  would  set  it  in  motion.  In  morals,  it  is  a  figura- 
tive application,  and  another  name  for  sluggishness, 
or  indolence.  L.  vis^  the  power,  inerti(S,  (gen.  of  iner- 
tia,)  of  lying  still. 


VIS— VIV 

VISION,  s.  Sight ;  the  facuhy  of  seeing  ;  a  supernatu- 
ral appearance  ;  something  shown  in  a  dream  ;  a  rhe- 
torical figure  by  which  past  events  are  represented 
as  present.  F.  vision;  L.  visio:  visas,  p.  part,  of  vi- 
deo, to  see. 

VISIONARY,  adj.  Affected  by  phantoms  ;  disposed  to 
receive  impressions  on  the  imagination ;  imaginary. 
F.  visionaire. — See  VISION. 

VISIT.  V.  To  go  to  see ;  to  be  in  the  habit  of  mutual 
salutations  at  the  houses  of  each  other ;  (in  scriptu- 
ral language,)  to  send  good  or  evil  judicially.  L. 
visito,  to  go  often  to  see:  visum,  sup.  oi  video,  to  see. 

VISITATION,  s.  Formal,  or  tedious  visit ;  judicial 
good  or  evil  sent  by  God.  L.  visito. — See  VISIT. 

VISOR,  s.  A  mask  for  disguising  the  face. — See  VI- 
SAGE. 

VISUAL,  adj.  Relating  or  pertaining  to  the  sight.  F. 
visuel;  L.  visus,  sight :  from  video,  to  see. 

VITAL,  adj.  Contributing  to  life;  necessary  to  life;  re- 
lating to  life;  essential,  Sec.  L.  vitaLis:  vita,  life. 

VITALS,  s.  Parts  essential  to  life See  VITAL. 

VITIATE.  V.  To  corrupt;  to  make  less  pure,  h.yitio: 
vitium,  faultiness  or  deformity. 

VITIOUS,  or  VICIOUS,  adj.  Corrupt;  wicked;  prone 
to  vice.  L.  vitiosus;  from  vitium,  faultiness,  deformity. 

VITREOUS,  adj.  Consisting  of  glass ;  resembling 
glass.   L.  vitreus:  vitrmn,  glass. 

VITRIFY.  V.  To  become  glass ;  to  change  into  glass. 
F.  vitrijier;  L.  vitrum,  glass,  and  facio,  to  make. 

VITRIOL,  s.  This  term,  which  refers  to  a  glassy  ap- 
pearance, is  no  longer  used  by  chemists,  but  is  super- 
seded by  that  of  sulphate:  thus,  Roman  or  blue 
vitriol  is  called  sulphate  of  copper;  and  green  vitriol,  or 
copperas,  sulphate  of  iron.  F.  vitriol;  L.  vitrum,  glass. 

VITUPERATE,  v.  To  blame,  or  censure,  lu.vituperoj 
to  blame. 

VIVACIOUS,  adj.  Long-lived;  lively;  gay.  "L.viva- 
CIS,  gen.  oivivax:  from  vivo,  to  live. 

VIVACITY,  .s.  Liveliness  ;  gayety;  sprightliness.  F.vi- 
vacite:  L.  vivacis,  gen.  oivivax,  lively:  vivo,  to  live. 

VIVA  VOCE,     By  oral  testimony,  as  opposed  to  writ- 


VIV— VOL 

ten.  L.  viva^  by  a  living,  voce,  voice:  abl.  ot"  vivun, 
and  vox. 

VIVID,  adj.  Lively;  striking;  sprightly;  active.  L.  vi- 
vidus:  vivo,  to  live. 

VIVIFY.  V,  To  endue  with  life.  F.  vivijier;  L.  vioijico: 
vivus,  alive,  and yhczo,  to  make. 

VIVIPAROUS,  adj.  Bringing  forth  the  young  alive : 
opposed  to  oviparous.  L.  vivus,  alive,  and  iiario,  to 
bring  forth. 

VIZ.— See  VIDELICET. 

VIZOR.— See  VISOR. 

VOCABULARY,  s.  A  dictionary;  a  glossary,  or  ex- 
planation of  obscure  terms;  a  stock  of  words.  L.  voca- 
bularium:  vocabulum.,  a  name:  voco,  to  call. 

VOCAL,  adj.  Uttered  by  the  voice  ;  intended  for  the 
voice.  L.  vocalis:  vocis,  gen.  of  vox,  the  voice. 

VOCATION,  s.  A  calling ;  the  employment  to  which 
any  one  is  called  by  the  will  of  God.  L.  vocatio:  vo- 
catus,  p.  part,  of  voco,  to  call. 

VOCATIVE,  adj.  Relating  to  the  grammatical  case 
used  in  calling  or  speaking  to.  L.  vocativus;  from 
voco,  to  call. 

VOIR  DIRE.  A  particular  kind  of  oath.  If  the  court, 
says  Blackstone,  has  any  doubt  of  the  age  of  the  party, 
[the  witness,]  it  may  take  proofs  of  the  fact ;  and 
may  examine  the  infant  himself,  upon  an  oath  oi  voire 
dire,  (veritatem  dicere;)  that  is,  to  make  true  an- 
swer to  such  questions  as  the  court  shall  demand  of 
him.  Voire  seems  to  be  a  Norman  corruption  of  the 
L.  verus,  true ;  dire,  is  from  the  L.  dicere,  to  say. 

VOLANT,  adj.  Flying;  passing  through  the  air;  nimble. 
F.  volant ;  L.  volans,  part.  o{volo,  (volare,)  to  fly. 

VOLATILE,  adj.  Having  the  pov,^er  to  pass  off  by 
spontaneous  evaporation ;  overlively ;  fickle ;  of  change- 
able mind.  L.  volatilis:  volo,  (volarS,J  to  fly. 

VOLCANO,  s.  A  burning  mountain.  Italian,  from  the 
heathen  deity,  Vulcan,  who  is  poetically  related  to  have 
had  his  forge  in  Mount  ^Etna,  where  his  workmen,  the 
Cyclops,  made  thunderbolts. 

VOLITION,  s.  Will ;  the  act  of  willing;  the  power  of 
willing  exerted.  L.  volitio:  voloy  fvelle,J  to  will,  or 
be  willing. 

[29] 


VOL— VOT 

VOLLEY,  s.  A  flight  of  shot ;  a  discharge  of  many 
guns  at  once  ;  an  emission  of  many  at  once.  F.  volee: 
L.  voioy  fvolare,J  to  fly. 

V^OLUBILITY.  s.  Act  or  power  of  rolling;  activity 
or  fluency  (applied  to  the  tongue,  or  speech.)  L.  vo- 
lubilitas.—See  VOLUBLE. 

VOLUBLE,  adj.  Formed  so  as  to  roll  easily,  or  be 
easily  put  in  motion;  rolling;  moving  quickly;  active 
or  fluent,  (applied  to  the  tongue,  or  speech.)  L.  volu- 
bilis:  -volutus^  p.  part,  oivolvo^  to  roll. 

VOLUME,  s.  Something  rolled,  or  convolved  ;  a  book; 
so  called,  because  books  were  anciently  rolled  on  a 
staff;  circumference.  L.  volmnen:  -volvo^  to  roll. 

VOLUMINOUS,  adj.  Consisting  of  many  volumes; 
extensive  ;  copious. — See  VOLUME. 

VOLUNTARY,  adj.  Acting  by  one's  own  will,  not  by 
compulsion,  or  entreaty  ;  willing  ;  spontaneous.  L.  vo- 
luntarius:  volo  (velle^J  to  be  willing. 

VOLUNTEER,  s.  One  who  enters  upon  any  service  of 
his  own  accord.  F.volontaire. — See  VOLUNTARY. 

VOLUPTUOUS,  adj.  Given  to  excess  of  pleasure ; 
luxurious.  L.  volu/ituosus:  volufitas^  pleasure:  volo^ 
to  be  willing. 

VOLUTE.  8.  That  part  of  the  capital  of  a  column 
which  is  supposed  to  represent  the  bark  of  trees 
twisted  into  spiral  lines,  or,  according  to  others,  the 
long  twisted  hair  of  a  female.  F.  volute;  L.  volutus<^ 
p.  part,  oi-volvo.,  to  roll. 

VOMIT.  V.  To  throw  up  from. the  stomach  ;  to  emit, 
as  a  volcano.  L.  vomito,  frequentative  form,  of  fyomo, 
to  spew,  or  cast  up. 

VORACIOUS,  adj.  Greedy  to  eat;  ravenous;  rapa- 
cious. L.  vorax^  (gc^-  'voracis:')  from  voro,  to  devour. 

VORTEX,  s.  A  whirlwind,  or  whirlpool  ;  pi.  vortexes. 
In  the  Cartesian  philosophy,  a  system  or  collection  of 
particles  of  matter,  moving  the  same  way,  and  round 
the  same  axis  ;  pi.  vortices.  L.  vortex;  from  verto^ 
to  turn. 

VOTARY,  s.  One  devoted,  as  by  a  vow,  to  any  parti- 
cular service,  worship,  study,  or  state  of  life. — See 
VOTE. 

VOTE.  s.  Suffrage ;  wish  expressed  in  favour  of  any 


VOT— ZEP 

person  or  thing.  L.  votum:  votu.Sy  p.  part,  of  voveo^ 
to  vow,  or  wish  for. 

VOTIVE,  adj.  Given  by  vow.  L.  votivuf}. — See  VOTE, 

VOW.  V.  To  consecrate  hy  a  solemn  dedication  ;  to 
promise  with  solemnity.  F.  voiicr;  L.  vovco^  to  pray 
or  wish  for. 

VOWEL,  s.  A  letter  which  can  be  fully  sounded  by  it- 
self. F.  voyclle;  L.  vocalis;  from  vocis^  gen.  of  -uo^.'^ 
a  voice,  or  sound. 

VOYAGE,  s.  A  journey  of  discovery;  but,  in  general, 
a  long  passage  by  sea:  it  is  also  used  to  express  the 
ascension  and  passage  of  an  seronaut.  F.  from  voh^,  to 
see. 

VULGAR,  adj.  Plebeian;  suiting  or  practised  amongst 
the  common  people;  (in  relation  to  a  language,)  nation- 
al :— also,  mean;  unfashionable.  L.  vulgaris:  vulguSf 
the  common  people. 

VULNERABLE,  adj.  Susceptible  of  wounds;  liable 
to  external  injuries;  not  impregnable.  L.  -vulnerabU 
In:  vubiera^  pi.  oi  vulnus,  a  wound. 

VULPINE,  adj.  Belonging  to  a  fox.  L.  vuljiinus:  vul* 
fies^  a  fox. 

W. 

WARRANT.  V.  To  support  or  maintain  ;  to  attest ;  to 
authorize;  to  justify;  to  secure.  F.  g-arantij^,  to  in- 
demnify, or  defend.— -See  GUARANTEE. 

WARRANT,  s.  A  writ  conferring  some  right  or  au- 
thority ;  a  secure,  inviolable  grant ;  a  justificatory 
commission  ;  evidence. — See  the  verb. 


Z. 

ZEAL.  5.  Passionate  ardour.  L.  zeius ;  G.  zelos:  from 

zeo.)  to  be  hot. 
ZEALOT.  .9.  One  passionately  ardent  in  any  cause  : — 

generally  used  in  dispraise.  G.  zeloies. — See  ZEAL. 
ZEALOUS,  adj.  Ardently  passionate  in  any  cause.—. 

See  ZEAL. 
ZEPHYR,  s.  The  west  wind;  any  calm,  pleasing  wind. 


ZER— zoo 

L.^  zefihyrufs;  G.  zephuros ;  zoe^  life,  and  phero^  to 
bring. 

ZERO.  s.  A  term  used  to  signify  0.  In  thermometers, 
the  0  or  zero  of  Reaumur  indicates  the  freezing  point; 
but  in  the  instruments  made  according  to  Fahrenheit, 
the  zero  is  32  degrees  below  it.  This  word  is  not  in 
any  English  dictionary;  but,  in  the  French,  is  explain- 
ed as  a  cypher  or  nought.  G.  xej-os,  (vacuus^)  void, 
vacant. 

ZEUGMA,  s.  A  figure  in  grammar,  by  which  a  verb, 
agreeing  with  several  nouns,  or  an  adjective  with  sev- 
eral substantives,  is  referred  to  one  expressly,  and 
understood  before  the  rest :  as;  "  lust  overcame  shame, 
— boldness,  fear, — and  madness,  reason."  G.  zeui^ma^ 
a  joining. 

ZODIAC,  s.  The  track  of  the  sun  through  the  twelve 
signs,  (the  ram,  bull.  Sec.;)  a  great  circle  of  the 
sphere,  representing  the  twelve  signs.  L.  zodiacus; 
G.  zodiakos;  zodioa,  (pi.  oi  zodiony)  living  creatures: 
zaoy  to  live. 

ZONE.  s.  A  girdle;  a  division  of  the  earth,  marked  by 
an  imaginary  girdle  or  circle.  G.  zone:  zonnuo^  to 
gird. 

ZO'OGONIA.  s.  The  production  of  living  creatures: 
pronounced  zo-ogonia.  G.  zobsy  living,  and  gone^  an 
offspring. 

ZO'OGRAPHY.  s.  A  written  description  of  animals: 
pronounced  zo-ography.  G.  zobs^  living,  and  grajiho^ 
to  write. 

ZO'OLOGY.  s.  That  part  of  natural  history  which  re- 
lates to  animals:  pronounced  zo-ology.  G.  zobs^  liv- 
ing, and  logosy  a  word,  or  description. 

ZO'OPHYTE.  s.  A  natural  production  which  partakes 
of  the  nature  of  both  a  vegetable  and  animal :  pro- 
nounced zo-ophyte.  G.  zoos, living,  zrnXphuton^  a  plant. 

ZO'OTOMY.  s.  Dissection  of  the  bodies  of  animals  : 
pronounced  zo-otomy.  G.  zoos, living,  and  temno, to  cut. 


THE  END. 


J^JI 


t^: 


